scholarly journals Nowe oblicze muzeum. Jak przekształciło się Muzeum Zwycięstwa – Centralne Muzeum Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej 1941–1945 – w Moskwie do czasu świętowania 75-lecia zwycięstwa

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Strokanow

The attitude to history in any country depends on its current challenges and those that people will have to face in the future. In this regard, the vision of the past and the collective memory change with each new generation. The Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) is the main historical event in contemporary Russia. Having rejected the old vision of the twentieth-century events which have been previously considered the most significant, such as the Bolshevik Revolution, contemporary Russia has retained a vision of its place and role in World War II. This is evidenced by the celebrations of the 75th anniversary of its victory in the war. The Museum of the Great Patriotic War (Victory Museum) in Moscow plays a significant role in celebrating this anniversary and creating the overall image of the war. The Victory Museum deals with preserving the memory of the war and educating young generations about this historical period. The museum has done a lot to reconstruct and update most of the exhibitions and change the nature of its activities. This article analyses this reconstruction process, new exhibitions in the museum and its new forms of work with visitors, particularly the young generation of Russian people. The author analyses how the exhibits have been transformed from traditional to multimedia ones and pays special attention to their interactive and communicative aspects, which have changed the role of visitors and the museum.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
T. G. Nekhaeva

The article examines publication of statistical data commemorating the anniversaries of the USSR Victory in the Great Patriotic War as the most important information sources for an objective analysis of historical events. The reason for writing this article was the release of the statistical handbook of Rosstat, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory. In the introduction, the author argues the current urgency of issues addressed in the article caused by information warfare aimed at distorting the historical truth about the role of our country in the anti-Hitler coalition and the defeat of fascism in the World War II. The body of the article describes the concept and content of the anniversary edition. An important point of the article is the analysis of data sources used in the preparation of the handbook. The author reviews the anniversary handbook structure that includes a preface and the following sections: Population, Economic, Living conditions, Mobilization of population, Partisan movement, Evacuation during the war, Casualties and losses during the war, Military memorials and cemeteries, State awards, References. It is noted that the handbook maintains the tradition of previous statistical publications dedicated to the anniversaries of the Great Victory. Lastly, the author substantiates the novelty of data presented in the anniversary handbook and the logical structure of statistical materials in it. The author draws conclusions about the paramount importance of, and need to continue popularization of data on the great exploits of the Soviet people during the war and to introduce new statistical information into scientific circulation, which is causing further comprehension of primary information sources about the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Saassylana Sivtseva ◽  
Olga Parfenova

The historical and cultural heritage, expressed in monuments, architectural structures, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, today is significant. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of society in perpetuating the memory of the Great Patriotic War. The authors conclude that the events of World War II find a lively response from the public. At the same time, new tendencies in commemorative practices are traced - tragic pages of history that until recently were “uncomfortable” (and in Soviet times banned for research), such as human losses, extremely high mortality of the civilian population from hunger, forcibly transferred to special settlements, - began to be reflected in the construction of monuments, memorable places. The location of these monuments is specific - they were erected at a certain distance from public places, at the territories of churches (victims of famine, victims of political repressions), which is associated with the predicted ambiguity of their perception.


Author(s):  
Srinivas Melkote ◽  
H. Leslie Steeves

The decades that immediately followed World War II witnessed the political independence of most of the so-called Third World from colonization and the birth of the United Nations, marking the formal beginning of development and directed social change to facilitate it. The role of communication in development (devcom) has evolved according to the overarching goals of the development programs and theories during each historical period since then. The process of modernization, in which devcom was initially nurtured, was influenced by quantitative and empirical social sciences theory, philosophy, and methodology; in particular, it had a strong economics orientation. It has been one of the most powerful paradigms in development study and practice to originate after World War II, with enormous economic, social, and cultural consequences. Concepts and theories that articulated the development of Western Europe and North America were used by sociologists, economists, political scientists, anthropologists, and others to generate development models for countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Mass media were accorded a central position in the modernization paradigm. The use of media for transmission of information and for persuasion, derived from World War II–related psychological warfare research in the United States, were transferred to areas such as extension education, instruction, agricultural, and health extension in development. By the 1970s, the concept of development and change expanded to include many more types of social change guided by different theories, disciplinary influences, geographical considerations, and methodologies. Change now included a widely participatory process of social change in a society and included social and cultural aspects besides the economic. While the participatory mode of communication for development programs and activities was a welcome addition to the devcom toolbox, the definitions of participation reflected a wide variety of approaches. In many contexts, the level of participation required by the people was low and perfunctory. Toward the end of the 1980s, the concept and practice of empowerment expanded upon the earlier objective of participation in development communication models and practice. Broadly, empowerment is a process by which individuals, organizations, and communities gain control and mastery over their social and economic conditions. The concept and practice of empowerment posed a challenge to the identity and practice of development communication. It changed the way communication was conceptualized earlier and used in development and change work. At present, social justice within the processes of development and social change has gained traction and urgency. In the last 40 years, there has been a steep increase in income inequality and individual opportunity globally. Millions of people are still exposed to life-threatening diseases, malnutrition, hunger, and other debilitating conditions, and have very limited access to basic resources, such as education and healthcare. What are the progressive alternatives to the neoliberal model of directed change? What should be the place and role of devcom in alternative approaches? These concerns are addressed by anchoring ideas within a critical theory of social change for social justice.


Target ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneleen Spiessens

Abstract In Russian media and statements by Kremlin officials, the current war in Ukraine is regularly imagined through the lens of World War II. Protection of ethnic kins in Crimea against their local “fascist” government is even invoked to justify the annexation of the peninsula in March 2014. A narrative analysis of a corpus consisting of 770 English and French newspaper articles and 39 translations demonstrates how the Russian news translation website InoSMI re-interprets Western reports on the Crimean crisis by triggering “deep memory” (Wertsch 2008a, 2008b) of the Great Patriotic War. Through selective appropriation, translation shifts and manipulation of visual material, the internet portal highlights particular aspects of the WW II narrative template that activate simplified schemata opposing Russian “patriots” and Ukrainian “fascists.” The paper thus underscores the role of news translation as ideological memory-work.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Kryukov ◽  
Daniil Korabelnikov ◽  
Marina Ovchinnikova

To the 75th anniversary of appellation the name of The Red Army Main Military Hospital to The 1-st Moscow Communist Military Hospital the history of Moscow hospital opening in 1706-1707 was briefly described. Scientific and medical breakthroughs and increasing role of the hospital as a medical, educational and scientific institution for a Red Army military medical service in 1917-1945 was shown in more details. It also included intensive complicated hospital operation period during The Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 (as a part of World War II).


KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Irina Lukinova ◽  
Svetlana Paletskaya

This article proposes the author's concept of a key indicator for assessing the adequacy of geopolitics in the modern world; as such an indicator, the most key, largely unconditional and absolute, historical event of the last century was chosen - the USSR's Victory over fascist Germany and its allies, the result of which was the geopolitical system of the world, fixed by the documents of the Yalta Conference, which allowed for a relatively long time to ensure the relatively peaceful existence of countries and peoples. At present, Western countries led by the United States are making large-scale efforts aimed at dismantling this global geopolitical structure in order to establish completely different orders and realities in the world. For the complete destruction of the former world, established after the end of World War II, the West seeks to completely falsify its main results, especially the decisive role of the USSR in defeating fascist Germany, its allies and satellites. For this, an unprecedented attack was launched precisely on the Victory of the USSR; under these conditions, this key historical event becomes the main measure, a key indicator of the assessment of modern geopolitical realities of the world as a whole, as well as individual phenomena and processes of the modern historical era. Two main and interconnected features of the modern historical era (called by the author as the "1984 era") are revealed and justified: 1) its geopolitical-destructive nature; 2) its intentional design essence.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Krausz

This study analyses how Hungarian historiography reflects the revision of the results of the Great Patriotic War. From the position of the ideas of totalitarianism, Hungarian historian Krisztián Ungváry equals the roles of Nazi Germany and the USSR played in World War II, thus equating the two regimes. A number of Hungarian historians distort the role of the Hungarian occupation army in the genocide on Soviet territory and falsify the history of the partisan war, ignoring the peculiar annihilative character of the Nazi war in the East. Ungváry completely overlooks the fundamental differences between the fates of German and Soviet prisoners of war. This study aims to provide a brief overview of the reasons for this distorted approach. The second part of the publication mostly focuses on the falsification of sources and the neglect of objective statistics. The neglect of documents from Russian archives in national Hungarian historiography, caused by misunderstood patriotism, is capable of not only splitting public opinion but is also very distant from the principles of academic scholarship.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-277
Author(s):  
Мирослава Мамич

Research aim is to identify the phenomena of verbal vulgarization of children’s cartoon discourse, to determine their functional-semantic loads and registers of reduced emotional evaluation, as well as the main socio-cultural types of corporate vulgar behavior. Research Methods. The study of the vulgarization of children’s media content was carried out with the help of: a) theoretical methods, b) psycholinguistic empirical methods – discourse-analysis of vulgarized dialogical situations; questionnaire related to the testing of registers of dialogical situations in cinema texts among the audience of student’s youth (80 humanitarian students (specialty “Journalism”) of the National University “Odesa Law Academy” aged 17-20 years). Results. The didactic role of animated cinema texts in the formation of media culture is noted. It was proposed the practical analysis of the modern children’s cartoons language in the context of the systematization of markers of affective vulgarity, such as slangisms, jargonisms, elements of common language, obscenisms. On the basis of a survey and psycholinguistic experiment, a stylistic evaluation of the perception of the selected lexical-phraseological material as such that contains the connotation “vulgarity” was confirmed, the attitude of the young generation of viewers to vulgarized cinema text was revealed. Conclusions. Among the main conclusions we may note that as a result of language vulgarization of modern consciousness, in particular children, the so-called conceptual sphere of human activity is changing. The new generation of viewers is focused on low, coarse communication, on the weakening of the feeling of beautiful, on the positive perception of the appropriate aesthetics of everyday life. According to the results of the questionnaire, these cinema texts are perceived neutral by 55 students, positively – 21 students, negatively – 4 students. The language of cartoon characters, which represent certain social groups of real society, is seen as the norm for any situation, and grumpiness, disrespect, psycho-emotional imbalance are seen as their “organic” color. Therefore, the majority, or the vast majority of the respondents, correlated the lexical-phraseological units as jargon that is, acceptable in the youth environment. Modern foreign animation that is presented as translated cinema text, loses the important function of being a mediadidactive source, that is, the medium of producing patterns of individual and collective linguistic behavior.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Sergey Vinogradov ◽  
Yuliya Eshchenko

Based on a large number of archival documents, some of which are being put into scientific circulation for the first time, and the latest works of Russian historians and specialists on World War II, the article gives a new look at the role of the economy of the Astrakhan district/region during the Great Patriotic War. The authors came to the conclusion that the Soviet leadership managed to effectively dispose of the natural resources and geopolitical position of this territory, thereby strengthening the country’s military and economic potential.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G. Tazhidinova

Статья посвящена процессам медиатизации, сопровождавшим первый открытый суд над пособниками немецко-фашистских захватчиков, состоявшийся в городе Краснодаре 14-17 июля 1943 г. и имевший огромный общественный резонанс. С него начался Советский Нюрнберг - ряд открытых судебных процессов, касающихся преступлений, совершенных гитлеровцами и их пособниками в СССР в период Великой Отечественной войны. Тем не менее до настоящего времени роль Краснодарского процесса 1943 г. не оценена в достаточной степени, что связано с проблемами источниковой базы (недоверие к официальным источникам, отсутствие неофициальных источников), влиянием идеологического фактора (мифологизация событий войны), исследовательскими предпочтениями в пользу тех трибуналов, в ходе которых были осуждены непосредственно немецкофашистские захватчики. Данное исследование реконструирует подготовку Краснодарского трибунала и, прежде всего, ту работу, которую проделали в этом направлении советские печатные СМИ. Используя метод контент-анализа публикаций в советской печатной периодике (региональная газета Большевик центральная газета Известия ) в первой половине 1943 г., мы раскрываем роль советских печатных СМИ в подготовке оснований для судебного преследования немецко-фашистских захватчиков и их пособников за преступления, совершенные в период Великой Отечественной войны. Эта роль заключалась в утверждении пропагандистских установок политики возмездия , нагнетании ненависти к врагу на эмоциональном уровне. Объективным основанием для такого ракурса выступала статистика и детализация зверств гитлеровцев на освобождаемых от оккупации территориях страны. Относительно презентации Краснодарского процесса в июле 1943 г. в советских СМИ можно заключить, что ее отличали масштабность, цельность и полное соответствие идеологическим стандартам. Центральным звеном этой презентации стала хроника судебных заседаний 14 17 июля. Вплоть до настоящего времени хроника остается основным источником сведений о ходе и особенностях первого открытого суда над военными преступниками. Эти материалы вызвали широкий общественный резонанс не только в СССР, но и в мире. При анализе характерных особенностей презентации Краснодарского трибунала мы уделили основное внимание авторским статьям видных советских журналистов. Суд в Краснодаре освещали мэтры советской журналистики Е. Кононенко и М. Мержанов. В своих очерках они специально сосредоточили внимание на пособниках врага, оказавшихся на скамье подсудимых. Журналисты настойчиво утверждали, что в скором времени суд ожидает главных преступников, то есть самих гитлеровцев. В целом можно заключить, что масштабное и последовательное освещение темы военных преступлений на территории СССР и наступающего возмездия за них в советских печатных СМИ позволяло эффективно решать актуальные внутриполитические и внешнеполитические задачи.The article analyzes the processes of mediaization, which accompanied the historical event of the first open trial of the accomplices of the German-Fascist invaders. It began with a Soviet Nuremberg - a series of open trials of crimes committed by the Nazis and their accomplices in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. However, to date, the role of the Krasnodar Trial in 1943 has not been adequately assessed. This is due to the problems with the sources (mistrust of official sources, lack of unofficial ones), to the influence of the ideological factor (mythologization of the events of war), research preferences in favor of tribunals that convicted the GermanFascist invaders. This article reconstructs the preparation of the Krasnodar Trial and, above all, the work that the Soviet print media did in this respect. Using the method of content analysis of publications in the Soviet printed periodicals (regional newspaper Bolshevik central newspaper Izvestia) in the first half of 1943, the author reveals the role of the Soviet printed media in the preparation of the grounds for prosecuting the Nazi invaders and their accomplices for crimes committed during the Great Patriotic War. This role consisted in asserting the propaganda attitudes of the policy of retaliation, forging up hatred towards the enemy on an emotional level. The objective basis for such an attitude was the statistics and detailing of the Nazis' atrocities in the countrys liberated territories. The features of presentation of the Krasnodar Trial in July 1943 in the Soviet media were its scale, integrity and full compliance with ideological standards. The central element of the presentation was the chronicle of court sessions of 14-17 July. Until now, the chronicle remains the main source of information on the course and features of the first open trial of war criminals. These materials produced a strong effect not only in the USSR, but also in the world. When analyzing the characteristic features of the presentation, the author focused on articles by prominent Soviet journalists. The Krasnodar Trial was covered by the professionals of Soviet journalism E. Kononenko and M. Merzhanov. In their articles, they specifically focused on the accomplices of the enemy, caught up in the dock. The journalists insisted that soon a trial was to come of the main criminals, i.e. the Nazis themselves. In general, it can be concluded that the largescale and consistent coverage of the topic of war crimes on the territory of the USSR and the coming retribution for them in the Soviet print media made it possible to effectively solve current domestic political and foreign policy objectives.


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