scholarly journals EFEK DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper Crocatum) TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH DAN GAMBARAN MORFOLOGI ENDOKRIN PANKREAS TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus Norvegicus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liestiono S. Nasi ◽  
Carla F. Kairupan ◽  
Poppy M. Lintong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Langerhans Islets ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstract: Leaves of ’sirih merah‘ (Piper Crocatum) contain compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid and tannin, wich are capable of lowering blood sugar levels. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the administration of ‘sirih merah’ broth on blood sugar levels and histopathological features of pancreatic endocrine. This was a laboratory experimental study which was conducted for five month using 12 wistar rats as objects. The rats were divided into four groups: Group A (negative control), which received no treatment; group B, which were given the broth of ‘sirih merah’ at 2,4 ml; Group C, which were given sugar solution at 2,4 ml; and Group D, which were given the broth (1,2 ml) and sugar solution (1,2 ml). The results revealed that the levels of blood sugar decreased in rats in Groups B and D but increased in Group C. When compared with rats in Group A, the size and the number of Langerhans islets increased in Group C (more than twice). On the contrary, the number of Langerhans islets in Group D was relatively similar with that of Group A. Conclusion: The administration of the broth of ‘sirih merah’ leaves is able to lower blood sugar levels and to cause hyperplasia of pancreatic Langerhans islets.Keywords: leaves of ’sirih merah‘, blood sugar level, langerhans islandAbstrak: Daun sirih merah (Piper Crocatum) mengandung senyawa kimia, seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, dan tanin, yang berkhasiat menurunkan kadar gula darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian air rebusan daun sirih merah terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah dan gambaran morfologik endokrin pankreas. Penelitan ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik yang dilakukan selama lima bulan dengan objek penelitian tikus wistar sebanyak 12 ekor. Tikus dibagi dalam empat , yaitu Kelompok A (kontrol negatif), tikus tidak diberi perlakuan khusus; Kelompok B, tikus diberikan air rebusan daun sirih merah 2,4 ml; Kelompok C tikus diberikan air larutan gula 2,4 ml; dan Kelompok D, tikus diberikan air rebusan daun sirih merah 1,2 ml dan air larutan gula 1,2 ml. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar gula darah menurun pada tikus Kelompok B dan D tetapi meningkat pada Kelompok C. Jika dibandingkan dengan Kelompok A, maka ukuran dan jumlah pulau Langerhans pankreas bertambah namun jumlahnya jauh lebih banyak pada Kelompok C (> dari dua kali lipat). Sebaliknya jumlah pulau Langerhans pada Kelompok D relatif hampir sama dengan yang ditemukan pada Kelompok A. Simpulan: Pemberian air rebusan daun sirih merah dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah dan menyebabkan pulau Langerhans pankreas hiperplasia.Kata kunci: Daun sirih merah, kadar gula darah, pulau Langerhans

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak biji kakao (Theobroma cacao) terhadap jumlah pigmen melanin kulit tikus Wistar (Rattus novergicus) yang dipapar sinar matahari

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koernia H. Yonathan ◽  
Poppy M. Lintong ◽  
Meilany F. Durry
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstract: Excessive exposure of sunlight may cause hyperpigmentation. Cocoa is a beneficial plant to the skin. This study was aimed to reveal the effect of cocoa bean extracts on the number of melanin pigments in rat skin after sun exposure. This was an experimental study using 25 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into one control group and four treatment groups. The treatment consisted of sunlight exposure for one hour/day and application of cocoa bean extract 1600 mg/day that varied among treatment groups. Group A was the negative control group (terminated at day 21). Group B, the treatment group 1, was exposed to sunlight for 30 days (terminated at day 31). Group C, the treatment group 2, was exposed to sunlight for 20 days (terminated at day 31). Group D, the treatment group 3, was divided into group D1 consisted of 2 rats and group D2 consisted of 3 rats. Group D1 was exposed to sunlight 30 minutes after the application of cocoa bean extract for 20 days (terminated at day 21). Group D2 was exposed to sunlight 30 minutes after the application of cocoa bean extract for 30 days (terminated at day 31). Group E was exposed to sunlight for 20 days and continued with the application of cocoa bean extract for the next 10 days (terminated at day 3). The results showed that sunlight exposure increased the number of melanin pigments in group B and C compared to group A. Group D showed fewer melanin pigments than group B and C. Group E showed fewer melanin pigments than group B, C, and D. Conclusion: Cocoa bean extract could reduce the number of skin melanin pigments in rats exposed to sunlight.Keywords: cocoa beans extract, sunlight, melanin pigment, skin Abstrak: Paparan sinar matahari yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan hiperpigmentasi. Kakao merupakan tanaman yang berkhasiat untuk pemeliharaan kesehatan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengolesan ekstrak biji kakao dan pemaparan sinar matahari terhadap jumlah pigmen melanin kulit tikus Wistar. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan menggunakan 25 tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang dibagi menjadi satu kelompok kontrol dan empat kelompok perlakuan. Perlakuan yang diberikan ialah paparan sinar matahari selama 1 jam/hari dan aplikasi ekstrak biji kakao dosis 1600 mg/hari yang bervariasi untuk masing-masing kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok A merupakan kontrol negatif (diterminasi hari ke-21). Kelompok B ialah kelompok perlakuan 1, diberi paparan sinar matahari selama 30 hari (diterminasi pada hari ke-31). Kelompok C ialah kelompok perlakuan 2, diberi paparan sinar matahari selama 20 hari (diterminasi hari ke-31). Kelompok D ialah kelompok perlakuan 3 yang dibagi menjadi kelompok D1 terdiri dari 2 tikus dan D2 dari 3 tikus. Kelompok D1 diberi paparan sinar matahari setelah diolesi ekstrak biji kakao 30 menit sebelumnya selama 20 hari (diterminasi hari ke-21). Kelompok D2 diberi paparan sinar matahari selama 1 jam setelah diolesi ekstrak biji kakao 30 menit sebelumnya selama 30 hari (diterminasi pada hari ke-31). Kelompok E ialah kelompok perlakuan 4 yang diberi paparan sinar matahari 20 hari dan dilanjutkan dengan pengolesan ekstrak biji kakao untuk 10 hari berikutnya (diterminasi hari ke-31). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kelompok B dan C menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pigmen melanin dibandingkan kelompok A. Kelompok D menunjukkan jumlah pigmen melanin yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan kelompok B dan C. Kelompok E menunjukkan jumlah pigmen melanin yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan kelompok B, C, dan D. Simpulan: Ekstrak biji kakao dapat mengurangi jumlah pigmen melanin kulit tikus Wistar yang dipapar sinar matahari. Kata kunci: ekstrak biji kakao, sinar matahari, pigmen melanin kulit

scholarly journals Gambaran histopatologik hati tikus Wistar yang diberi ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) setelah diinduksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satriani Syahrin ◽  
Carla Kairupan ◽  
Lily Loho
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

Abstract: Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a traditional plant, which is known to treat liver disease. The effect of moringa is related to the antioxidant activity of its compounds such as quercetin and flavonoid silymarin which are useful as liver protector. Carbon tetraclorida is a hepatotoxic substance that is usually used as an inducer of liver damage in studies related to hepatoprotector activity of a substance. This study aimed to describe liver histopathological features of Wistar rats fed with moringa leaf extract after CCl4 induction. This was an experimental study using 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into 4 groups. Group A, the negative control, was terminated at day 6th, and the other groups (B, C, and D) were induced with CCl4 0.05 cc/day for 5 days. After CCl4 induction, group B were terminated at day 6th; group C was treated with moringa leaf extract 100 mg/day for 5 days and was terminated at day 11th; group D received no treatment for 5 days and was terminated at day 11th. The results showed that groups induced with CCl4 for 5 days showed the presence of inflammatory cells and fatty cells. The groups treated with moringa leaf extract 100mg/day for 5 days after CCl4 induction 0.05 cc/day exhibited regeneration of liver cells in nearly all lobules. Conclusion: Administration of moringa leaf extract of 100mg/day could accelerate liver cell regeneration of Wistar rats after induction of CCl4 0.05cc/day.Keywords: moringa leaf extract, carbon tetrachloride, histopathologogical image of liverAbstrak: Kelor merupakan tanaman tradisional yang diketahui dapat mengobati penyakit hati. Khasiat obat tanaman kelor dihubungkan dengan kandungan senyawa kimia quercetin dan silymarin golongan flavonoid dengan aktivitas antioksidan yang dapat melindungi dan mengobati kerusakan hati. Karbon tetraklorida merupakan zat hepatotoksik yang lazim dipakai sebagai penginduksi kerusakan hati dalam pengujian aktivitas hepatoprotektor suatu zat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran histopatologik hati tikus wistar yang diberi ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) setelah diinduksi CCl4. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental menggunakan 24 ekor tikus Wistar spesies Rattus norvegicus yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok. Kelompok A merupakan kelompok kontrol negatif, diterminasi pada hari ke-6; kelompok B,C, dan D (kelompok perlakuan) diberi CCl4 dengan dosis 0,05 cc/hari selama 5 hari. Setelah pemberian CCl4, kelompok B langsung diterminasi pada hari ke-6; kelompok C diberi ekstrak daun kelor 100 mg/hari selama 5 hari, diterminasi pada hari ke-11; kelompok D tidak diberi perlakuan selama 5 hari, diterminasi pada hari ke-11. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok tikus yang diinduksi CCl4 selama 5 hari secara histopatologik memperlihatkan sel-sel radang dan perlemakan sel. Kelompok tikus yang diberi ekstrak daun kelor 100 mg/hari selama 5 hari setelah diinduksi CCl4 0,05 cc/hari menunjukkan regenerasi sel hati, hampir di seluruh lobuli hati. Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak daun kelor 100 mg/hari setelah induksi CCl4 0,05 cc/hari dapat mempercepat regenerasi sel hati tikus Wistar yang mengalami cedera akibat CCl4.Kata kunci: ekstrak daun kelor, karbon tetraklorida, gambaran histopatologik hati

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COADMINISTRATION OF AMODIAQUINE, ARTESUNATE, AND SELENIUM ON PLASMODIUM BERGHEI INFECTED MICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Abiodun Humphrey Adebayo ◽  
Gloria Nwabugwu Okenze ◽  
Omolara Faith Yakubu ◽  
Mobolaji Emmanuel Abikoye
Keyword(s):  
Degenerative Change ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Group D ◽  
Histopathological Effects

Objective: The effect of coadministering artesunate (ART), amodiaquine (AMO), and selenium were studied on mice induced with Plasmodium berghei.Methods: The study was conducted using 6 groups of 6 male mice each. Group A constitutes the negative control (unparasitized) while Group B represents the parasite control (parasitized) group. Mice in Groups C, D, E and F, respectively, received 2 mg/kg bw of ART, 6.12 mg/kg bw of AMO, combination of AMO and ART, and 0.945 mg/kg bw of selenium in addition to ART and AMO for 3 days. Thereafter, animals were anesthetized, and the organs were excised. Liver homogenate was prepared and used for analysis of for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (TP), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde).Results: The results showed no significant alteration in AST and ALT, but ALP was significantly (p<0.05) increased in Group D. In addition, a significant drop (p<0.05) in GSH and SOD activities and significant (p<0.05) increase in TP was observed in group E. Histopathological studies revealed no degenerative change in the morphology of the hepatocytes of mice in Group F whereas Groups D and E showed mild inflammatory cells.Conclusion: Conclusively, the combination of ART-AMO therapy with selenium increases the efficacy and reduces potential toxicity of combined antimalarial drugs.

scholarly journals Combination of Areca catechu , Sauropus androgynous , and Mineral Block is Effective to control Nematode in Goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Henni Vanda ◽  
Muhammad Hambal ◽  
Farida Athailah ◽  
Mustafa Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Group A ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

A study has been conducted to investigate the effect of two local herbs in Indonesia; Areca catechu nut and Sauropus androgynous leaf, combined with mineral block to treat gastro intestinal nematode in goats. A.catechu is well known to have anthelmintic property due to its alkaloid and tannin content, and S.androgynus also contains tannin, alkaloid and steroid that will enhance the anthelmintic property of those herbals.  As many as 80 goats had been divided into 4 groups; 20 were treated with albendazole (Group A), 20 were given A.catechu and S.androgynus (Group B), 20 were given combination of A.catechu, S.androgynus, and mineral block (Group C), and 20 as negative control (Group D). The result revealed that herbal treatment showed significantly effective toward nematodes in gastro intestinal, demonstrated by declining egg worm of Group B and C. Body weight improvement and overall performance in Group C was higher compared to other groups. However, goats treated with albendazole showed slightly better results in the decreasing amount of egg worms found after treatment. Nevertheless, A.catechu and S.androgynus are potential anthelmintic herbal; combination with mineral block will enhance the anthelmintic activity. Therefore they are good options for treating helminthiasis in livestock.   

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN UMBI BENGKUANG (Pachyrrhizus erosus l urban) TERHADAP JUMLAH PIGMEN MELANIN KULIT MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIPAPARKAN SINAR MATAHARI

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Fitrah I H ◽  
Poppy M. Lintong ◽  
Lily L. Loho
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Melanin Pigment ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstract: Exposure to sunlight causes melanocytes activity increased so as to increase the production of melanin pigment. Yam (Pachyrrhizus erosus l urban ) contains vitamin C and starch that are opaque can be used to protect the skin from sun exposure. This study aimed to determine the effect of yam tubers to the amount of melanin pigment of skin of mice exposed to sunlight. The method used in this study is an experimental laboratory to the subject of 20 mice were divided into 4 groups. A group is a negative control, B group mice were given exposure to the sun for 20 days. C group mice jicama juice smeared then exposed to sunlight for 20 days, group D mice exposed to sunlight and then stopped after 20 days followed by administration of yam 10 days. The results of group A has an average number of pigment 7, group B 89.5, group C 36, and group D 7,5. In conclusion exposure to sunlight increases the amount of melanin pigment and giving yam decreases the amount of melanin pigment.Keywords: sunlight, yam, melanin pigmentAbstrak: Paparan sinar matahari menyebabkan aktivitas melanosit meningkat sehingga dapat menambah produksi pigmen melanin. Bengkuang (Pachyrrhizus erosus l urban) mengandung vitamin C dan pati yang bersifat opaque dapat dimanfaatkan untuk melindungi kulit dari paparan sinar matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian umbi bengkuang terhadap jumlah pigmen melanin kulit mencit yang dipaparkan sinar matahari. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah experimental laboratorik dengan subjek 20 ekor mencit yang terbagi dalam 4 kelompok. Kelompok A merupakan kontrol negatif, kelompok B mencit diberi paparan sinar matahari selama 20 hari. Kelompok C mencit dioleskan jus bengkuang lalu dipaparkan sinar matahari selama 20 hari, kelompok D mencit dipaparkan sinar matahari lalu dihentikan setelah 20 hari dilanjutkan dengan pemberian bengkuang 10 hari. Hasilnya kelompok A memiliki jumlah pigmen rata-rata 7, kelompok B 89,5, kelompok C 36, dan kelompok D 7,5. Kesimpulannya paparan sinar matahari meningkatkan jumlah pigmen melanin dan pemberian bengkuang menurunkan jumlah pigmen melanin.Kata kunci: sinar matahari, bengkuang, pigmen melanin

scholarly journals Zeolite as a Bone Bio-Modifier Carrier: An In-Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Mobina Mousavi ◽  
Azadeh Esmaeil Nejad ◽  
Erfan Shamsoddin ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Golabgiran ◽  
Behzad Houshmand
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Function ◽  
Group D

Background: Zeolite is a microporous aluminosilicate compound which has been successfully used in tissue engineering. The effects of Zeolite on the morphology and functions of pre-osteoblastic MG-63 cells as new bone enhancer material is still unclear. Methods: In this vitro experimental study, MTT and Alizarin red staining test were performed on six groups of MG-63 cells which differed in Zeolite (Z) concentration and the presence or absence of Alloplast extract (A). Group A: 0.1&mu;g/mL Z+A, Group B: 0.1&mu;g/mL Z without A, Group C: 0.2&mu;g/mL Z+A, Group D: 0.2&mu;g/mL Z without A, Group E: 0.3&mu;g/mL Z+A, Group F: 0.3&mu;g/mL Z without A. There were also three control groups as positive control, negative control, and Alloplast control based on each related test. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 via one-way ANOVA and Welch test. (P&lt;0.05). Results: At 24 hours, results showed that solutions with 0.1&mu;g/mL, 0.2&mu;g/mL, and 0.3&mu;g/mL Zeolite with or without Alloplast had significantly higher proliferation rates than positive control (distilled water) groups without Alloplast (p&lt;0.001). At 72hours time point, the results showed significantly higher proliferation rates in the solutions with 0.1&mu;g/mL, 0.2&mu;g/mL, and 0.3&mu;g/mL Zeolite with or without Alloplast compared to the positive control group without Alloplast (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Zeolite can increase proliferation of MG-63 cells without presence of Alloplast; It seems that combination of Zeolite with Alloplast maybe enhancing proliferation and function of MG-63 cells.

scholarly journals Honey ameliorates ampiclox-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Eweoya Olugbenga Olawale ◽  
Emmanuel Betty ◽  
Ajayi Abayomi
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
Group D

In an experiment to determine the effect of honey on ampiclox-induced testicular damage in rats, twenty (20) adult Wistar rats Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae) weighing 150-250 g were divided into four groups (A-D) of five rats each. Group A (control) was administered with 0.5 mL distilled water, group B was given freshly prepared honey orally by gavage daily at a dose of 1.2 g/kg body weight (b.wt), group C received ampiclox (50 mg/kg b.wt) daily while group D received ampiclox (50 mg/kg b.wt) and honey (1.2 g/kg b.wt) for a duration of 14 days. Findings indicate that honey significantly reduced ampiclox-induced damage on the testicular histology. It also improved the serum testosterone level and sperm parameters. The study suggests that honey has a protective effect against testicular damage caused by ampiclox.

scholarly journals Efek Ekstrak Buah Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Mencit (Mus musculus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Pitriya ◽  
Nurdin Rahman ◽  
Sri Mulyani Sabang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Control Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Sugar Levels

The plant could be potential as a traditional medicine, relatively safe, and inexpensive, that is of Moringa (moringa oleifera) fruit, which contains compounds those can lower blood sugar levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Moringa fruit extracts on decreasing blood sugar levels of mice and to determine the most effective concentration of the extract. The separation method used was maceration. The animals test used were 15 male mice induced by EDTA. Mice were divided into 5 groups with different treatments. The first, the second, and the third treatments were given moringa extracts each with a concentration of 10, 20, and 40%. The fourth treatment was given glibenclamide suspension as a positive control, and the fifth treatment was given Na-CMC as a negative control. Data were analyzed using a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by Duncan test. The results showed that Moringa fruit extract lowered blood sugar levels of mice. The means decrease of blood sugar levels for each treatments were 49.67 mg/dL for the first, 58.33 mg/dL for the second, 70.33 mg/dL for the third, 66.67 mg/dL for the fourth, and 10.00 mg/dL for the fifth, . This study concluded that the Moringa fruit extract decreased blood sugar levels of mice with the most effective concentration of 10% and α = 0.05.

Survival of classic swine fever virus in hams made from the meat of pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and unvaccinated pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-551
Author(s):  
Heidi Amezcua Hempel ◽  
María Salud Rubio Lozano ◽  
Eliseo Manuel Hernández Baumgarten ◽  
Pablo Correa Girón † ◽  
Oscar Torres Ángeles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Strain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The study was to determine the presence of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFv), in the meat of vaccinated pigs with the PAV-250 strain and then challenged using the same strain. Five treatment groups were established (each with four pigs). Group A: Pigs thatwere fed with processed hams from negative animals; Group B: Pigs that were fed with processed hams from commercial pigs inoculated with the ALD (reference strain) (titre of 104.0/ml); Group C: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs infected with the virulent ALD strain (titre of 102.5/ml); Group D: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (titre of 101.1/ml); and Group E: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with two doses of the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (negative). Blood samples were taken at d 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 for biometric analysis. Groups B, C and D manifested clinical signs of CSFv: 40 °C temperature, anorexia, paralysis, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, hirsute hair and cyanosis. Pigs were slaughtered and necropsies performed to identify lesions in tissues. Results of direct immunofluorescence testing of tissues were positive and the virus was recovered. Under these study conditions, it was found that CSFv resisted the cooking method at 68 °C for 40 min in hams from unvaccinated pigs, and that the virus was able to transmit the disease to healthy unvaccinated pigs, whereas the hams from the vaccinated animals did not transmit the virus.

scholarly journals The Role of Obesity in Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Serdar Sahin ◽  
Havva Sezer ◽  
Ebru Cicek ◽  
Yeliz Yagız Ozogul ◽  
Murat Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aim of this was to describe the predictors of mortality related to COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the association between overweight, obesity, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included the patients &#x3e;18 years of age, with at least one positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Patients were grouped according to body mass index values as normal weight &#x3c;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Group A), overweight from 25 to &#x3c;30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Group B), Class I obesity 30 to &#x3c;35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Group C), and ≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Group D). Mortality, clinical outcomes, laboratory parameters, and comorbidities were compared among 4 groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was no significant difference among study groups in terms of mortality. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation requirement was higher in group B and D than group A, while it was higher in Group D than Group C (Group B vs. Group A [<i>p</i> = 0.017], Group D vs. Group A [<i>p</i> = 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [<i>p</i> = 0.016]). Lung involvement was less common in Group A, and presence of hypoxia was more common in Group D (Group B vs. Group A [<i>p</i> = 0.025], Group D vs. Group A [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [<i>p</i> = 0.006], and Group D vs. Group C [<i>p</i> = 0.014]). The hospitalization rate was lower in Group A than in the other groups; in addition, patients in Group D have the highest rate of hospitalization (Group B vs. Group A [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001], Group C vs. Group A [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001], Group D vs. Group A [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [<i>p</i> = 0.010]). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> COVID-19 patients with overweight and obesity presented with more severe clinical findings. Health-care providers should take into account that people living with overweight and obesity are at higher risk for COVID-19 and its complications.

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