scholarly journals COVID-19 in Ghana: An Overview of Government Contributions in Fighting this Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evans Yeboah ◽  
Rose Gyamea Kyeremeh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Vulnerable Persons

Coronavirus outbreak has brought significant negative impacts on developed and developing economies with Ghana, not an exemption. This pandemic has slow down economic activities across the globe through unplanned budget expenditures by various government. There is an increasing pressure on many governments to directed tremendous capital resource to stop the outbreak. The perspective of this paper is to provide, update, and inform concerning Covid-19 situation in Ghana, and also look at government expenditure on this pandemic and economic impact. This study employed the quantitative method which promotes the analysis of secondary sources of data. The study captured some of economic and livelihood programme implemented by the government of Ghana to support the most vulnerable persons. With Ghana currently having low active Covid-19 confirmed cases proves that the government has done well to control the spread of the virus.

scholarly journals Government Expenditure and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Oyediran, Leye Sherifdeen ◽  
Sanni, Ibrahim ◽  
Adedoyin, Lukman ◽  
Oyewole Olabode Michael
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The need to better the lots of citizens through government expenditure has raised questions on the impact of government expenditure on the economic development and growth of nations. It is against this background that this paper examined the antecedent effect of government spending on the Nigerian economic growth. The general objective of the study is to ascertain the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria; specifically, the study examined: (i) the significance influence of government capital expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria and (ii) the significance influence of government recurrent expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria. The study employed ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression analysis in estimating the specified model, with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the dependent variable, while Capital Expenditure (CAPEXP) and Recurrent Expenditure (REXP) are the independent variables. Data between 1980 – 2013 were collected from secondary sources through the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Results showed that in Nigeria, there exist a significant relationship between the government expenditure and economic growth. The study therefore recommends instilling fiscal discipline in government expenditures, and putting in place structural mechanisms to act as surveillance on capital spending so as to boost the nation’s human and social capital.

scholarly journals Persistent Conflict and Perceived Post-Conflict Peacebuilding in Southern Kaduna Region of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tunde Abioro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Origin Identity ◽  
The Government

The cycle of individual and communal lives from birth to death is supposedly preserved by the government through institutions. However, political, social, and economic activities are engaged to make ends meet wherein the government is to serve as an unbiased regulator. The activities that play out in Southern Kaduna reflected politics of being on one side with interplay on origin, identity, religion, and locality. On the other hand, it reflects politics of belonging that play on kin, reciprocity, and stranger status. It has thus resulted in violence, suspicion, and persistent conflict. The study examines citizen’s inclusiveness in peacebuilding initiatives and the people’s perception of the sincerity of the government. The research relies on secondary sources where governmental and non-governmental publications and documents from relevant and reliable sources enriched the socio-historical approach, particularly those relating to contestation in the region. The study found out that just like situations in the other northwest states of the country, the crisis exacerbates by the government’s inability to mediate fairly between warring parties to ensure fairness and justice as well as failure to apprehend and punish the culprits, even as recommendations from the various interventions were unimplemented. Thus, the spate of violence continues.

scholarly journals Digital Service Taxes and Their Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megersa Kelbesa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Digital Service

Many developing economies have seen a rise in e-commerce activity within their borders, and a decline in income from traditional industries as a result of COVID-19, meaning the digital economy offers a potentially unexploited source of tax revenue. . As a result, more developing countries may soon begin adopting some sort of digital tax. The economic activities which may be subject to the Digital Services Tax (DST) may vary from country to country. It will, therefore, be necessary for businesses operating in multiple jurisdictions across developing countries to keep up with the changes in digital taxes. Before implementing a DST scheme, developing countries are advised to perform an in-depth cost-benefit analysis and due considerations. Some developing (and several developed) countries have already unilaterally implemented a “provisional” DST system. Other developing countries are on the process of implementing DST or have simply announced that they will implement a DST soon. Although most of the countries so far actively working on DST (are rich countries, a growing list of developing countries are joining the process. Some examples include the following: Malaysia, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, Argentina and, Chile. It is important to mention that the literature on DST is very limited – although growing, and the evidence base around the economic impacts is particularly scarce. This is partly due to the quite recent nature of DST implementation. The evidence is even scarcer for developing countries – Due to these limitations, this rapid evidence review looks at different types of available literature – including reports and blogs issued by international financial institutions and development agencies. The rest of the report will give an overview of key proposed approaches to tax the digital economy, provide a very brief account of the economic impact of DST, provide a brief mapping of the implementation of digital service taxes in developing countries, provide a brief description of each DST system and about the economic impact of the DST, finally a brief account or attributes of a “good” DST system.

scholarly journals Socio-economic impacts of migration on Tho Chu island commune, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 6187-6193
Author(s):  
Huong Le ◽  
Hoang Phi ◽  
Luu Dao ◽  
Yen Nguyen ◽  
Lien Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Labor Structure ◽  
Depth Interviews

Population arrangement to islands for settlement is one of the important policies in many ways of each nation. This study was conducted to provide an understanding of the current situation and impacts of the migration to Tho Chu Island, Phu Quoc District, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. In-depth interviews and survey questions were used to collect preliminary data on displaced people, insular living conditions, positive and negative impacts of the migration process on the socio-economic development on the island. They are also supplemented by secondary data which were collected from various sources in research process. The study shows that the migration to the island not only helps to supplement the labor force for the island, contributes to economic and labor structure restructuring on the island but also contributes to diversifying island economic activities and expand the space, enrich the cultural life of the island. However, the process of migration to the island also poses a number of problems for the people and the government on the island.

scholarly journals Digital Security Act and Investigative Journalism in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-236
Author(s):  
Md. Aliur Rahman ◽  
Harun-Or Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Harmful Effects

The Digital Security Act 2018 has created some barriers for citizens' accessing information and freedom of expression, particularly for the media professionals including journalists in Bangladesh. Thus, investigative journalism is now in a state of fear for distinction. In this context, the purpose of the study is to explore various effects of this Act, as well as to focus on different directions of protection while facing fears associated with the law. Showing the necessities for investigative journalism, this article also presented different fields of such an effective journalism. Methodologically, this article has followed the qualitative approach and collected information from both the primary and secondary sources. The findings from this study have shown that the fear of negative impacts form the Digital Security Act is dominant although the aim of the law, as described, is to provide security for information and communication. From the analysis of opinions of experts, it is easily predictable that some articles of the law have created dangerous threats on the way of investigative journalism, considering its applicable effects. Most of the experts expressed concerns about the negative impacts the law does have, as shown in the findings.  It is also reflected that these harmful effects would fall ultimately on the shoulder of the state creating such a bad situation where the government is feared to have lagged in terms of taking the right decisions at the right time.

scholarly journals Historical overview of the System of National Accounts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajeevani Weerasekara
Keyword(s):  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
The Government

The main objective of this article is to present a brief overview of national accounts. Section 1.1 illustrates the historical overview of the system of national accounts (SNA). Section 1.2 presents the development of the SNA. Section 1.3 focuses on the Framework of SNA, classifications, and measurements of economic activities and finally, section 1.4 presents a brief overview of the government expenditure within the SNA framework.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Drivers of Remittances and the Implication for Economic Growth in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Johnson A. Atan ◽  
Godwin Essang Esu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Remittance Flows ◽  
Estimated Error ◽  
Macroeconomic Environment

Remittances have been one of the officially recorded sources of international flows, especially, to developing economies like Nigeria, hence the need to encourage its consistent flow as well as defining ways and means of redeploying it for an improved economy. Following this line of reasoning, an attempt was made in this study, to see whether the macroeconomic environment in the domestic economy can actually play a role in stimulating international remittance inflows. To achieve this, average remittance data were tested against that of per capita income, real exchange rate, trade openness, government expenditure, inflation rate and the demographic variable (population density), and the data were all from secondary sources (WDI and CBN Bulletin, 20170/2018). Drawing of the type of gravity model suggested by Greenwood (1975) and Borjas (1987, 1989) – as modified - for analyzing international migration, and exploring the two approaches to international remittances analysis – altruistic and investment approaches, the data were modelled and estimated. Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) was employed in estimating the model. The results indicated that the macroeconomic environment of Nigeria, plays a significant role in stimulating international remittance flows. Based on the outcome of this study, it is suggested that for consistent flow of remittances into Nigeria, especially for investment purposes, a conducive macroeconomic environment should be created and maintained, as this will not only stimulate inflows, but will aid effective redeployment of same for output growth.

scholarly journals Adverse Economic Impact by Rohingya Refugees on Bangladesh: Some Way Forwards

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Syed Magfur Ahmad ◽  
Nasruzzaman Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Targeted Violence ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Government ◽  
Daily Wage

This paper aims to analyse the adverse effects of the Rohingya influx on the economy of Bangladesh in recent years. Since the independence of Bangladesh, it has been gone through many ups and downs in the country's economic movement. The per capita income of the country has exceeded about two thousand US dollars. All the development indicators are upward in GDP. Rohingya people in Rakhine state, Myanmar have been facing decades of planned discrimination, statelessness, and targeted violence. For many years this kind of torture over the innocent Rohingya women, girls, boys and men has forced them to the influx to Bangladesh. The rapid spread of the Rohingya crisis also has been surprising for last three years to the Bangladesh government. From social to economic, economic to politics Rohingya refugees have impacts into the country. This research paper follows the empirical and narrative oriented research design in relation to find out the negative economic impact of the Rohingya influx to Bangladesh. One of the principal aims of the findings of this paper is to draw the attention of the policymakers and other concerns about the deleterious effects of the influx both in the future and present conditions. First and foremost, the negative impact of the Rohingya influx to Bangladesh on the economy is the increased cost of living and regional employment crisis. Moreover, a huge fall of the daily wage amount can be noticed. Furthermore, the country is facing a noticeable loss in the tourism sector and government expenditure on the health and security sector has risen since 2017. Hence, the government of Bangladesh should take necessary steps for the effective repatriation process without any delay to mitigate the financial cost burden.  

scholarly journals Exorcising the “Ghosts” from the Government Payroll in Developing Countries in the Wake of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Ghana’s Empirical Example

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Sam Quarm ◽  
Rosemond Sam-Quarm ◽  
Richmond Sam-Quarm
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Triangle Theory ◽  
Government Workers

The salary payment of government workers constitute a significant percentage of total government expenditure in developing economies, simply because the government remains the largest or biggest employer. The Government Payroll system, therefore, requires a robust control mechanism to detect and prevent the occurrence of “payroll fraud”, as the irregularity denies the state of huge sums of monies going down the drain and into private pockets, and which could have otherwise been channelled into some critical sectors of the economy; and to minimise the excessive borrowing by government to fill the gap. The several efforts and reforms by the Controller and Accountant-General’s Department (CAGD) and the Ghana Audit Service (GAS) in particular; and the Ministry of Finance (MoF) in general, to clean the Government Payroll of these “payroll frauds” consistently over the years have not yielded the desired results. The various studies conducted on “payroll fraud” in Ghana did not address themselves to the introduction of the “Electronic-Salary Payment Voucher (E-SPV) system since 2014, which was hailed by many as the final panacea to the “annual ritual of ghost workers on the government payroll”. To fill the gap, we conducted this empirical cross-sectional research on “payroll fraud” based on the “fraud triangle theory” and the “graft estimation model”. We employed non probability purposive, but convenient, sampling methodology by means of structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews to arrive at our conclusion. Our major finding was that “payroll fraud” can never be eliminated (but only minimised), and must therefore be treated and necessarily managed to the barest minimum (between 1% and 5%), just as normal “bad debts” in Financial Statements. Policy makers will have to revisit the issues about “Ghost Workers”, in the midst of the novel and dreaded, and disastrous Convid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Exorcising the “Ghosts” from the Government Payroll in Developing Countries in the Wake of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Ghana’s Empirical Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Sam Quarm ◽  
◽  
Rosemond Sam-Quarm ◽  
Richmond Sam-Quarm ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Triangle Theory ◽  
Government Workers

The salary payment of government workers constitute a significant percentage of total government expenditure in developing economies, simply because the government remains the largest or biggest employer. The Government Payroll system, therefore, requires a robust control mechanism to detect and prevent the occurrence of “payroll fraud”, as the irregularity denies the state of huge sums of monies going down the drain and into private pockets, and which could have otherwise been channelled into some critical sectors of the economy; and to minimise the excessive borrowing by government to fill the gap. The several efforts and reforms by the Controller and Accountant-General’s Department (CAGD) and the Ghana Audit Service (GAS) in particular; and the Ministry of Finance (MoF) in general, to clean the Government Payroll of these “payroll frauds” consistently over the years have not yielded the desired results. The various studies conducted on “payroll fraud” in Ghana did not address themselves to the introduction of the “Electronic-Salary Payment Voucher (E-SPV) system since 2014, which was hailed by many as the final panacea to the “annual ritual of ghost workers on the government payroll”. To fill the gap, we conducted this empirical cross-sectional research on “payroll fraud” based on the “fraud triangle theory” and the “graft estimation model”. We employed non probability purposive, but convenient, sampling methodology by means of structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews to arrive at our conclusion. Our major finding was that “payroll fraud” can never be eliminated (but only minimised), and must therefore be treated and necessarily managed to the barest minimum (between 1% and 5%), just as normal “bad debts” in Financial Statements. Policy makers will have to revisit the issues about “Ghost Workers”, in the midst of the novel and dreaded, and disastrous Convid-19 pandemic.

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