Next generation phenotyping for developing climate resilient rice varieties

Present paper deals with different components of next generation phenomics for characterizing rice genotypes for water deficit stress. Major sensors used in the study were non-imaging hyperspectal remote sensing, thermal imaging at ground platform and RGB and multispectral imaging sensors from drone platform. Different spectral indices were evaluated along with new proposed index and different multivariate models were studied for non-invasive estimation of relative water content (RWC) and sugar content in rice plant using spectral reflectance data collected in spectral range 350 to 2500 nm. Spectral data were further used for spectral discrimination of rice genotypes. Crop water stress index derived from thermal images acquired for rice genotypes could well characterize the drought resistant and sensitive genotypes. Initial study on field phenotyping through drone remote sensing using multispectral and RGB sensor was also explored to capture differential response of genotypes, trait and heat map mapping. All developed protocols as reliable alternative to conventional methods are fast, economic and non-invasive and in use in plant phenomics centre for high throughput plant phenotyhping for water deficit stress studies.

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Exogenous Foliar Application of Glycine Betaine to Alleviate Water Deficit Tolerance in Two Indica Rice Genotypes under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9030138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 138 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rujira Tisarum ◽

Cattarin Theerawitaya ◽

Thapanee Samphumphung ◽

Teruhiro Takabe ◽

Suriyan Cha-um

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Garden Soil ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Test Plant ◽

Free Proline ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Rice Genotypes

The aim of this investigation was to enhance overall growth, yield attributes as well as physio-biochemical adaptive strategies by exogenous foliar application of glycine betaine (GlyBet) in two rice varieties against water deficit stress under greenhouse conditions. Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content) grown in clay pots containing garden soil until booting stage were chosen as the test plant material, sprayed by 0 (control) or 100 mM GlyBet and subsequently subjected to: MWD (mild water deficit by 8 d water withholding; 24.80% SWC; Soil water content) or SWD (severe water deficit by 14 d water withholding; 13.63% SWC) or WW (well-watered conditions or control). Free proline content in cv. RD43 was rapidly increased in relation to the degree of water deficit and suppressed by exogenous GlyBet, while free proline in cv. SPR1 was lower than cv. RD43. Overall growth performances and yield traits in both cultivars under MWD were maintained by exogenous application of GlyBet; however, these parameters declined under SWD even after the GlyBet application. Degradation of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence in pretreated GlyBet plants under SWD were prevented, resulting in elevated net photosynthetic rate (Pn). Interestingly, Pn was very sensitive parameter that sharply declined under SWD in both RD43 and SPR1 genotypes. Positive relationships between physio-morphological and biochemical changes in rice genotypes were demonstrated with high correlation co-efficiency. Based on the key results, it is concluded that foliar GlyBet application may play an important role in drought-tolerant enhancement in rice crops.

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Physiological and Antioxidant Parameters in Two Lycoris Species as Influenced by Water Deficit Stress

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.11.1702 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 1702-1708 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sheng Xu ◽

Mingmin Jiang ◽

Jiangyan Fu ◽

Lijian Liang ◽

Bing Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Water Status ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase

From a field experiment, the changes in morphophysiological characters and antioxidant enzyme activities were studied in two Lycoris species (Lycoris radiata and Lycoris aurea) subjected to 16 days of water deficit stress. With the increase of water deficit stress processing time, leaf relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), transpiration rate (E), and chlorophyll (Chl) content decreased in both studied species. The water use efficiency (WUE) showed an opposite tendency between the two species under water deficit stress, where WUE of L. aurea decreased moderately and WUE of L. aurea increased somehow. Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) in L. aurea and L. radiata decreased in respond to water deficit stress at early stages of stress treatment, then increased throughout the rest of the stress period, and reached levels higher than those in well-watered plants at the end of the treatment. In addition, there was a significant increment in soluble sugar content and proline accumulation under water deficit stress in both species, and L. radiata showed a much more accumulation. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased in both plants subjected to water deficit stress while declined as the stress time increased. In L. aurea, catalase (CAT) showed a sustained increment, but it responded later and after a transient increase declined again in L. radiata under water deficit stress. In conclusion, L. radiata was more tolerant to water deficit stress than L. aurea as evidenced by its relatively higher water status, higher levels of proline, soluble sugar and pigments, and stronger photoprotection. Moreover, relatively higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in L. radiata were also associated with its better protection against water deficit stress-induced oxidative damage.

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Comparison of Cabernet sauvignon responses to different Italian pedo-climatic environment of southern Italy

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12621 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eugenia Monaco ◽

Maurizio Buonanno ◽

Arturo Erbaggio ◽

Angela Roberta Lo Piero ◽

Filippo Ferlito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Climatic Variability ◽

Stress Index ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Crop Water Stress Index ◽

Wine Production ◽

Climatic Environment

Water deficit is one of the most important effects of climate change able to affect agricultural sectors. In general, it determines a reduction in biomass production, and for some plants, as in the case of grapevine, it can promote fruit quality. However, high water stress should be avoided for any crop. Then, the monitoring and management of plant water stress in the vineyard is critical as well as the knowledge of how each specific cultivars react to it.In this sense, a multidisciplinary study was carried out to compare the Cabernet sauvignon grapevine responses to different pedoclimatic conditions of southern Italy, in three areas devoted to high-quality wine production of Campania, Molise, and Sicilia regions. This study reports the preliminary results of the Italian National project &#8220;Influence of agro-climatic conditions on the microbiome and genetic expression of grapevines for the production of red wines: a multidisciplinary approach (ADAPT)&#8221;In each site, the environmental characteristics were characterized and the soils described through a pedological survey.&#160; During 2020, soil water content and the principal weather variables (e.g., temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, etc.) have been monitored by means of in situ stations, while plant responses collected by means of field campaigns (LAI, LWP, grapes acidity, sugar content). Moreover, due to COVID-19 pandemic, vegetational indexes (NDVI, NDVII, RENDVI) derived from Sentinel 2A images have been used to support the plant status monitoring.The agro-hydrological model SWAP was used to solve the soil water balance in each site and to derive the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) during the growing season (April- October).The CWSI index has been compared with data collected on plant status (e.g., leaf water potential, vegetational indexes from remote sensing) and correlated to grapes quality (e.g., sugar content, acidity).The first results have demonstrated how local pedoclimatic conditions strongly affect grapes quality production on Cabernet sauvignon in southern Italy, furnishing important information regarding how this cultivar adapts and reacts to pedo-climatic variability. This last information is useful for planning future actions to support the vine growing resilience in southern Italy. In this way, at the end of ADAPT project, the collected information for the next two years will be used to realize a robust model calibration in order to analyze the plant response under future climate scenarios RCP (4.5 and 8.5).&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Keywords: cabernet sauvignon, CWSI, terroir, SWAP, quality

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In-Season Interactions between Vine Vigor, Water Status and Wine Quality in Terrain-Based Management-Zones in a ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Vineyard

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13091636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1636

Author(s):

Idan Bahat ◽

Yishai Netzer ◽

José M. Grünzweig ◽

Victor Alchanatis ◽

Aviva Peeters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Status ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Remotely Sensed ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Crop Water Stress Index ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Management Zones

Wine quality is the final outcome of the interactions within a vineyard between meteorological conditions, terrain and soil properties, plant physiology and numerous viticultural decisions, all of which are commonly summarized as the terroir effect. Associations between wine quality and a single soil or topographic factor are usually weak, but little information is available on the effect of terrain (elevation, aspect and slope) as a compound micro-terroir factor. We used the topographic wetness index (TWI) as a steady-state hydrologic and integrative measure to delineate management zones (MZs) within a vineyard and to study the interactions between vine vigor, water status and grape and wine quality. The study was conducted in a commercial 2.5-ha Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyard in Israel. Based on the TWI, the vineyard was divided into three MZs located along an elongate wadi that crosses the vineyard and bears water only in the rainy winter season. MZ1 was the most distant from the wadi and had low TWI values, MZ3 was closest to the wadi and had high TWI values. Remotely sensed crop water stress index (CWSI) was measured simultaneously with canopy cover (as determined by normalized difference vegetation index; NDVI) and with field measurements of midday stem water potential (Ψstem) and leaf area index (LAI) on several days during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. Vines in MZ1 had narrow trunk diameter and low LAI and canopy cover on most measurement days compared to the other two MZs. MZ1 vines also exhibited the highest water stress (highest CWSI and lowest Ψstem), lowest yield and highest wine quality. MZ3 vines showed higher LAI on most measurement days, lowest water deficit stress (Ψstem) during phenological stage I, highest yield and lowest wine quality. Yet, in stage III, MZ3 vines exhibited a similar water deficit stress (CWSI and Ψstem) as MZ2, suggesting that the relatively high vigor in MZ3 vines resulted in higher water deficit stress than expected towards the end of the season, possibly because of high water consumption over the course of the season. TWI and its classification into three MZs served as a reliable predictor for most of the attributes in the vineyard and for their dynamics within the season, and, thus, can be used as a key factor in delineation of MZs for irrigation. Yet, in-season remotely sensed monitoring is required to follow the vine dynamics to improve precision irrigation decisions.

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