scholarly journals Surface protective layers of iron aluminides developed on medium carbon steel by the hot-dip aluminizing (HDA) process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Hawkar J. Muhammed ◽  
Dániel Koncz-Horváth ◽  
István Balázs Illés ◽  
Tamás I. Török
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Intermetallic Layer ◽  
Liquid Aluminum ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Outward Diffusion ◽  
Base Steel ◽  
Solid Iron

The investigation in this paper is based on the existence of carbon content and its role in the formation of Fe-Al intermetallic layer in unalloyed carbon steel C45 with a carbon content of 0.44 wt.%. Several sophisticated techniques such as PFIB SEM equipped with EDS and EBSD, GD-OES were employed for the in-depth surface analysis. The results of the metallographic examination reveal that the carbon would appear and could be well detected at the interface between the solidified aluminum and the solid iron-base steel substrate and got also incorporated in the top aluminum layer. Furthermore, due to the dissolution and outward diffusion of iron into the liquid aluminum melt during the HDA process, plus its involvement in the formation of the solid intermetallic surface layer, thus the carbon atoms gaining higher chemical affinity there will also be more likely to form carbide precipitates of different kinds like Fe3AlC and AlC inside these developing surface layers on the C45 type steel during the process of hot-dip aluminizing at 700 °C.

Morphology and Formation Mechanism of Martensite in Steels with Different Carbon Content

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 1612-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Ping Ji ◽  
Zong Chang Liu ◽  
Hui Ping Ren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Volumetric Strain ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Plate Martensite ◽  
Low Carbon

0MnVTiNb, 12Cr1MoV, 20Cr2Ni4, 35CrMo, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 60Si2CrV and T8 steels and Fe-1.2C alloy were used to study the morphology and formation mechanism of martensite by metallographic microscope, QUANTA-400 environmental scanning electron microscope and JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope after they were austenized at different temperature and then quenched respectively. The results show that the martensite of low-carbon steel is lath martensite, the martensite of high-carbon steel is plate martensite, and the martensite of medium-carbon steel is the integrated microstructure of lath martensite and plate martensite. With the increase of carbon content, the morphology of martensite in steel evolves from lath shape to plate shape, the distribution of martensite slices changes from in parallel to with crossing angle, and the substructure evolves from high density dislocations and stacking faults to twin crystals. The martensite in steel can nucleate in the austenite crystal grain interior as well as along the austenite crystal grain boundary. It is proposed that the volumetric strain energy in martensite transformation is the essential reason of the different morphologies of martensite.

Joining of Diamond Grains to Medium Carbon Steel with Ni-Base Powder during Laser Brazing

2010 ◽  
Vol 455 ◽  
pp. 392-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Bo Yang ◽  
Ai Ju Liu ◽  
Jiu Hua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectrometer ◽  
Joining Strength

In order to develop new generation brazed Diamond grinding wheels, the joining experiments of Diamond super abrasive grains and medium carbon steel using the powder mixture of Ni-Cr alloy as active brazing alloy are carried out via laser in an argon atmosphere. The relevant characteristics of the special powder mixture, the microstructure of the interfacial region, which are both the key factors for determining the joining strength among the Diamond grains, the filler layer and the steel substrate, are investigated extensively by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS), as well X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The formation mechanism of carbide layers was discussed. All the results indicate that high strength bonding between diamond grits and the steel substrate has been successfully realized because the chromium in the Ni-based alloy segregated preferentially to the surface of the diamond to form a chromium-rich reaction product Cr3C2, and the bond between the alloy and the Diamond was established through the reaction product.

scholarly journals The Thermal Conductivity of 8 Yttria Stabilized Zirconia and Mullite Thermal Barrier Coating on Medium Carbon Steel Substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5886-5892
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Thermal Barrier Coating ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Barrier Coating

Thermal conductivity is one of the main features of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) that is important in making sure that the TBC gives its best functionality to the system. A good TBC has low thermal conductivity, so that the temperature can drop across the coating which allows the system to operate in extremely high temperatures. There are several factors that can influence the thermal conductivity of the TBC such as the type of ceramic material used, the deposition method and the physical features of the TBC itself. For this research, air plasma spray (APS) is used to deposit 8 wt% yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) and mullite on medium carbon steel substrates to study their respective thermal conductivities. The aim here is to develop a heat shield using TBC to protect the electric motor in an electrical turbocompounding system. The characteristics of the deposited TBC such as microstructure, element composition, phases and thermal conductivity are studied. The thermal conductivity is reduced when medium carbon steel substrate deposited with TBC. The thermal conductivity of 8YSZ, mullite and uncoated sample at minute 60 is 0.868 W/mK, 0.903 W/mK and 1.057 W/mK, respectively. Therefore, the deposition of 8YSZ TBC can lower the thermal conductivity of the medium carbon steel heat shield.

High Temperature Oxidation Behaviors of Ni-Cr Based Thermal Sprayed Coatings

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 691-694
Author(s):  
Liu Ying Wang ◽  
Gu Liu ◽  
Yong Fa Wu ◽  
Shao Chun Hua ◽  
Jian Xun Yao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Cr Coating ◽  
Oxidation Behaviors

Ni-Cr coating and Ni-Cr/ZrO2 gradated coating were deposited on C45 carbon steel by high velocity arc spraying and micro-plasma spraying to solve the high temperature oxidation problem of medium carbon steel components. The oxidations of Ni-Cr coating, Ni-Cr/ZrO2 gradated coating and C45 carbon steel substrate were carried out for up to 108 hours in air atmosphere at 1100°C. The oxidation behaviors were investigated after detailed examinations by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ni-Cr coating and Ni-Cr/ZrO2 gradated coating show similar and low dynamics curve near to the logarithms function. Surface observations with SEM and XRD reveal that the oxidizing surface of the C45 carbon steel substrate is mainly a loose spherical structure consisted of mainly Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. The surface structures of Ni-Cr coating and Ni-Cr/ZrO2 gradated coating after 108 hours oxidization are rather denser than that of C45 carbon steel, which can effectively improve the properties of the oxidation resistance of C45 carbon steel substrate.

scholarly journals Hard Anodization Film on Carbon Steel Surface by Thermal Spray and Anodization Methods

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3580
Author(s):  
Pao-Chang Chiang ◽  
Chih-Wei Chen ◽  
Fa-Ta Tsai ◽  
Chung-Kwei Lin ◽  
Chien-Chon Chen
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Aluminum Film ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
1045 Steel

In this paper, we used two mass-produced industrial technologies, namely, thermal spraying and anodization methods, to enhance the surface characteristics of AISI 1045 medium carbon steel for use in special environments or products. The anodic film can effectively improve the surface properties of carbon steel. A sequence of treatments of the carbon steel substrate surface that consist of sandblasting, spraying the aluminum film, annealing, hot rolling, cleaning, grinding, and polishing can increase the quality of the anodized film. This paper proposes an anodization process for the surface of carbon steel to increase the corrosion resistance, hardness, color diversification, and electrical resistance. The resulting surface improves the hardness (from 170 HV to 524 HV), surface roughness (from 1.26 to 0.15 μm), coloring (from metal color to various colors), and corrosion resistance (from rusty to corrosion resistant). The electrochemical corrosion studies showed that the AISI 1045 steel surface with a hard anodized film had a lower corrosion current density of 10−5.9 A/cm2 and a higher impedance of 9000 ohm than those of naked AISI 1045 steel (10−4.2 A/cm2 and 150 ohm) in HCl gas.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

ALGOMA AR225

Alloy Digest ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Rolled Plate ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content

Abstract Algoma AR225 is a carbon steel developed primarily to supply a low-cost material for high-abrasion applications. It is furnished in the form of as-rolled plate with a relatively high carbon content (0.35-0.45%). AR-225 is sold on the basis of chemical analysis only; the number 225 signifies the approximate Brinell hardness. On thicknesses one-half inch and over, this Brinell value may be lower than 225 because of higher finishing temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-138. Producer or source: Algoma Steel Corporation Ltd.

AISI 1025

Alloy Digest ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract AISI 1025 is a low-to-medium-carbon steel used in the hot-worked, cold-worked, normalized or water-quenched-and-tempered condition for general-purpose construction and engineering. It is also used for case-hardened components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-47. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

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