scholarly journals The Effect of Heating Time and Heating Temperatures to Layer Thickness and the Glossiness Level of a Surface in Blackening Coating Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3S) ◽  
pp. 250-254
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Metal Coating ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Coating Technique ◽  
Black Oxide

Metal coating without electrical energy using usually could be the conversion coating technique. One method of the conversion coatings that are widely used in the industrial field is blackening or black oxide coating. Blackening or black oxide coating technique is a chemical conversion process that is formed from the chemical reaction between the iron in ferrous metals by an oxidizing salt to form a layer of magnetite (Fe3O4) thin metal substrates. The metal coating process has a lot of choices to improve the quality of materials from metallic and nonmetallic. This study aims to investigate the effect of the time and the temperature of the heating process of the steel AISI 1015 on the thickness and the value of the glossiness level by the blackening processing technique. The research variables are used various heating process time: 30; 60; and 90 minutes, temperature: 100 °C; 150 ºC and 200 ºC, and other variables are controlled constantly. The workpieces made from a steel metal plate AISI 1015 has a dimension size = 200 x 30 x 3 mm3 in 27 pieces. The experimental method was designed by formation 3 x 3 x 3. It could be revealed the longer the healing process time could increase the thickness of the layer of the workpiece surface. A higher heating temperature could decrease the value of the glossiness level of a metal surface. The surface layer thickness level is found the best in the plating process time about 90 minutes and a temperature of 200ºC with a coating thickness values of 20,27μm. The highest value of the glossiness level is obtained at the highest coating time of 30 minutes at a temperature of 100ºC with the value of the shiny level of about 68.50 GU.

scholarly journals Influencia De La Adición De Cobre En La Corrosión Del Cromado Metálico Para Aplicaciones En La Industria Automotríz

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Mario Alcides Lara Núñez ◽  
Segundo Manuel Espín Lago ◽  
Gonzalo Eduardo López Villacis ◽  
Jorge Patricio Guamanquispe Toasa ◽  
Jorge Isaías Caicedo Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Metal Coatings ◽  
Metallic Chromium ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Optimum Parameters

At present the use of metal coatings in the automotive industry is a priority so the present research had the objective of conducting studies of metallic chromium on surfaces of rings for buses applying national and international standards. The parameters of the coating process (time, temperature and voltage) are varied to check its incidence in corrosion by checking properties such as adhesion, hardness and layer thickness. It was determined that the optimum parameters for a nickel-chromium process are 60 min, 400 C and 7V, but with low corrosion resistance, so that an alternate coating was developed to add an alkaline copper layer, obtaining three layers, copper- nickel-chromium, thereby increasing corrosion resistance.

Optimization of Pan Coating Process for Increased Efficiency of Controlled-Release Urea Fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
Trung Huu Nguyen ◽  
Tran Nguyen Minh An ◽  
Mahboob Alam ◽  
Duc Hoai Tran ◽  
Nghi Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Sauter Mean Diameter ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Controlled Release Urea

The goal of the research is to develop an experimental mathematical model of pan coating process effect on the biodegradable polymer and to determine optimal process parameters. The polymer solution was conducted with phosphated di-starch phosphate, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylic acid and performed as material coating for the controlled-release urea fertilizer. The image analysis method has been used to determine the particle size distribution, Sauter mean diameter of the particle and layer thickness that is novel. The central composite rotatable design has been selected to determine the regression models of the process, which described the relationship between two objective variables as layer thickness, release time with angle of pan, spray flow, and coating time. The statistical analysis results indicate the fitness of model.

scholarly journals Design and Manufacturing of a Disposable, Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer, Microfluidic Device for a Biosensor †

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Prada ◽  
Christina Cordes ◽  
Carsten Harms ◽  
Walter Lang
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
Auto Fluorescence

This contribution outlines the design and manufacturing of a microfluidic device implemented as a biosensor for retrieval and detection of bacteria RNA. The device is fully made of Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer (COC), which features low auto-fluorescence, biocompatibility and manufacturability by hot-embossing. The RNA retrieval was carried on after bacteria heat-lysis by an on-chip micro-heater, whose function was characterized at different working parameters. Carbon resistive temperature sensors were tested, characterized and printed on the biochip sealing film to monitor the heating process. Off-chip and on-chip processed RNA were hybridized with capture probes on the reaction chamber surface and identification was achieved by detection of fluorescence tags. The application of the mentioned techniques and materials proved to allow the development of low-cost, disposable albeit multi-functional microfluidic system, performing heating, temperature sensing and chemical reaction processes in the same device. By proving its effectiveness, this device contributes a reference to show the integration potential of fully thermoplastic devices in biosensor systems.

scholarly journals Assessment of Potential of the High-Voltage Anodic Plasma Source to Deposit Multilayer Structures Relevant to X-ray Mirror Applications

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Aurel-Mihai Vlaicu ◽  
Alexandru Anghel ◽  
Marius Badulescu ◽  
Cristina Surdu-Bob
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Multilayer Structures ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coating Technique ◽  
Glass Substrates

(1) Background: The high-voltage anodic-plasma (HVAP) coating technique has a series of specificities that are not simultaneously met in other deposition methods. This paper aimed at assessing the potential of HVAP to synthesize quality multilayers for X-ray optics. (2) Methods: Nanolayers of W, Ta, B, and Si were deposited as mono-, bi-, and multilayers onto very smooth glass substrates by HVAP, and their thickness and density were analyzed by X-ray reflectometry. The minimal film thickness needed to obtain continuous nanolayers was also investigated. (3) Results: Nanolayer roughness did not increase with layer thickness, and could be lowered via deposition rate, with values as low as 0.6 for the W nanolayer. Minimal film thickness for continuous films for the studied metals was 4 nm (W), 6 nm (Ta), 2.5 nm (B), and 6 nm (Si). (4) Conclusions: The investigation revealed the range of parameters to be used for obtaining quality nanolayers and multilayers by HVAP. Advantages and possible improvements are discussed. This deposition technique can be tailored for demanding applications such as X-ray mirrors.

scholarly journals Efek Tegangan Listrik dan Waktu Proses Elektroplating Krom Keras terhadap Tebal Lapisan

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ketut Suarsana ◽  
I M. Astika ◽  
D.N.K Putra Negara
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Electrical Voltage ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Chrome Coating ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Coating Time ◽  
Hard Chrome ◽  
Wear And Corrosion Resistance

Proses pelapisan krom keras merupakan proses akhir atau tahap penyelesaian pada kebanyakan pembuatan komponen agar tidak cepat aus, seperti pada poros, pasak, ring piston, silinder, bearing dan crank shaf. Dalam bidang industri sifat mekanik yang banyak diperlukan pada logam yang dipergunakan adalah kemampuannya untuk tahan aus dan tahan korosi yang mana kita ketahui logam mempunyai reaksi yang sangat aktif terhadap perubahaan temperatur dan cuaca, maka perlu dilakukan pelapisan sehingga kemungkinan suatu bahan logam terkena korosi bisa dihambat. Bahan spesimen yang di gunakan adalah Baja St 60 (C 0.40%; Mn 7%; Si 0.28%; P+S 0.09%; Fe 98,53%) dengan variasi tegangan listrik: 4, 6, dan 8 volt, untuk variasi waktu elektroplating krom keras 30, 45, dan 60 menit. Pengujian yang dilakukan dengan pengukuran ketebalan lapisan menggunakan skala foto mikro dan menghitung ketebalan lapisan permukaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi tegangan listrik yang digunakan dan semakin lama waktu proses pelapisan krom keras maka meningkat ketebalan lapisannya. Ketebalan lapisan permukaan yang paling tebal didapatkan pada tegangan 8 volt dengan waktu pelapisan 60 menit dengan ketebalan lapisannya sebesar 89,37 ?m, sedangkan ketebalan lapisan permukaan tipis didapat pada tegangan 4 volt dengan waktu pelapisan 30 menit ketebalan lapisannya sebesar 20,18 ?m. Jadi tegangan listrik dan waktu electroplating dapat mempengaruhi dan memberikan efek terhadap ketebalan lapisan yang terjadi pada Baja St.60. The hard chrome coating process is the final process or completion stage in most parts making so as not to wear out quickly, such as on the shaft, pegs, piston rings, cylinders, bearings and crank shafts. In the industrial field of mechanical properties that are much needed in the metal used is its ability to withstand wear and corrosion resistance which we know metals have a very active reaction to changes in temperature and weather, coating is necessary so that the possibility of a metal being corroded can be inhibited. The specimens used were Baja St 60 (C 0.40%; Mn 7%; Si 0.28%; P + S 0.09%; Fe 98.53%) with variations in electrical voltage: 4, 6 and 8 volts, for time variations hard chrome electroplating 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Tests carried out by measuring the thickness of the layer use a micro photo scale and calculate the thickness of the surface layer. The results showed that the higher the voltage used and the longer the coating process was hard chrome, the thickness of the layer increased. The thickest surface layer thickness was obtained at 8 volts with a coating time of 60 minutes with a layer thickness of 89.37 ?m, while the thickness of the thin surface layer was obtained at a voltage of 4 volts with a coating time of 30 minutes layer thickness of 20.18 ?m. So the electrical voltage and time of electroplating can affect and give effect to the thickness of the coating that occurs in Steel St.60

scholarly journals Design and Manufacturing of a Disposable, Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer, Microfluidic Biosensor

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Jorge Prada ◽  
Christina Cordes ◽  
Carsten Harms ◽  
Walter Lang
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Microfluidic Biosensor ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Auto Fluorescence ◽  
Reaction Processes

This contribution outlines the design and manufacturing of a biosensor for retrieval and detection of bacteria RNA. The device is fully made of Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer (COC), which features low auto-fluorescence, biocompatibility and manufacturability by hot-embossing. The RNA retrieval is carried on after bacteria heat-lysis by an on-chip micro-heater. Two additional carbon resistive temperature sensors printed on the biochip sealing film monitor the heating process. RNA is hybridized with capture probes on the reaction chamber surface and identification is achieved by detection of fluorescence tags. The application of the mentioned techniques and materials facilitates the development of low-cost, disposable albeit multi-functional microfluidic system, performing heating, temperature sensing and chemical reaction processes in the same device. By proving its effectiveness, this device contributes a reference to show the potential of fully thermoplastic devices as biosensors.

scholarly journals Study on the Mechanism of Interfacial Friction Heating in Polymer Ultrasonic Plasticization Injection Molding Process

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Peng ◽  
Bingyan Jiang ◽  
Yang Zou
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Interfacial Friction ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Friction Heating ◽  
Micro Parts

Ultrasonic Plasticization Injection Molding (UPIM) is an effective way to manufacture polymeric micro parts and has great potential for energy saving with processing polymeric materials of a small amount. To better control the UPIM process and improve the quality of micro parts, it is necessary to study the heat generation mechanism. In this paper, the interfacial friction heating process of UPIM was studied by finite element (FEM) simulation and experiment, and the temperature change in the friction interface was estimated. Then, the effects of different process parameters such as ultrasonic frequency and ultrasonic amplitude on the friction heating process were analyzed. The results showed that the rising trend of friction heating temperature was transient (finished within 1 s), and the change trend of FEM simulation was consistent with experimental results. Adjusting ultrasonic frequency and amplitude has a significant influence on the friction heating process. Increasing the ultrasonic frequency and amplitude can improve the efficiency of friction heating.

Corrosion Properties of ECAP Titanium with Bioactive Oxide Coating in Physiological Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 810 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Josef Hlinka ◽  
Ludek Dluhoš ◽  
Kateřina Dědková
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Fluorine Ions

This paper aims to comparison of corrosion properties of two titanium alloys with different grain size. These alloys are commonly used in implantology for manufacturing long term body hard tissues replacements. Surfaces of tested samples were also electrochemically anodized using fluorine ions rich environment: the main reason for anodization was to create surfaces with highly bioactive properties which can intensify healing process and result into better bonding between body tissues when they are used in implantology. It was found by direct electrochemical methods that difference of corrosion rate between anodized and non-anodized samples was not significant. Anodization results positively influenced decreasing of corrosion rate when samples were tested in aerated physiological solution (0,9 wt. % NaCl/water). Type of bonding between implant and surrounding tissue may be also predetermined by value of contact angle of tested sample and water droplet on its surface. This paper confirmed that anodization increases wettability of tested samples and lower the contact angle to ~60°. According to these results anodization process may be recommended as a profitable treatment for surfaces of tissue replacements made from titanium.

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