UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI SPONS Liosina paradoxa DARI PERAIRAN DESA TUMBAK MINAHASA TENGGARA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA Staphylococcus aureus,  Escherichia coli, DAN Candida albicans

ABSTRACT Sponges are marine animals, which contain active compounds known to have potential in the pharmaceutical field, including the antimicrobials. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of microorganism growth inhibitors from the sponge Liosina paradoxa against microbes Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Samples were extracted by maceration method with ethanol solvent and fractionation using methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane solvents. Antimicrobial activity was carried out by agar diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer). Methanol fractions of sponge Liosina paradoxa showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli with an average value of 11.33 mm, and categorize as strong, chloroform fraction was 7.33 mm and categorize as medium, and n-hexane fraction was 7.16 mm and categorize as medium, ethanol extracts was 7.83 mm and categorize as moderate antimicrobial activity. Keywords: Liosina paradoxa, Antimicrobial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans. ABSTRAKSpons merupakan merupakan hewan laut yang mengandung senyawa aktif yang diketahui berpotensi dalam bidang farmasi, diantaranya sebagai antimikroba. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas penghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dari spons Liosina paradoxa terhadap mikroba Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans.Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol dan fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, kloroform, dan n-heksan. Aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar (Kirby and Bauer). Fraksi metanol spons Liosina paradoxa menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba paling besar terhadap Escherichia coli dengan nilai rata-rata 11,33 mm, dengan kategori kuat, fraksi kloroform 7,33 mm kategori sedang, fraksi n-hexan 7,16 mm kategori sedang, ekstrak etanol 7,83 mm kategori aktivitas antimikroba sedang. Kata kunci: Liosina paradoxa, antimikroba, Staphylococcus aureus ,Escherichia coli, Candida albicans.

Download Full-text

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI SPONS Aaptos Aaptos TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Candida albicans

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29251 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 168

Author(s):

Sitti N Tunggali ◽

Herny E. I. Simbala ◽

Henki Rotinsulu

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Average Value

ABSTRACT Sponge Aaptos aaptos is a marine biota that has great potential, which can be applied, in the pharmaceutical field because of the presence of large compounds in inhibiting microbial growth. This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of extracts and fractions of sponge Aaptos aaptos on microbial growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The samples were extracted by maceration with 96 % ethanol and fractioned with n-hexane, choloroform and methanol. Testing is done using the Disc Diffusion Agar method. Crude ethanol extract and fraction of sponge Aaptos aaptos showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and categorized as strong, with an average value of 20.32 mm for ethanol extract with strong categories, chloroform fraction 13,28 mm with medium category and methanol fractions 18,48 mm strong category. Keyword: Aaptos aaptos, antimicrobial activity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans. ABSTRAK Spons Aaptos aaptos merupakan biota laut yang memiliki potensi sebagai antimikroba yang dapat diterapkan di bidang farmasi dengan kandungan senyawa yang besar dalam menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas daya hambat dari ekstrak dan fraksi spons Aaptos aaptos terhadap pertumbuhan mikroba Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Candida albicans. Sampel diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan etanol dan difraksinasi dengan pelarut n–heksan, kloroform dan metanol. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Disc Diffusion Agar. Ekstrak kasar etanol dan fraksi dari Spons Aaptos aaptos menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba paling besar terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan dikategorikan kuat, dengan nilai rata – rata 20,32 mm untuk ekstrak etanol dengan kategori kuat, fraksi kloroform 13,28 mm, kategori sedang dan fraksi metanol 18,48 mm kategori kuat.Kata Kunci : Aaptos aaptos, aktivitas antimikroba, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans

Download Full-text

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI SPONS Phyllospongia lamellosa DARI PERAIRAN TUMBAK, MINAHASA TENGGARA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus DAN Candida albicans

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 815

Author(s):

Kartini Ratu ◽

Herny E. I. Simbala ◽

Henki Rotinsulu

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Average Value ◽

Activity Test ◽

Paper Disk ◽

Agar Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Sponges are a component of coral reef biota. These sea animals are known to contain compounds that have the potential to be developed in the field of medicine, including as an antimicrobial. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of Phyllospongia lamellosa sponge against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans collected in the waters of Tumbak, Posumaen District, Southeast Minahasa. The antimicrobial activity test was carried out by agar diffusion method. The results showed that the extract and fraction of Phyllospongia lamellose had antimicrobial activity seen in the inhibition zone formed around the paper disk against the test microbes. Ethanol extrack and fraction from Phyllospongia lamellosa sponge showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans with an average value of 13,33 mm was categorized as strong , than in Staphylococcus aureus with an average value of 13 mm is categorized as strong and on Escherichia coli 11 mm categorized as strong. Keywords :Phyllospongia lamellosa, antimicrobial activity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans ABSTRAK Spons merupakan salah satu komponen biota penyusun terumbu karang. Hewan laut ini diketahui mengandung senyawa- senyawa yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dalam bidang pengobatan, diantaranya sebagai antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba spons Phyllospongia Lamellosa terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Candida albicans yang diambil pada perairan Tumbak Kecamatan Posumaen, Minahasa Tenggara. Uji aktifitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi spons Phyllospongia lamellose memiliki aktifitas antimikroba dilihat zona hambat yang terbentuk disekitar cakram kertas terhadap mikroba uji. Ekstrak etanol dan fraksi dari Spons Phyllospongia lamellosa menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba paling kuat terhadap candida albicans dengan nilai rata-rata 13,33 mm dikategorikan kuat, kemudian pada Staphylococcus aureus dengan nilai rata-rata 13 mm dikategorikan kuat, dan pada Escherichia coli 11 mm dikategorikan kuat. Kata Kunci : Phyllospongia lamellosa, aktivitas antimikroba, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans

Download Full-text

UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI TUNIKATA Lissoclinum patella TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, DAN Candida albicans

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29359 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 825

Author(s):

Yunike E. Ngantung ◽

Herny E. I. Simbala ◽

Henki Rotinsulu

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Solvent Fractionation ◽

Lissoclinum Patella

ABSTRACT Tunicate is one of the marine biota that has the potential to be utilized as a search for bioactive compounds, as prospective drugs in the pharmaceutical world. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of extracts and fractions of Tunicates Lissoclinum patella obtained from the waters of Tumbak Village against the growth of microbes Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Samples were extracted by maceration using ethanol as a solvent. Fractionation using n-hexane, chloroform and methanol. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer). The results showed that the ethanols extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, methanol fraction effectively inhibited the growth of microbes Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans with moderate inhibition strength categories based on Davis and Stout theory. Keywords : Tunicata, Lissoclinum patella, antimicrobial, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. ABSTRAK Tunikata merupakan salah satu biota laut yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pencarian senyawa bioaktif, calon obat di dunia farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba dari ekstrak dan fraksi Tunikata Lissoclinum patella yang diperoleh dari perairan Desa Tumbak terhadap pertumbuhan mikroba Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans. Sampel diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut n-Heksan, kloroform dan metanol. Aktivitas antimikroba diuji menggunakan metode disc diffusion test (Kirby dan Bauer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahkwa ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-Heksan, fraksi kloroform, fraksi metanol efektif menghambat mikroba Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans dengan kategori kekuatan daya hambat sedang berdasarkan teori Davis dan Stout. Kata kunci : Tunikata, Lissoclinum patella, antimikroba, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus.

Download Full-text

The In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus robur L. Methanolic and Aqueous Leaves’ Extracts, from the Algerian High Plateaus Against some Uropathogenic Microbial Strains

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2019-0133 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 262-274

Author(s):

E. Benyagoub ◽

N. Nabbou ◽

S. Boukhalkhel ◽

I. Dehini

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Fusidic Acid ◽

Quercus Robur ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Microbial Strains

The medicinal value of the plants is due to their chemical components that bring a definite physiological action on the human body to prevent the diseases. In this work, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of leaves’ extracts of Quercus robur L., collected from the Algerian upper highlands, on ten bacterial strains and one fungal strain known to be pathogenic. First, we performed a qualitative phytochemical analysis, and second, antimicrobial activity tests performed by agar diffusion method (disc and well) with the determination of MIC by broth macro-dilution method. Given the results, it appears that obtained macerates of Quercus robur L. were rich in bioactive phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, and other components. The yield of aqueous and methanolic macerates of leaves was 8.5 ± 1.41 and 22.4 ± 4.36%, respectively. The bacterial resistance was relatively important to several antibiotics, namely, ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid for strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. However, Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, and oxacillin; while Enterococcus faecalis was resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, oxacillin, and ticarcillin. The antibacterial activity of the macerates toward tested microbial strains showed that the aqueous and methanolic macerates of the leaves were proportional to the tested concentration and active not only against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also on the fungal species Candida albicans. The estimated MIC for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus was in the order of 10 mg/mL, which seems more effective than toward Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans which were in the order of 30 mg/mL. These preliminary results confirm that the part of the studied plant had a very good antimicrobial activity that was proportional to the serial concentrations of the tested extracts.

Download Full-text

AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA DARI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI ORGANISME LAUT SPONS Stylissa carteri YANG DIKOLEKSI DARI PERAIRAN SELAT LEMBEH KOTA BITUNG

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 662

Author(s):

Cavieta C. A. Watupongoh ◽

Defny S. Wewengkang ◽

Henki Rotinsulu

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Stylissa Carteri ◽

Agar Method ◽

Ethanol Extracts

ABSTRACTSponge is a multi-cell marine biota whose tissue and organ functions are very simple. Sponges have considerable potentially in producing active compounds that can be used in the pharmaceutical world. This study aimed to determine the presence of antimicrobial activity from extracts and fractions of the Stylissa carteri Sponge on against the microbes of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The extraction process was carried out by maceration using ethanol solvent, and fractionation was carried out using methanol, n-hexane and chloroform solvents. Antimicrobial activity was carried out by disk diffusion agar method. The results showed that the crude ethanol extracts and methanol fractions of the Stylissa carteri sponge actively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans microbes. Keywords: Stylissa carteri, antimicrobial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans. ABSTRAKSpons merupakan biota laut multi sel yang fungsi jaringan dan organnya sangat sederhana. Spons memiliki potensi cukup besar dalam menghasilkan senyawa aktif yang dapat digunakan dalam dunia farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan adanya Aktivitas Antimikroba dari ekstrak dan fraksi Spons Stylissa carteri terhadap mikroba Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans. Dilakukan proses ekstraksi dengan cara maserasi terhadap sampel menggunakan pelarut etanol, dan dilakukan fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, n-heksan dan kloroform. Aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar dan fraksi metanol dari spons Stylissa carteri aktif menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans. Kata Kunci : Stylissa carteri, antimikroba, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans.

Download Full-text

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI KARANG LUNAK (Sarcophyton sp.) DARI PERAIRAN PULAU BANGKA LIKUPANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella tyhpimurium, DAN Candida albicans

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.9.2020.30034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 470

Author(s):

Mochamad I. Eda ◽

Defny S. Wewengkang ◽

Surya Sumantri

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Bioactive Materials ◽

Agar Disc

ABSTRACTSarcophyton sp. is able to produce bioactive materials, the bioactive material contained in Sarcophyton sp., is sarcophine. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the extracts from soft coral Sarcophyton sp., in Bangka Island waters Likupang performed antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic microbes, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Candida albicans. Samples were extracted by maceration method with ethanol solvent and the fractionation method used was liquid-liquid.The antimicrobial activity testing method used in this study is the Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion method. The results obtained from the antimicrobial activity test on Staphylococcus aureus, fractions of n-hexane with result 8.27mm and fractions of chloroform 8.41mm. In Candida albicans , the n-hexane fraction has an 8.18mm and the chloroform fraction 8.06. While for Salmonella typhimurium has no activity. The conclusion of this study it was found that only some fractions have antimicrobial activity and categorized as moderate, such as the fractions of n-hexane and chloroform that only have moderate inhibiting activity against Stapphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans while for Salmonella typhimurium, the extracts and fractions of Sarcophyton sp., has no activity to the way to inhibit these bacteria. Keywords: Sarcophyton sp., Antimicrobial, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella tyhpimurium, Candida albicans ABSTRAK Sarcophyton sp. mampu menghasilkan bahan bioaktif, bahan bioaktif yang terdapat pada Sarcophyton sp adalah sarcophine. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak dari Karang Lunak Sarcophyton sp.,di Perairan Pulau Bangka Likupang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap beberapa mikroba patogen Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, dan Candida albicans. Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol dan metode fraksinasi yang digunakan yaitu fraksinasi cair – cair. Metode pengujian aktivitas antimikroba yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode difusi agar (disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer). Hasil yang didapat dari uji aktivitas antimikroba pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, fraksi n-heksan mendapatkan hasil 8.27mm dan pada fraksi kloroform 8.41mm. Pada jamur Candida albicans, fraksi n-heksan mendapatkan hasil 8.18mm dan pada fraksi kloroform 8.06mm, sedangkan pada bakteri Salmonella typhi tidak memiliki aktivitas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, hanya sebagian fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas untuk penghambat antimikroba dengan dikategorikan sedang, seperti pada fraksi n-heksan dan klorofom pada bakteri Stapphylococcus aureus dan jamur Candida albicans, sementara untuk bakteri Salmonella tyhpi ekstrak dan fraksi sampel Karang Lunak Sarcophyton sp. tidak memiliki aktivitas untuk menghambat bakteri tersebut. Kata Kunci : Sarcophyton sp., antimikroba, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella tyhpimurium, Candida albicans

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Subcritical CO2 Extract of Lepidium latifolium L. (Brassicaceae)

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2021/4389967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Balzhan B. Azimkhanova ◽

Gulbaram O. Ustenova ◽

Kamalidin O. Sharipov ◽

Kayrolla D. Rakhimov ◽

Galiya M. Sayakova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Lepidium Latifolium ◽

Carbon Dioxide Extraction

The genus Lepidium L. from Brassicaceae Burnett. family covers over 150 species with an almost cosmopolitan spread. In Kazakhstan, 21 species are described, of which four species are characterized by medicinal properties (L. crassifolium Waldst. et Kit., L. perfoliatum L., L. ruderale L., and L. latifolium L.), used in folk medicine as means of antibacterial, irritant, laxative, antitumor, analgesic, and anthelmintic action. Methods. Raw materials were collected from Almaty region (Republic of Kazakhstan). Lepidium latifolium L. herb’s carbon dioxide extract (CO2 extract) was obtained by subcritical carbon dioxide extraction. A gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector was used to determine the component composition of the extract. Antimicrobial activity was determined by two methods: the micromethod of serial dilution and the disc-diffusion method. Four microbial test strains were used: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 10031, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Results. The technology of carbon dioxide extraction has undoubted advantages over traditional methods of extraction: it has a controlled selectivity in relation to groups of biologically active substances, allows deep extraction, and maximizes the release of rich complexes of compounds contained in plants. In this study, firstly, the CO2 extract was obtained under subcritical conditions from the aerial part of L. latifolium L., and the composition was determined. Hexane was the best solvent for CO2 extract, and 40 components were identified. Screening of antimicrobial activity of the L. latifolium’s CO2 extract showed the essential activity of all clinically significant strains tested: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Candida albicans. Conclusions. This research showed that the CO2 extract of the raw material of Lepidium latifolium L. contains biologically active compounds exhibiting an essential antimicrobial effect, and therefore it is possible to recommend for the development of various drugs for use in medical practice.

Download Full-text

AKTIVITAS PENGHAMBATAN PERTUMBUHAN MIKROORGANISME DARI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI ALGA Ulva lactuca TERHADAP Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, DAN Candida albicans

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29306 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 397

Author(s):

Brigieta Keintjem ◽

Defny S. Wewengkang ◽

Fatimawali Fatimawali

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Ulva Lactuca ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Growth Inhibitory ◽

Growth Inhibitory Activity ◽

Temperature Water

ABSTRACT Algae have long been used for the treatment of various types of diseases. Ulva lactuca is one of the algae, which contains bioactive substances as antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant. This study aims to determine the microorganisms growth inhibitory activity from Ulva lactuca algae obtained from the of Lembeh Strait waters in City of Bitung against microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Ulva lactuca algae was extracted using maceration method with ethanol solvent and fractionated with methanol, n-hexan and chloroform solvents. Testing of antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion method. The result showed that extracts and fractions of Ulva lactuca algae did not have antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The chemical composition of algae is influenced by season, geographical distribution, as well as environmental factors such as temperature, water, salinity, light, nutrition, and mineral availability.Keywords: Ulva lactuca, Antimicrobials, Maseration, Fractions, Agar DiffusionABSTRAK Alga telah lama digunakan untuk keperluan pengobatan berbagai jenis penyakit. Ulva lactuca merupakan salah satu alga yang memiliki kandungan zat bioaktif sebagai antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas penghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dari alga Ulva lactuca yang diperoleh dari perairan Selat Lembeh kota Bitung terhadap mikroba Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Candida albicans. Alga Ulva lactuca diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol dan difraksinasi dengan pelarut methanol, n-hexan, dan kloroform. Pengujian aktivitas antimikroba menggunakan metode difusi agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak dan fraksi dari alga Ulva lactuca tidak memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Candida albicans. Komposisi kimia alga dipengaruhi oleh musim, distribusi geografis, serta faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, air, salinitasi, cahaya, nutrisi, dan ketersediaan mineral.Kata kunci : Alga Ulva lactuca, Antimikroba, Maserasi, Fraksi, Difusi Agar

Download Full-text

The Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of the Lichen Hypogymnia tubulosa and Its 3-Hydroxyphysodic Acid Constituent

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2005-1-207 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 60 (1-2) ◽

pp. 35-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Meral Yılmaz ◽

Turgay Tay ◽

Merih Kıvanç ◽

Hayrettin Türk ◽

Ayşen Özdemir Türk

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Proteus Vulgaris ◽

Ethanol Extracts

The antimicrobial activity and the MIC values of the diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether, and ethanol extracts of the lichen Hypogymnia tubulosa and its 3-hydroxyphysodic acid constituent have been investigated against some microorganisms. At least one of the extracts or 3-hydroxyphysodic acid showed antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. No antifungal activity of the extracts has been observed against ten filamentous fungi.

Download Full-text

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA KARANG LUNAK Dendronephtya sp., YANG DIKOLEKSI DARI DESA TUMBAK KECAMATAN PUSOMAEN, KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA TERHADAP Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Candida albicans

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.9.2020.27411 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Gloria Ekaputri Silap ◽

Defny Wewengkang ◽

Henki Rotinsulu

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Soft Coral ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Solvent Fractionation ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽

Partition Method

ABSTRACTSoft coral Dendronephtya sp., living in the waters of coral reefs that are rather deep, at depths below 10 meters, grow attached to a hard substrate, protected under lumps of living coral or dead coral. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of soft coral Dendronephtya sp., collected from the waters of Tumbak Village, Pusomaen District, Southeast Minahasa Regency, against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Dendronephtya sp., extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, fractionation using liquid-liquid partition method with n-hexane, chloroform and methanol solvent, and the testing of antimicrobial activity using the Kirby Bauer diffusion method. The results showed that ethanol extract of soft corals (Dendronephtya sp.), n-hexane fraction had inhibition of 8 mm against Escherichia coli bacteria, 7 mm against Staphylococcus aureus while Candida albicans had very good activity in n-hexane fractions of n-hexane. 9.3 mm, so it can be recommended as an antimicrobial. Keywords : Antimicrobial, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Soft Coral (Dendronephtya sp.), Staphylococcus aureus. ABSTRAKKarang lunak Dendronephtya sp., hidup di perairan terumbu karang yang agak dalam, pada kedalaman di bawah 10 meter, tumbuh melekat di dasar yang keras, terlindung di bawah bongkahan karang hidup atau karang mati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antimikroba dari karang lunak Dendronephtya sp., yang dikoleksi dari perairan Desa Tumbak Kecamatan Pusomaen Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara terhadap Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans. Dendronephtya sp., diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, fraksinasi menggunakan metode partisi cair-cair dengan pelarut n-heksan, kloroform dan metanol, dan pengujian aktivitas antimikroba menggunakan metode difusi agar Kirby Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol karang lunak (Dendronephtya sp.) Fraksi karang n-heksan memiliki daya hambat sebesar 8 mm terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, 7 mm pada Staphylococcus aureus sedangkan Candida albicans aktivitas yang sangat baik terjadi pada fraksi dan ekstrak n-heksan sebesar 9,3 mm, sehingga dapat direkomendasikan sebagai antimikroba. Kata Kunci : Antimikroba, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Karang Lunak (Dendronephtya sp.), dan Staphylococcus aureus

Download Full-text