scholarly journals Index Model of Polder System Service using General Reduced Gradient

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1306-1312
Keyword(s):  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Index Model ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
System Service ◽  
Water Gate ◽  
Reduced Gradient ◽  
The Impact ◽  
System Operating

Polders were one of the construction that built to minimize the impact of flood, because polders have pond to create a room for water as one of the method in flood risk management. Polders usually build in low land area where water could not flow by gravity with components inside of it, which are pond, pumps, water gate and trash racks. Many cities in Indonesia has already build polders to manage the flood in an area, such as DKI Jakarta, Semarang, Bandung, East Kalimantan and others. To maintain those polder’s function, need an effort and government’s consistency to regulate activity and maintenance cost of each polder. Guideline to find out the service index of those polder are not yet available. This guideline will become important to make prioritize of managing polders. This research analyze technical and non-technical indicators would give impacts to polder’s function and formulate the service of polder system for assessment purposes. As points of this research, eight polders in DKI Jakarta which have complete components were chosen for modelling. The result of this research are technical component are mostly effected to polder system operating than non- technical component. Its proportion are 53% technical aspect and 47% non-technical aspect.

scholarly journals Service Index Indicator of Polder System with Retention Pond using PCA Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7577-7583
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Retention Pond ◽  
System Service ◽  
The World ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Research

Indonesia as an archipelago country with 2nd longest coastal line in the world mostly has routine disaster such as flood. Jakarta as capital and economic center of Indonesia has flooding problem every year. To minimalize the impact, the government of DKI Jakarta already constructed 36 polder systems since 1973. In the future there are 11 polders planned to construct. Those 36 built up polders need maintenance to keep its function. Budgeting system of polder’s maintenance cost not yet available, so to allocating budget for polder’s maintenance based on previous amount and it found ineffective. This research analyzes indicators that can be used for indexing the service of polders as an initial research. As an object of this research, 8 polders in DKI Jakarta are chosen, they are Polder Grogol, Polder Teluk Gong, Polder Melati, Polder West Setiabudi, Polder South Sunter, Polder Tomang, Polder North Sunter, and Polder Pulomas. Probably indicator affecting polder’s capacity analyze using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and resulted there are 24 indicators that can be used for analyzing polder system service level. Those indicators are separated into 2 aspects, technical and non-technical aspects

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP KINERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Jabuddin ◽  
Ayub M Padangaran ◽  
Azhar Bafadal Bafadal
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Expenditure

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the dynamics of fiscal policy and the performance of the agricultural sector, (2) Analyze the factors that influence fiscal policy and the performance                   of the agricultural sector, and (3) Analyzing the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector. The data used in this study were pooled 2005-2013 data in the aggregate. Econometric model the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector is built in the form of simultaneous equations, consisting of 7 equations with 25 total variables in the model, 7 endogenous variables, 12 exogenous variables, and 6 variables lag. The model is estimated by 2SLS method SYSLIN procedures and historical simulation with SIMNLIN procedure.The results showed that: (1) The development of fiscal policy in Southeast Sulawesi from year to year tends to increase, (2) The performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect of GDP has decreased, from the aspect of labor is still consistent, in terms of investment to grow positively, and assign roles which means to decrease the number of poor people, (3) factors affecting fiscal policy is local revenues, equalization funds, other revenues, as well as the lag fiscal policy, (4) the factors that affect the performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect GDP is labor, direct expenditure and GDP lag; from the aspect of labor is the total labor force, investment, land area, direct expenditure, as well as the lag of labor; from the aspect of investment is influenced by GDP per capita, land area, interest rates and investment lag; as well as from the aspect of poor people, are affected by population, investments, direct expenditure and poverty lag, (5). Fiscal policy impact on the agricultural sector GDP increase, a decrease in the number of poor, declining agricultural laborers, and a decrease in the amount of investment in the agricultural sector.Keywords: Fiscal policy, the performance of the agricultural sector, the simultaneous equations

scholarly journals Evaluating the effectiveness of machine acquisitions and design by the impact on maintenance cost – a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
M. Hane Hagström ◽  
K. Gandhi ◽  
D. Bergsjö ◽  
A. Skoogh
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Assessment of Rainfall-Induced Landslide Distribution Based on Land Disturbance in Southern Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Chih-Ming Tseng ◽  
Yie-Ruey Chen ◽  
Chwen-Ming Chang ◽  
Yung-Sheng Chue ◽  
Shun-Chieh Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Image ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Land Disturbance ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Landslide Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the impact of rainfall on the followed-up landslides after a severe typhoon and the relationship between various rainfall events and the occurrence, scale, and regional characteristics of the landslides, including second landslides. Moreover, the influence of land disturbance was evaluated. The genetic adaptive neural network was used in combination with the texture analysis of the geographic information system for satellite image classification and interpretation to analyze land-use change and retrieve disaster records and surface information after five rainfall events from Typhoon Morakot (2009) to Typhoon Nanmadol (2011). The results revealed that except for extreme Morakot rains, the greater the degree of slope disturbance after rain, the larger the exposed slope. Extreme rainfall similar to Morakot strikes may have a greater impact on the bare land area than on slope disturbance. Moreover, the relationship between the bare land area and the index of land disturbance condition (ILDC) is positive, and the ratio of the bare land area to the quantity of bare land after each rainfall increases with the ILDC. With higher effective accumulative rainfall on the slope in the study area or greater slope disturbance, the landslide area at the second landslide point tended to increase.

scholarly journals Micro-mechanical investigation of railway ballast behavior under cyclic loading in a box test using DEM: effects of elastic layers and ballast types

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishant Kumar ◽  
Bettina Suhr ◽  
Stefan Marschnig ◽  
Peter Dietmaier ◽  
Christof Marte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Particle Movement ◽  
Railway Ballast ◽  
Elastic Layers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Ballasted tracks are the commonly used railway track systems with constant demands for reducing maintenance cost and improved performance. Elastic layers are increasingly used for improving ballasted tracks. In order to better understand the effects of elastic layers, physical understanding at the ballast particle level is crucial. Here, discrete element method (DEM) is used to investigate the effects of elastic layers – under sleeper pad ($$\text {USP}$$USP) at the sleeper/ballast interface and under ballast mat ($$\text {UBM}$$UBM) at the ballast/bottom interface – on micro-mechanical behavior of railway ballast. In the DEM model, the Conical Damage Model (CDM) is used for contact modelling. This model was calibrated in Suhr et al. (Granul Matter 20(4):70, 2018) for the simulation of two different types of ballast. The CDM model accounts for particle edge breakage, which is an important phenomenon especially at the early stage of a tamping cycle, and thus essential, when investigating the impact of elastic layers in the ballast bed. DEM results confirm that during cyclic loading, $$\text {USP}$$USP reduces the edge breakage at the sleeper/ballast interface. On the other hand, $$\text {UBM}$$UBM shows higher particle movement throughout the ballast bed. Both the edge breakage and particle movement in the ballast bed are found to influence the sleeper settlement. Micro-mechanical investigations show that the force chain in deeper regions of the ballast bed is less affected by $$\text {USP}$$USP for the two types of ballast. Conversely, dense lateral forces near to the box bottom were seen with $$\text {UBM}$$UBM. The findings are in good (qualitative) agreement with the experimental observations. Thus, DEM simulations can aid to better understand the micro-macro phenomena for railway ballast. This can help to improve the track components and track design based on simulation models taking into account the physical behavior of ballast. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals DAMPAK PERUBAHAN GUNA LAHAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN RESAPAN AIR (KASUS: KOTA SAMARINDA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warsilan Warsilan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
City Development ◽  
Water Catchment Area ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
City Culture ◽  
Water Catchment ◽  
The Impact

As the capital of the province of East Kalimantan, Samarinda City developments has a rapid progress from year to year. Samarinda City Development has a tendency oriented towards infrastructure development without regard to the existence of the quality of the existing environment. Imbalance of development in Samarinda city is to start decreasing the water catchment area, so its make increasing intensity of flood in the Samarinda City. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of changes in land use in the Samarinda city on the ability of the water catchment area. This research method using descriptive approach, the data collection system of primary and secondary. Intensity flood in the Samarinda city  is increasing from year to year, this condition happened as a problem that always occurs during the rainy season. Current development trends, always take an area that should be an infiltration  area for Samarinda City. Culture and inadequate infrastructure conditions such as lack of system of drainage and polder, was another factor causing the high intensity of flood  in Samarinda City. Therefore, the relevant regulations development guidelines for Samarinda  City must consider all aspects of planning, in this case especially the important of a balance of cultivated land and protected areas or zones.Keywords: Changes in land use; intensity of puddles; Samarinda

scholarly journals The impact of expanding flooded land area on the annual evaporation of rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Baldocchi ◽  
Sara Knox ◽  
Iryna Dronova ◽  
Joe Verfaillie ◽  
Patty Oikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Area ◽  
Annual Evaporation ◽  
The Impact

Combined Cycle Powerplant Cost Sensitivity Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pugalenthi Nanadagopal ◽  
Animesh Pandey ◽  
Manjunath More ◽  
Pertik Kamboj
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Combine Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Combine Cycle ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In Gas turbine-based combined cycle power plant market, the customer conducts an economic evaluation of competitive products to decide their buying option. There are different methods to calculate the economics of a power plant like Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), Net present value (NPV) and payback period. LCOE methodology is commonly used for lifecycle cost analyses for combine cycle power plant that covers cost details of the plant and plant performance over the complete lifetime of a power plant from construction to retiring. Typically, it includes a combine cycle power plant ownership costs (Total plant cost and operating & maintenance cost) and combine cycle power output and efficiency. This LCOE method is helpful to compare power generation system that use similar technologies. This paper encompasses the LCOE calculation method, assumptions & approach to analyze the impact of key parameters of the electrical generation cost. They key parameters includes combine cycle output, combine cycle efficiency, fuel cost, annual operating hours, capital charge factor, annual operating hours, power plant life, discount rate, nominal escalation rate, operating & maintenance cost. This paper analyses result will provide insights to the customer & Gas turbine-based OEM (Own Equipment Manufacturing) companies to focus on different area/parameters to reduce the unit cost of generating electricity.

scholarly journals Variations of global and continental water balance components as impacted by climate forcing uncertainty and human water use

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2877-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Müller Schmied ◽  
Linda Adam ◽  
Stephanie Eisner ◽  
Gabriel Fink ◽  
Martina Flörke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Climate Forcings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. When assessing global water resources with hydrological models, it is essential to know about methodological uncertainties. The values of simulated water balance components may vary due to different spatial and temporal aggregations, reference periods, and applied climate forcings, as well as due to the consideration of human water use, or the lack thereof. We analyzed these variations over the period 1901–2010 by forcing the global hydrological model WaterGAP 2.2 (ISIMIP2a) with five state-of-the-art climate data sets, including a homogenized version of the concatenated WFD/WFDEI data set. Absolute values and temporal variations of global water balance components are strongly affected by the uncertainty in the climate forcing, and no temporal trends of the global water balance components are detected for the four homogeneous climate forcings considered (except for human water abstractions). The calibration of WaterGAP against observed long-term average river discharge Q significantly reduces the impact of climate forcing uncertainty on estimated Q and renewable water resources. For the homogeneous forcings, Q of the calibrated and non-calibrated regions of the globe varies by 1.6 and 18.5 %, respectively, for 1971–2000. On the continental scale, most differences for long-term average precipitation P and Q estimates occur in Africa and, due to snow undercatch of rain gauges, also in the data-rich continents Europe and North America. Variations of Q at the grid-cell scale are large, except in a few grid cells upstream and downstream of calibration stations, with an average variation of 37 and 74 % among the four homogeneous forcings in calibrated and non-calibrated regions, respectively. Considering only the forcings GSWP3 and WFDEI_hom, i.e., excluding the forcing without undercatch correction (PGFv2.1) and the one with a much lower shortwave downward radiation SWD than the others (WFD), Q variations are reduced to 16 and 31 % in calibrated and non-calibrated regions, respectively. These simulation results support the need for extended Q measurements and data sharing for better constraining global water balance assessments. Over the 20th century, the human footprint on natural water resources has become larger. For 11–18% of the global land area, the change of Q between 1941–1970 and 1971–2000 was driven more strongly by change of human water use including dam construction than by change in precipitation, while this was true for only 9–13 % of the land area from 1911–1940 to 1941–1970.

scholarly journals Equitable Allocation of Blue and Green Water Footprints Based on Land-Use Types: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Lu Shi ◽  
Kevin Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Lexicographic Optimization ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops a lexicographic optimization model to allocate agricultural and non-agricultural water footprints by using the land area as the influencing factor. An index known as the water-footprint-land density (WFLD) index is then put forward to assess the impact and equity of the resulting allocation scheme. Subsequently, the proposed model is applied to a case study allocating water resources for the 11 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). The objective is to achieve equitable spatial allocation of water resources from a water footprint perspective. Based on the statistical data in 2013, this approach starts with a proper accounting for water footprints in the 11 YREB provinces. We then determined an optimal allocation of water footprints by using the proposed lexicographic optimization approach from a land area angle. Lastly, we analyzed how different types of land uses contribute to allocation equity and we discuss policy changes to implement the optimal allocation schemes in the YREB. Analytical results show that: (1) the optimized agricultural and non-agricultural water footprints decrease from the current levels for each province across the YREB, but this decrease shows a heterogeneous pattern; (2) the WFLD of 11 YREB provinces all decline after optimization with the largest decline in Shanghai and the smallest decline in Sichuan; and (3) the impact of agricultural land on the allocation of agricultural water footprints is mainly reflected in the land use structure of three land types including arable land, forest land, and grassland. The different land use structures in the upstream, midstream, and downstream regions lead to the spatial heterogeneity of the optimized agricultural water footprints in the three YREB segments; (4) In addition to the non-agricultural land area, different regional industrial structures are the main reason for the spatial heterogeneity of the optimized non-agricultural water footprints. Our water-footprint-based optimal water resources allocation scheme helps alleviate the water resources shortage pressure and achieve coordinated and balanced development in the YREB.

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