scholarly journals Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Water Hyacinth and Banana Peel with Cow Dung and Cow Urine With and Without using Chemical Pre-Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5099-5103
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Ideal

This examination assesses the impact of blending proportion (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5) and chemical pre-treatment on the anaerobic co-processing of banana strips and water hyacinth. Two plans of bio-engineered methane potential (BMP) tests were performed all the while. Banana strips was blended with untreated water hyacinth in set I, and water hyacinth be pretreated before co-absorption in set II. Intent measure of bovine compost and dairy animals pee was added to every reactor as an inoculum. The anaerobic group test revealed that set II, where pre-treated banana strips and water hyacinth was co-handled, demonstrated high biogas creation and favoured nature of biogas over set I. Blending proportion 1.5 and 2 were outlined to be the ideal blending proportion for set I and II individually. Both the sets represented high biogas age than mono-processing of the substrates. In this way, anaerobic co-absorption of banana strips and water hyacinth depict a synergic activity via adjusting the general procedure. The purpose of this peculiar analysis was to scrutinize the repercussion of different mixing ratios and chemical pre-treatment on the anaerobic co-digestion process

scholarly journals PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI TERHADAP VOLUME GAS BIO DAN PENYISIHAN COD DENGAN METODE PERLAKUANAWAL MENGGUNAKAN KALIUMHIDROKSIDA(KOH) PADA ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Setiaty Pandia ◽  
Amin Trisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Pre Treatment

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of alkali pre-treatment methods on the quality and quantity of biogas. The study was doneby fermentation process the water hyacinth with KOH in a concentration of 6,7 M; 4 M;3 M; and 2,95 (M) with water in ratio hyacinth: water 70:30; 50:50; 30:70 and 100:0 (v/v) mixed with cow dung starter in an anaerobic digester batch system of 2,5 L capacity.  In this study the highest biogas production at KOH concentration  4 M was in ratio of 50:50 (v/v)with yield biogas volume  449 mL and 86,52% of COD revomal, 92,42% of TSS removal. The lowest biogas production at KOH concentration 6,7 M was in ratio of 70:30 (v/v) with yield biogas volume 132 mL and 86,55% of COD removal and 88,65%of TSS removal.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Nutrient Sources on Seedling Growth of Annona Muricata Linn

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Dada C. A. ◽  
Kayode J. ◽  
Arowosegbe S. ◽  
Olaniyi T. A
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
The Impact

The impact of nutrient sources cannot be over emphasised in plant growth. Seedlings of Annona muricata were subjected to organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and fertilizer-free treatmentsin this study. The organic fertilizers comprises of cow dung, poultry manure and water hyacinth, while NPK fertilizer was used as the inorganic manure and Top soil without fertilizer application was used as the control. The organic fertilizers were singly used and mixed at the rate of 100kg/ha and 200kg/ha while the inorganic fertilizer was used at the rate 100kg/ha and 200kg/ha. The parameters taken were plant height, stem girth, leaf area and leaf production. Results obtained showed that poultry manure produced the tallest plants (23.50cm) at 3months after transplanting though this was not significantly different from those of cow dung manure (23.00cm). NPK fertilizer produced the plant with highest leaf area (32.75cm) and stem girth (2.25cm) at 3 months after transplanting and was not significantly different from the organic fertilizers (Poultry manure 200g/ha, Cow dung 200g/ha, Water hyacinth 100g/ha and 200g/ha). NPK fertilizer also produced the highest number of leaves at the end of the three month assessment (31.00cm). All the growth parameters observed showed that the control experiment gave the least performance. The results obtained tend to suggest that the use of NPK fertilizer should be recommended for growing Annona muricata and improvement of the soil nutrients level.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Nutrient Sources on Seedling Growth of Annona Muricata Linn.

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Dada C. A. ◽  
Kayode J. ◽  
Arowosegbe S. ◽  
Olaniyi T. A.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
The Impact

The impact of nutrient sources cannot be over emphasised in plant growth. Seedlings of Annona muricata were subjected to organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and fertilizer-free treatmentsin this study. The organic fertilizers comprises of cow dung, poultry manure and water hyacinth, while NPK fertilizer was used as the inorganic manure and Top soil without fertilizer application was used as the control. The organic fertilizers were singly used and mixed at the rate of 100kg/ha and 200kg/ha while the inorganic fertilizer was used at the rate 100kg/ha and 200kg/ha. The parameters taken were plant height, stem girth, leaf area and leaf production. Results obtained showed that poultry manure produced the tallest plants (23.50cm) at 3months after transplanting though this was not significantly different from those of cow dung manure (23.00cm). NPK fertilizer produced the plant with highest leaf area (32.75cm) and stem girth (2.25cm) at 3 months after transplanting and was not significantly different from the organic fertilizers (Poultry manure 200g/ha, Cow dung 200g/ha, Water hyacinth 100g/ha and 200g/ha). NPK fertilizer also produced the highest number of leaves at the end of the three month assessment (31.00cm). All the growth parameters observed showed that the control experiment gave the least performance. The results obtained tend to suggest that the use of NPK fertilizer should be recommended for growing Annona muricata and improvement of the soil nutrients level.

The Impact of the Industrial Processing of Oil on the Rainfall Water Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Oana Roxana Chivu ◽  
Augustin Semenescu ◽  
Claudiu Babis ◽  
Catalin Amza ◽  
Gabriel Iacobescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Ideal

Rainfall is a major component of the environment and the main source of the air purification becouse of many pollutants increases who have the most varied sources: various human activities including industry and agriculture, and some household duties. Air purification by means of precipitation is achieved by numerous highly complex mechanisms. The final products of degradation of the pollutant in the air, which are generally harmless, can be reacted with each other in the presence of water, giving rise to the final compounds with a high toxicity. Thus, exhaust, mobile sources of noxious almost identical to those specific activities in the industrial processing of oil, contain lead which is the ideal catalyst for converting SO2 to sulfuric acid in the presence of rainwater, with all the disadvantages that they create. This paper will present an experimental research oabout how rainfall water quality is influenced by the activity of the industrial processing of oil, in a chemical plant in Constanta County.

scholarly journals Pre-treatment clinical and gene expression patterns predict developmental change in early intervention in autism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Lombardo ◽  
Elena Maria Busuoli ◽  
Laura Schreibman ◽  
Aubyn C. Stahmer ◽  
Tiziano Pramparo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Time In Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Blood Leukocyte ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEarly detection and intervention are believed to be key to facilitating better outcomes in children with autism, yet the impact of age at treatment start on the outcome is poorly understood. While clinical traits such as language ability have been shown to predict treatment outcome, whether or not and how information at the genomic level can predict treatment outcome is unknown. Leveraging a cohort of toddlers with autism who all received the same standardized intervention at a very young age and provided a blood sample, here we find that very early treatment engagement (i.e., <24 months) leads to greater gains while controlling for time in treatment. Pre-treatment clinical behavioral measures predict 21% of the variance in the rate of skill growth during early intervention. Pre-treatment blood leukocyte gene expression patterns also predict the rate of skill growth, accounting for 13% of the variance in treatment slopes. Results indicated that 295 genes can be prioritized as driving this effect. These treatment-relevant genes highly interact at the protein level, are enriched for differentially histone acetylated genes in autism postmortem cortical tissue, and are normatively highly expressed in a variety of subcortical and cortical areas important for social communication and language development. This work suggests that pre-treatment biological and clinical behavioral characteristics are important for predicting developmental change in the context of early intervention and that individualized pre-treatment biology related to histone acetylation may be key.

scholarly journals Time-to-Treatment in Oral Cancer: Causes and Implications for Survival

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Constanza Saka-Herrán ◽  
Enric Jané-Salas ◽  
Antoni Mari-Roig ◽  
Albert Estrugo-Devesa ◽  
José López-López
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The purpose of this review was to identify and describe the causes that influence the time-intervals in the pathway of diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer and to assess its impact on prognosis and survival. The review was structured according to the recommendations of the Aarhus statement, considering original data from individual studies and systematic reviews that reported outcomes related to the patient, diagnostic and pre-treatment intervals. The patient interval is the major contributor to the total time-interval. Unawareness of signs and/or symptoms, denial and lack of knowledge about oral cancer are the major contributors to the process of seeking medical attention. The diagnostic interval is influenced by tumor factors, delays in referral due to higher number of consultations and previous treatment with different medicines or dental procedures and by professional factors such as experience and lack of knowledge related to the disease and diagnostic procedures. Patients with advanced stage disease, primary treatment with radiotherapy, treatment at an academic facility and transitions in care are associated with prolonged pre-treatment intervals. An emerging body of evidence supports the impact of prolonged pre-treatment and treatment intervals with poorer survival from oral cancer.

scholarly journals Comparison of Selected Immune and Hematological Parameters and Their Impact on Survival in Patients with HPV-Related and HPV-Unrelated Oropharyngeal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3256
Author(s):  
Adam Brewczyński ◽  
Beata Jabłońska ◽  
Agnieszka Maria Mazurek ◽  
Jolanta Mrochem-Kwarciak ◽  
Sławomir Mrowiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Several immune and hematological parameters are associated with survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). The aim of the study was to analyze selected immune and hematological parameters of patients with HPV-related (HPV+) and HPV-unrelated (HPV-) OPC, before and after radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT) and to assess the impact of these parameters on survival. One hundred twenty seven patients with HPV+ and HPV− OPC, treated with RT alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), were included. Patients were divided according to HPV status. Confirmation of HPV etiology was obtained from FFPE (Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded) tissue samples and/or extracellular circulating HPV DNA was determined. The pre-treatment and post-treatment laboratory blood parameters were compared in both groups. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune inflammation (SII) index were calculated. The impact of these parameters on overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival was analyzed. In HPV+ patients, a high pre-treatment white blood cells (WBC) count (>8.33 /mm3), NLR (>2.13), SII (>448.60) significantly correlated with reduced OS, whereas high NLR (>2.29), SII (>462.58) significantly correlated with reduced DFS. A higher pre-treatment NLR and SII were significant poor prognostic factors for both OS and DFS in the HPV+ group. These associations were not apparent in HPV− patients. There are different pre-treatment and post-treatment immune and hematological prognostic factors for OS and DFS in HPV+ and HPV− patients. The immune ratios could be considered valuable biomarkers for risk stratification and differentiation for HPV− and HPV+ OPC patients.

scholarly journals The impact of huts on physiological stress: a refinement in post-transport housing of male guineapigs (Cavia porcellus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry L Walters ◽  
Cristobal Jose Torres-Urbano ◽  
Lee Chichester ◽  
Robert E Rose
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Experimental Science ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
Acclimatization Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal animal model would contribute no confounding variables in experimental science. Variables affect experimental design resulting in increased animal use or repeated studies. We demonstrated a simple refinement which may reduce the number of animals used experimentally while simultaneously improving animal welfare. The objective of this study was to determine if the presence of a hut was an impact on physiological stress levels, as determined by faecal cortisol concentration, during a routine four-day acclimatization period of newly received male Hartley-Outbred guineapigs. We hypothesized that those animals provided with huts would have decreased physiological stress compared with animals not provided with huts. We examined this effect within both paired and single-housed animals. A between-subjects one-way analysis of variance revealed that pair-housed animals with a hut had significantly lower faecal cortisol concentration than pair-housed animals without a hut and the presence and absence of a hut had no significant impact on faecal cortisol concentration in single-housed animals. These findings show that presence of a hut is beneficial in reducing physiological stress when pair housing male guineapigs and does not appear to have an impact when single housing male guineapigs. In addition, we have shown that faecal cortisol, and therefore physiological stress, is still increasing on study day 4 suggesting a longer acclimatization period is necessary. A simple refinement in housing environment and acclimatization time can both reduce the number of animals used experimentally and improve animal welfare.

Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection Induces Synaptic Failure via Increased IL-1β Production in Leptomeningeal Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Wanyi Huang ◽  
Fan Zeng ◽  
Yebo Gu ◽  
Muzhou Jiang ◽  
Xinwen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Synaptic Failure ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Background: Studies have reported that synaptic failure occurs before the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) onset. The systemic Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) infection is involved in memory decline. We previously showed that leptomeningeal cells, covering the brain, activate glial cells by releasing IL-1β in response to systemic inflammation. Objective: In the present study, we focused on the impact of leptomeningeal cells on neurons during systemic P. gingivalis infection. Methods: The responses of leptomeningeal cells and cortical neurons to systemic P. gingivalis infection were examined in 15-month-old mice. The mechanism of IL-1β production by P. gingivalis infected leptomeningeal cells was examined, and primary cortical neurons were treated with P. gingivalis infected leptomeningeal cells condition medium (Pg LCM). Results: Systemic P. gingivalis infection increased the expression of IL-1β in leptomeninges and reduced the synaptophysin (SYP) expression in leptomeninges proximity cortex in mice. Leptomeningeal cells phagocytosed P. gingivalis resulting in lysosomal rupture and Cathepsin B (CatB) leakage. Leaked CatB mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation inducing IL-1β secretion in leptomeningeal cells. Pg LCM decreased the expression of synaptic molecules, including SYP, which was inhibited by an IL-1 receptor antagonist pre-treatment. Conclusion: These observations demonstrate that P. gingivalis infection is involved in synaptic failure by inducing CatB/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production in leptomeningeal cells. The periodontal bacteria-induced synaptic damage may accelerate the onset and cognitive decline of AD.

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