Kesesuaian Pengukuran Reading Acuity dengan Menggunakan Cicendo Word Reading Chart dan dengan Menggunakan Bailey Lovie Word Reading Chart Konvensional

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Kukuh Prasetyo ◽  
Susanti Natalya ◽  
Andrew M H Knoch

Pendahuluan : Tajam penglihatan baca dekat adalah salah satu fungsi penglihatan yang dapat diukur menggunakan beberapa isntrumen. Tajam penglihatan baca dekat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan berbahasa. Kartu tes baca dekat yang tersedia saat ini yang tersedia berbahasa Inggris (Bailey Lovie Word reading chart). Cicendo Word Reading Chart adalah kartu tes baca yang menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia dan memiliki notasi pengukuran LogMAR, M, dan notasi M yang digunakan p;ada jarak baca normal 40 cm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian pengukuran tajam penglihatan baca dekat tantara dua kartu tes baca tersebut. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross sectional yang mengukur kesesuaian antara dua kartu tes baca dekat. Perbedaan rerata (mean difference) antara kedua pengukuran digambarkan dalam bentuk kurva Bland- Altman. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah residen Ilmu Kesehatan Mata yang berada di PMN RS Mata Cicendo. Tiga refraksionis mengukur tajam penglihatan jauh dan tajam penglihatan baca dekat melalui dua pengukuran. Hasil : Terdapat 49 sampel pada penelitian ini. Perbedaan rerata antara dua pengukuran adalah 0.0078 dengan batas kesesuaian (limit of agreement) -0.118 hingga 0.113. Koefisien korelasi yang diperoleh adalah 0.35 dengan p value 0.001 sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik pada pengukuran dengan menggunakan kedua kartu tes baca dekat tersebut. Kesimpulan : Cicendo Word reading chart dapat digunakan sebagai instrument pemeriksaan tajam penglihatan baca dekat pada lingkungan klinis untuk pasien yang hanya dapat berbahasa Indonesia dengan jarak baca normal 40 cm.

Author(s):  
Nindy Handayani ◽  
Soroy Lardo ◽  
Nunuk Nugrohowati

Introduction: Procalcitonin is known as a marker of infection and indicator for severity of infections. In sepsis, elevated procalcitonin levels in blood have a significant value that can be used as a sepsis biomarker. The aim of this study was to determine the mean difference of procalcitonin levels in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients.Methods: This study used quantitative method with cross sectional approach. The sample of this study were bacterial sepsis patients of Indonesia Army Central Hospital Gatot Soebroto in 2016 which were divided into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients with the number of each group was 30 samples. The data were analyzed by using independent t test.Results: This study showed that mean levels of procalcitonin in Gram-positive bacterial sepsis patients was 6.47 ng/ml and Gram-negative was 66.04 ng/ml. There was a significant difference between mean levels of procalcitonin in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients of Indonesia Army Central Hospital Gatot Soebroto in 2016 with p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The mean difference of procalcitonin levels in Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients were higher than Gram-positive bacterial sepsis patients, because Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide which is a strong immunostimulator and increases TNF-α production higher than Gram-positive bacteria. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiok Yang Chan ◽  
Jerry Yongqiang Chen ◽  
Suraya Zainul-Abidin ◽  
Hao Ying ◽  
Kevin Koo ◽  
...  

Background: The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score is one of the most common and adapted outcome scales in hallux valgus surgery. However, AOFAS is predominantly physician based and not patient based. Although it may be straightforward to derive statistical significance, it may not equate to the true subjective benefit of the patient’s experience. There is a paucity of literature defining MCID for AOFAS in hallux valgus surgery although it could have a great impact on the accuracy of analyzing surgical outcomes. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to define the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for the AOFAS score in these patients, and the secondary aim was to correlate patients’ demographics to the MCID. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 446 patients were reviewed preoperatively and followed up for 2 years. An anchor question was asked 2 years postoperation: “How would you rate the overall results of your treatment for your foot and ankle condition?” (excellent, very good, good, fair, poor, terrible). The MCID was derived using 4 methods, 3 from an anchor-based approach and 1 from a distribution-based approach. Anchor-based approaches were (1) mean difference in 2-year AOFAS scores of patients who answered “good” versus “fair” based on the anchor question; (2) mean change of AOFAS score preoperatively and at 2-year follow-up in patients who answered good; (3) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves method, where the area under the curve (AUC) represented the likelihood that the scoring system would accurately discriminate these 2 groups of patients. The distribution-based approach used to calculate MCID was the effect size method. There were 405 (90.8%) females and 41 (9.2%) males. Mean age was 51.2 (standard deviation [SD] = 13) years, mean preoperative BMI was 24.2 (SD = 4.1). Results: Mean preoperative AOFAS score was 55.6 (SD = 16.8), with significant improvement to 85.7 (SD = 14.4) in 2 years ( P value < .001). There were no statistical differences between demographics or preoperative AOFAS scores of patients with good versus fair satisfaction levels. At 2 years, patients who had good satisfaction had higher AOFAS scores than fair satisfaction (83.9 vs 78.1, P < .001) and higher mean change (30.2 vs 22.3, P = .015). Mean change in AOFAS score in patients with good satisfaction was 30.2 (SD = 19.8). Mean difference in good versus fair satisfaction was 7.9. Using ROC analysis, the cut-off point is 29.0, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.62. Effect size method derived an MCID of 8.4 with a moderate effect size of 0.5. Multiple linear regression demonstrated increasing age (β = −0.129, CI = −0.245, –0.013, P = .030) and higher preoperative AOFAS score (β = −0.874, CI = −0.644, –0.081, P < .001) to significantly decrease the amount of change in the AOFAS score. Conclusion: The MCID of AOFAS score in hallux valgus surgery was 7.9 to 30.2. The MCID can ensure clinical improvement from a patient’s perspective and also aid in interpreting results from clinical trials and other studies. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.


2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Rashida RIaz ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
Hafiza Ammara Rasheed ◽  
Samia Iqbal

Purpose: To compare the mean difference of visual acuity as measured by auto refraction and subjective refraction. Study Design:  Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:  Department of ophthalmology, Services hospital Lahore from November 2013 to April 2014. Material and Methods:  Using non-probability consecutive sampling 300 eyes of 300 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were recruited through OPD registration slip. Demographic data including age and gender was recorded. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed. This included measurement of refractive error by auto-refraction as well as subjective refraction. Detailed anterior segment examination with slit lamp and dilated fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed. The collected data was analyzed by using software SPSS version 17. Results:  The mean age of patients was 34.71 ± 7.45 years. There were 156 (52%) males and 144 (48%) females. There were 263 (87.69%) patients who had visual acuity of 6/6 and 37 (12.33%) had 6/9. Mean spherical auto-refraction and subjective refraction was 0.0290 ± 2.58 and -0.2842 ± 2.37 D with mean difference of -0.3133 ± 1.27 D. The mean cylindrical auto and subjective refraction in this study was -.9742 ± 0.78 D and -0.7500 ± 0.81 D and mean difference was 0.2242 ± 0.74 D. The mean cylindrical axis of auto and subjective refraction was 114.88 ± 49.75 and 115.60 ± 49.70 with mean difference as 0.72 ± 3.02 D (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion:  Difference of spherical, cylindrical and cylindrical axis in auto and subjective refraction was significantly different.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Yeti Septiasari

Perbedaan Hemoglobin Remaja Putri Yang Mendapatkan Dengan Yang Tidak Mendapatkan Tablet Tambah Darah Pemerintah Kabupaten Pringsewu saat ini telah menjalankan program PPAGB untuk menanggulangi anemia pada remaja. Salah satu Puskesmas yang menjalankannya adalah Puskesmas Ambarawa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui Perbedaan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Remaja Putri Yang Mendapatkan Tablet Tambah Darah Pemerintah Di SMA Wilayah Kerja  Puskesmas Ambarawa. penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini memiliki dua variabel  independen (bebas) yaitu perbedaan kadar hemoglobin remaja putri yang di SMA Ambarawa  yang mendapat TTD Pemerintah dan yang tidak mendapatkan TTD Pemerintah di SMA Ambarawa. Jadi total sampel adalah 50 orang. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah random sampling. instrument pengukuran kadar hemoglobin dengan menggunakan rapid test. Analisis data menggunakan uji T-test independent tidak berpasangan dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian didapatkan remaja yang rutin mendapatkan tablet fe sebanyak 52%. Rata-rata kadar hemoglobin pada remaja yang mendapatkan suplementasi fe adalah 11,5(1,79) gr/dl. rata-rata kadar hemoglobin pada remaja yang mendapatkan suplementasi fe adalah 11,5(1,79) gr/dl. Didapatkan nilai Mean Difference sebesar -0,2298,  Hasil uji statistik didapatkan p value 0,657. Hal ini berarti Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak sehingga dapat disimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan Kadar Hemoglobin remaja putri yang mendapatkan program intervensi suplementasi Fe dengan yang tidak mendapatkan suplementasi fe di SMA wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ambarawa


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Leo Jumadi Simanjuntak ◽  
Patrick Anando Simanjuntak

Background: Estimated fetal weight (EFW) is important to determine mode of delivery. The use of estimated fetal weight based on fundal height has been widely used, but the use on overweight mothers is still limited. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the Johnson’s and Risanto’s formula in estimating fetal weight on overweight mothers. Method: The design used was cross-sectional, conducted at Mitra Sejati, Herna, and Methodist Sussana Wesley hospital on November 2019 until January 2020. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare EFW mean differences between Johnson’s and Risanto’s to actual birth weight. Paired t-test was used to compare EFW mean differences between Johnson’s and Risanto’s. Results: There were 103 overweight pregnant mothers fulfilling study criteria. The BMI mean was 31,26 ± 5l,54 kg/m2. Both Johnson’s and Risanto’s formula had no significant mean difference compare to actual birth weight, of 332,45 gram on Johnson’s (p value = 0,070) and 298,57 gram on Risanto’s (p value = 0,863). The mean difference between Risanto’s formula and actual birth weight was significantly lower than Johnson’s (mean difference = 33,88 gram, p value = 0,01). Conclusions: EFW measurement using Johnson’s and Risanto’s formula based on fundal height can be applied and used properly by health care workers. Risanto’s formula was more accurate to estimate fetal weight than Johnson’s in overweight mothers.   Latar belakang: Menentukan taksiran berat janin (TBJ) adalah penting bagi penolong persalinan untuk menentukan jenis persalinan. Pengukuran TBJ menggunakan tinggi fundus uterus merupakan metode yang banyak digunakan, namun penggunaan pada ibu hamil dengan berat badan berlebih masih terbatas. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan rumus Johnson dan rumus Risanto dalam menentukan TBJ pada ibu hamil dengan berat badan berlebih. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang, data diambil di RSU Mitra Sejati, RSU Herna, dan RSU Methodist Sussana Wesley pada November 2019 – Januari 2020. Dilakukan uji Mann-Whitney untuk membandingkan perbedaan rerata TBJ dengan rumus Johnson dan Risanto dengan berat badan lahir. Uji-t berpasangan digunakan untuk membandingkan perbedaan rerata TBJ dengan rumus Johnson dan Risanto. Hasil: Didapatkan 103 ibu hamil yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dengan rerata IMT 31,26 ± 5l,54 kg/m2. Terdapat perbedaan rerata TBJ rumus Johnson dan rumus Risanto dibandingkan berat badan lahir sebesar 332,45 gram dan 298,57 gram. Tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata bermakna antara penghitungan TBJ menggunakan rumus Johnson dengan berat badan lahir (p = 0,070) dan rumus Risanto dengan berat badan lahir (p = 0,863). Perbedaan selisih TBJ Risanto dengan berat badan lahir lebih rendah dibandingkan selisih TBJ Johnson dengan berat badan lahir, yaitu sebesar 33,88 gram dan bermakna secara statistik (p = 0,01). Kesimpulan: Pengukuran TBJ menggunakan rumus Johnson dan rumus Risanto dapat diterapkan dan digunakan dengan baik oleh tenaga medis. Rumus Risanto memiliki tingkat ketepatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan rumus Johnson dalam menentukan TBJ pada ibu hamil dengan berat badan berlebih.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Nino Adib Chifdillah ◽  
Kurniati Dwi Utami ◽  
Ratnawati Ratnawati

Abstract Indonesia is country with the fourth highest prevalence of stunting among under 5-years old children in the world and the second highest of that in Southern Asia. Maternal factors is so important because they become the main determinants  and source of stunting prevention. This research aimed to analyze the sociodemography, parenting and food intake of mother as determinant of stunting. The research was cross sectional study with 97 under 5-years old children in chosen Posyandu. Measurement of body height of mother and under 5-years old children who had stood by microtoise. Meanwhile measurement of under 5-years old children who had not stood by length board. There were three variables related to stunting among under 5-years old children. They are parity (p-value=0,017), the height of mother (p-value=0,009) and the level of income (p-value=0,036). The most dominant variable related to stunting among under 5-years old children was the height of mother (OR=3,1). Determinants of stunting among under 5-years old children were parity, height of mother and the level of income.   Keywords: stunting, under 5-years old children, height of mother     Abstrak Indonesia adalah negara dengan prevalensi balita stunting terbesar keempat di dunia dan tertinggi kedua di wilayah Asia Tenggara. Faktor ibu layak menjadi perhatian karena menjadi determinan dan sumber utama pencegahan stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor sosiodemografi ibu, pola asuh dan asupan makanan sebagai determinan stunting. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 97 balita yang terdaftar di Posyandu. Pengukuran tinggi badan ibu dan balita yang sudah bisa berdiri menggunakan microtoise. Sementara pengukuran panjang badan balita yang belum bisa berdiri menggunakan length board. Terdapat tiga variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Ketiga variabel tersebut adalah paritas (p-value=0,017), tinggi badan ibu (p-value=0,009) dan tingkat pendapatan            (p-value=0,036). Variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita adalah tinggi badan ibu (OR=3,1). Determinan stunting balita antara lain faktor paritas, tinggi badan ibu dan tingkat pendapatanAbstrak dalam Bahasa Indonesia.   Kata Kunci: stunting, balita, tinggi badan ibu


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Puji Nurfauziatul Hasanah ◽  
Fitri Haryanti ◽  
Lely Lusmilasari

Orang tua yang memiliki anak terdiagnosis kanker mengalami perubahan dalamkehidupannya. Kompleksitas rangkaian pengobatan kanker yang dihadapi mengharuskanorang tua memiliki resiliensi untuk bertahan dalam situasi krisis. Tujuan penelitianini untuk mengetahui hubungan stres pengasuhan dengan resiliensi orang tua anakpenyandang kanker di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakanRancangan Cross-sectional yang dilakukan mulai November s.d Desember 2018 terhadap72 responden orang tua anak dengan kanker yang diambil dengan menggunakan TeknikConsecutive Sampling. Pengukuran resiliensi dinilai dengan instrumen The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-25INDO sedangkan stres pengasuhan dinilai dengan ParentalStress Scale versi bahasa Indonesia. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan UjiChi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata resiliensi orang tua anakpenyandang kanker sebesar 62,2. Mayoritas orang tua anak memiliki tingkat resiliensitinggi (55,5%). Nilai rata-rata stres pengasuhan orang tua sebesar 37,9. Tidak ada perbedaanjumlah orang tua anak penyandang kanker dengan stes pengasuhan tinggi (50,0%) danstres pengasuhan rendah (50,0%). Hasil Uji Chi-Square menunjukan p-value = 0,000(<0,05) yang bermakna ada hubungan stres pengasuhan dengan resiliensi orang tua anakpenyandang kanker. Hasil penelitian menunjukan stres pengasuhan berhubungan denganresiliensi orang tua. Faktor tersebut penting dalam perencanaan strategi intervensi dalamupaya meningkatkan resiliensi orang tua anak penyandang kanker.


Author(s):  
Naila Ikram ◽  
Shehzada A. A. Babar ◽  
Tahir Aslam ◽  
Hira Malik ◽  
Natasha Zahid ◽  
...  

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The association of cholecystectomy with alterations in lipid profile is well documented. Objectives of this study were to determine the effect of cholecystectomy on lipid profile of cholelithiasis patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional observational study was done on 170 patients admitted in general surgery department of Naz Memorial Hospital, Karachi from July 2018 to June 2019. Symptomatic cholelithaisis patients between 18 to 60 years, elective cholecystectomy was included while patients previously on lipid lowering agents, diagnosed renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, cardiac failure, pregnant mothers, hypothyroidism, pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice were excluded. For data analysis, SPSS was used. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to compare mean values of pre and post-operative lipid profiles after cholecystectomy keeping p value of &lt;0.05 as significant.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 60% of patients were females with majority, 31% patients between 31-40 years while least, i.e. 11% were between 61-70 years. The mean pre-operative and post-operative difference of 52±7.32 mg/dl was seen in total cholesterol levels (p&lt;0.001). The mean difference in high density lipoprotein (HDL) between pre and post-operative was of 13±0.36 mg/dl (p&lt;0.001). The mean difference in low density lipoprotein (LDL) between pre- and post-operative was 61±10.45 mg/dl (p&lt;0.001). The mean difference in triglycerides levels between pre- and post-operative was 46±25.49 mg/dl (p&lt;0.001).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Cholecystectomy in gall stone disease patients elicited favorable response in significantly lowering levels of total serum cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides while substantially increasing levels of HDL cholesterol.</p><p> </p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Karina Karina ◽  
Hilda Zulkifli ◽  
Novrikasari Novrikasari

Sektor kesehatan berisiko menimbulkan stres kerja tak terkecuali pada perawat wanita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka stres kerja berdasarkan sumber stres kerja pada perawat wanita di RS. X Palembang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 54 orang perawat wanita di RS. X Palembang. Data diambil menggunakan Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) versi Bahasa Indonesia. Responden dengan nilai di atas rerata sebanyak 21 orang (38,9%) untuk skor total, Subskala Kematian dan Sekarat sebanyak 28 orang (51,9%), Subskala Konflik dengan Dokter sebanyak 24 orang (44,4%), Subskala Tidak Cukup Persiapan sebanyak 32 orang (59,3%), Subskala Permasalahan dengan Teman Kerja sebanyak 23 orang (42,6%), Subskala Permasalahan dengan Supervisor/Atasan 22 orang (40,7%), Subskala Ketidakjelasan Pengobatan dengan responden sebanyak 22 orang (40,7%), Subskala Permasalahan dengan Pasien sebanyak 29 orang (53,7%), dan Subskala Beban Kerja sebanyak 24 orang (44,4%). Uji Chi-Square yang dilakukan mendapatkan ­p-value yang berbeda pada setiap variabel yaitu, usia (p-value = 0,445), status gizi (p-value = 0,802), masa kerja (p-value = 0,025), kebiasaan olahraga (p-value = 0,268), dan tingkat pendidikan (p-value = 0,076). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada stres kerja dengan masa kerja dan Subskala Tidak Cukup Persiapan merupakan sumber stres kerja dengan angka tertinggi.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Nino Adib Chifdillah ◽  
Kurniati Dwi Utami ◽  
Ratnawati Ratnawati

Abstract Indonesia is country with the fourth highest prevalence of stunting among under 5-years old children in the world and the second highest of that in Southern Asia. Maternal factors is so important because they become the main determinants  and source of stunting prevention. This research aimed to analyze the sociodemography, parenting and food intake of mother as determinant of stunting. The research was cross sectional study with 97 under 5-years old children in chosen Posyandu. Measurement of body height of mother and under 5-years old children who had stood by microtoise. Meanwhile measurement of under 5-years old children who had not stood by length board. There were three variables related to stunting among under 5-years old children. They are parity (p-value=0,017), the height of mother (p-value=0,009) and the level of income (p-value=0,036). The most dominant variable related to stunting among under 5-years old children was the height of mother (OR=3,1). Determinants of stunting among under 5-years old children were parity, height of mother and the level of income.   Keywords: stunting, under 5-years old children, height of mother     Abstrak Indonesia adalah negara dengan prevalensi balita stunting terbesar keempat di dunia dan tertinggi kedua di wilayah Asia Tenggara. Faktor ibu layak menjadi perhatian karena menjadi determinan dan sumber utama pencegahan stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor sosiodemografi ibu, pola asuh dan asupan makanan sebagai determinan stunting. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 97 balita yang terdaftar di Posyandu. Pengukuran tinggi badan ibu dan balita yang sudah bisa berdiri menggunakan microtoise. Sementara pengukuran panjang badan balita yang belum bisa berdiri menggunakan length board. Terdapat tiga variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Ketiga variabel tersebut adalah paritas (p-value=0,017), tinggi badan ibu (p-value=0,009) dan tingkat pendapatan            (p-value=0,036). Variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita adalah tinggi badan ibu (OR=3,1). Determinan stunting balita antara lain faktor paritas, tinggi badan ibu dan tingkat pendapatanAbstrak dalam Bahasa Indonesia.   Kata Kunci: stunting, balita, tinggi badan ibu


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