scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Novel Drying Chamber in Indirect Forced Convection Solar Drying

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9s) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Effective Distribution

Long drying time and less control on drying parameters in natural convection drying give way to forced convection indirect solar drying. In forced convection drying, an external blower supplies ambient air into the solar collector. The incoming air gets heated inside the collector and this air then flows into the drying chamber where the product to be dried is kept. The hot air absorbs the moisture from the raw crops and exits through the chimney. Along with the temperature and humidity of incoming air, its distribution inside the drying chamber is also important in the process of drying. The drying rate and quality can be improved if these parameters are under control in forced convection solar drying. In this paper, design and analysis of a novel drying chamber are presented to improve the performance and energy efficiency of solar drying with effective distribution of air inside the chamber. The variation of velocity with respect to different positions inside the drying chamber is also studied numerically.

Experimental Investigation of Active Solar Dryer for Drying of Chili

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuttachai Keawsuntia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Better Than

This research paper presents the experimental results of drying of chili by using the active solar dryer and sun drying because of chili is a commercial agricultural product of Thailand. The active solar dryer consisted of a solar collector, a drying chamber and a chimney. The small fans were installed in the solar collector of active solar dryer to provide the air flow circulated in the solar collector and a drying chamber. Drying of chili of 20 kg from moisture content 84 percent wet basis to 10 percent wet basis following the Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS 3001-2010) showed that the use of the active solar dryer to make the drying time reduced about 28.7 percent compared with sun drying because of the hot air temperature inside the drying chamber higher than the ambient temperature about 10 to 15 . The quality of dried chili from the active solar dryer better than dried chili from sun drying.

scholarly journals Energy Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Dryer for Drying Coffee Beans

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Suherman Suherman ◽  
Hasri Widuri ◽  
Shelyn Patricia ◽  
Evan Eduard Susanto ◽  
Raafi Jaya Sutrisna
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Drying Chamber

In this study, hybrid solar drying of coffee beans was performed, and energy analysis was carried out, to assess the system’s performance, in terms of energy efficiency, compared to solar drying and the open sun drying method. The dryer has three compartments: solar collector for collecting solar radiation, drying chamber, and a Liquid Petroleum Gas burner, which acted as an auxiliary heater to assist the thermal energy. The drying chamber has four trays for placing the dried product. The initial moisture content of coffee beans was 54.23% w.b and was reduced to the final moisture content between 11-12% w.b. The coffee beans dried faster when subjected to the solar hybrid drying method, compared to other methods, with the dryer temperature of 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C. Results indicated that the coffee beans’ drying times varied from 10 to 14 hours. However, at temperature 50°C and 60°C for the 1st tray, the water content was reduced more rapidly compared to the other tray. From the results of this study, we can see the different efficiency of solar collector that shows of 54.15% at variable temperature 60°C for drying time 12:00 to 14:00 p.m for hybrid solar drying and for the solar drying process is 50.07% at the range of drying time 12:00 to 14:00 p.m. Mathematical modelling shows that Page model is the most suitable for describing the coffee beans’ drying behaviour using a hybrid solar dryer. The effective diffusivity values found in this experiment are all in the acceptable range for most agricultural products. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

scholarly journals Development of an Automated Solar Powered Hot-air Supplemented Dryer

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
O. Taiwo Aduewa ◽  
S. Ajiboye Oyerinde ◽  
P. Ayoola Olalusi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Drying Chamber

The world is facing two major challenges: one is to meet the exponential growing demand for energy particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries and other is to deal with global, regional and local environmental impacts resulting from supply and use of conventional energy. The cost-effective technology for solar drying that can be easily adopted among the rural farmers of developing countries needs to be developed in areas where solar energy is abundantly available. As cheap as the solar energy could be, there are associated problems with the stability of the energy for different purposes due to instability of climatic conditions. For this research, a solar powered hot-air supplemented dryer (SPHSD) with a capacity of 20 kg of sliced yam was designed and developed. The SPHSD has three sections which are solar collector chamber, drying chamber and hot-air supplement chamber which is powered with two 150-watt solar panel and a 200 amps solar battery for continuous operation during bad weather. All data were logged digitally for accuracy and test was done using yam slices. Difference in drying time and stability in drying temperature was evaluated using SPHSD and indirect solar dryer. The result shows stability of temperature in the drying chamber when SPHSD was used while the drying temperature fluctuates throughout the indirect solar drying test period. Drying experiment was conducted for 481 minutes (between 0910 hrs to 1713 hrs) reducing the moisture content from 71.91%, 72.1% and 72.8% to 27.95%, 25.78% and 28.23% for MC1, MC2 and MC3in wet basis respectively. Drying experiment was conducted for 832 minutes (between 0901 hrs to 2257 hrs) reducing the moisture content from initial moisture content levels of 72.66%, 71.48% and 71.48% to 13.47%, 12.53% and 12.54% for MC1, MC2 and MC3in wet basis respectively.

scholarly journals Drying of washed clothing utilizing solar powered dryer

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Romero R.V ◽  
Romero N.V
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Drying Chamber

This study made setups that can be used in solar powered drying of washed clothing. This was used to analyze and test the performance, and determined if there is significant difference on the drying rate of set ups related to traditional and experimental method. A solar drying chamber was designed to use local materials in which the frame is made of bamboo with walls made of plastic to trap the heat of the sunlight entering the chamber. There were four set ups that were established in the gathering of data: S-1 is with electric fan, S-2 is with electric fan and electric flat iron, S-3 which did not use the drying chamber, is a traditional method where the garments C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4 & C-5 of different sizes, shapes, width and weight were dried under the heat of the sun. S-4 is almost similar to S-3 but the difference is that the garments were dried with no sunlight. The drying chamber alone is effective to reduce the moisture content of the garments using sunlight. Using the electric fan and electric flat iron increased the circulation of the enclosed hot air and boasted the drying capacity. Although it was computed that P > ? in comparison of the data in all set ups, it is insufficient to conclude that there is no significant difference on data of the experimental and traditional set ups since the data for the traditional set ups are not complete until the garments are totally dried.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Pengeringan Kulit Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) dengan Alat Pengering Tipe Tray Dryer untuk Pembuatan Keripik Kulit Melinjo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-521
Author(s):  
Durry Munawar ◽  
Dewi Sri Jayanti ◽  
Raida Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Drying Chamber

Abstrak. Pemanfaatan kulit melinjo sebagai produk makanan olahan belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat. Biasanya kulit melinjo tidak dimanfaatkan lagi dan dibuang begitu saja padahal kulit melinjo dapat diolah kembali menjadi beberapa produk makanan seperti keripik kulit melinjo, manisan, teh, pewarna makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengeringan dan mutu dalam pembuatan keripik kulit melinjo dengan alat pengering tipe tray dryer pada suhu 35oC dan 45oC. Masing-masing suhu tersebut diulang sebanyak dua kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada suhu 35oC kelembaban udara yang diperoleh adalah 70,50% dengan lama pengeringan 390 menit (6,5 jam) dan rata-rata laju pengeringan sebesar 1,08 bk/menit, sedangkan pada suhu 45oC kelembaban udara yang diperoleh adalah 60,72% dengan lama pengeringan 300 menit (5 jam) dan rata-rata laju pengeringan sebesar 1,32 bk/menit. Kecepatan aliran udara ruang pengering pada suhu 35oC dan 45oC adalah konstan (2,4 m/s). Rata-rata kadar air awal kulit melinjo adalah 82,26% sedangkan kadar air akhir adalah 21,36%. Susut bobot pada suhu 35oC adalah 77,56% dan pada suhu 45oC adalah 77,32%. Hasil uji organoleptik terbaik adalah pada suhu 35oC dengan skor 4,28 untuk warna, 4,50 untuk aroma, 4,53 untuk rasa dan 4,40 untuk tekstur.Characteristic Melinjo Peel (Gnetum gnemon L) Drying with Tray Dryer for Making Melinjo Peel ChipsAbstract. The use of melinjo peel as a processed food product is not widely known in the public. Melinjo peel is usually no longer used and thrown away even though the peel could be reprocessed into several food products such as melinjo peel chips, confectionery, tea, and food coloring. This research aimed to determine the characteristics of drying and quality in the making of melinjo peel chips with tray dryer at 35oC and 45oC. Each temperature is repeated twice. The results showed that at a temperature of 35oC, the humidity was 70.50% with a drying time was 390 minutes (6.5 hours) and the average of drying rate was 1.08 dw/minute, meanwhile at 45oC the humidity was 60.72% with a drying time was 300 minutes (5 hours) and an average of drying rate was 1.32 dw/minute. The airflow velocity of the drying chamber at 35oC and 45oC was constant (2.4m/s). The average of initial moisture of melinjo peel was 82.26% and final moisture was 21.36%. The weight loss at 35oC was 77.56% and at 45oC was 77.32%. The best results of organoleptic test was at temperature 35oC with score 4.28 for color, 4.50 for flavor, 4.53 for taste and 4.40 for texture.

Using a Windbreak to Improve the Thermal Performance of a Flat Plate Solar Collector: A Feasibility Study

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Moaveni ◽  
Michael C. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Absorber Plate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

During the past few decades, a wide range of studies have been performed to improve the performance of flat plate solar collectors by either reducing the heat loss from a collector or by increasing the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the absorber plate. Examples of these studies include adding transparent honeycomb to fill the air gap between the glazing and absorber plate to reduce convective heat loss, replacing the air in the gap by other gases such as Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Carbon Dioxide, or adding a chemical coating such as Copper Oxide to increase absorbtance and reduce the emittance of the absorber plate. While these methods improve the collector’s efficiency, they focus primarily on limiting the natural convection that occurs in the collector cavity, or on improving the optical properties of the absorber or glazing. None of these studies have addressed the problem of heat loss due to forced convection to the surrounding ambient air in any detail. Yet, research has shown that forced convection will contribute significantly to the heat loss from a collector. Windbreaks have traditionally been used to direct wind to protect farmland, and to direct wind drifts and sand dunes. Windbreaks also have been shown to provide protection for homes from winter winds which result in reduced heating costs for buildings. While windbreaks have been traditionally used for large scale applications, there is reason to believe that similar benefits can be expected for scaled down applications such as adding a windbreak along side of a flat-plate solar collector. In this paper, we examine the feasibility of using a windbreak to provide a flat plate solar collector protection from the wind in order to improve its performance. A series of experiments were performed wherein the thermal performance of two flat-plate collectors — one without a windbreaker and one with a windbreaker — were measured. The results of these experiments are reported in this paper and the need for further studies to explore different windbreak configurations is discussed.

The CFD Simulation of Tray Dryer Design for Kenaf Core Drying

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaimi Misha ◽  
Sohif Mat ◽  
Mohd Hafidz Ruslan ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian ◽  
Elias Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Good Design ◽  
Kenaf Core ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Airflow Distribution ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Different Levels

Tray dryer is the most extensively use for kenaf core drying because of its simple and economic design. The product is spread out on trays at an acceptable thickness so that the product can be dried uniformly. Most tray dryers use hot air stream where water is vaporized from the product and removed by air stream. In a tray dryer, more products can be loaded as the trays are arranged at different levels. The drawback of this dryer is non-uniformity in the desired moisture content of end product. The key to the successful operation of the tray dryer is uniform airflow distribution over the trays. Therefore, the good design of the drying chamber configuration in a tray dryer is necessary to obtain optimum performance. This research is to design the uniform airflow distribution throughout the drying chamber using CFD simulation for kenaf core drying. Several configurations of drying chamber and trays position was designed and simulated to determine the tray dryer which can produce better airflow distribution. It was found that the design B gives a more uniform airflow distribution compared to others design. The good design of kenaf core dryer should be able to produce uniform drying at high drying capacity and shorter drying time.

scholarly journals Optimasi Pengering Pakaian Sistem Pompa Kalor dengan Penambahan Alat Penukar Kalor

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 020-027
Author(s):  
Dian Morfi Nasution ◽  
Himsar Ambarita ◽  
Farel H. Napitupulu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Types Of Clothing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Drying Chamber

Tingginya kesibukan masyarakat saat ini memacu banyaknya usaha laundry yang menawarkan jasa pencucian dan pengeringan pakaian dengan waktu yang singkat. Dalam hal ini sangat dibutuhkan sistem pengeringan pakaian yang efisien dari segi waktu dan energi serta tidak bergantung kepada cuaca. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan optimasi pengering pakaian sistem pompa kalor dengan menambahkan sebuah alat penukar kalor tipe plat datar untuk mendapatkan karakteristik pengeringan pakaian dan kinerja mesin pengering. Alat penukar kalor plat datar ditempatkan di antara ruang pengering dan evaporator. Pengeringan dilakukan terhadap 4 jenis bahan pakaian yang berbeda pada setiap variasi kecepatan udara. Diperoleh temperatur udara pada ruang pengering 48,24⁰C dengan kelembaban 24,6%. Laju pengeringan tertinggi diperoleh pada pengeringan 4 bahan pakaian secara bersamaan yaitu 0,3529 kg/jam yang menghasilkan nilai SMER sebesar 1,4537 kg/kWh dan SEC sebesar 0,6879 kWh/kg. Total prestasi pengering diperoleh 6,40 dengan efektivitas penukar kalor 62,24%. Semakin tinggi jumlah kadar air dengan waktu pengeringan yang singkat akan meningkatkan laju pengeringan. Laju pengeringan yang tinggi dengan konsumsi energi yang rendah akan menghasilkan nilai SMER yang tinggi dan menghasilkan nilai SEC yang rendah.   The high level of public activity is currently spurring the many laundry businesses that offer laundry and drying services in a short time. In this case, it needs efficient drying system in time and energy and not depending on weather. This study aims to optimize the heat pump system in drying clothes by adding a flat plate type heat exchanger to obtain the drying characteristic of clothes and the performance of the drying machine. Flat plate heat exchanger was placed between the drying chamber and the evaporator. The drying process was carried out in 4 different types of clothing material in each variation of air velocity. Air temperature was obtained in drying chamber of 48.24 ⁰C with a humidity of 24.6%. The highest drying rate was obtained from drying 4 clothing materials simultaneously, namely 0.3529 kg/hour which resulted in an SMER value of 1.4537 kg/kWh and SEC of 0.6879 kWh/kg. The total dryer performance was obtained at 6.40 with the effectiveness of heat exchanger 62.24%. The higher the amount of water in short drying time would increase the drying rate. A high drying rate with low energy consumption would result in a high SMER value and produce a low SEC value.

scholarly journals A Review on Solar Drying of Fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abdulrahim Al-Ismaili
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Drying Techniques ◽  
Dried Fish

Oman is one of the larger fish producers in the region. Due to high perishable rate of fish products, many preservation techniques were used such as smoking, drying, chilling, brining and freezing. Solar drying is the most popular technique due to its simplicity and low cost compared to other techniques. Objective. This study aims to review the different types of solar drying techniques and highlight the quality measures of solar dried fish. Review findings. Solar drying techniques can be divided into three types; open-sun drying, direct and indirect solar drying. The open-sun drying is the most adoptable method because it is the cheapest preservation technique. However, this technique has several drawbacks such as the uncertainty of weather, large implementation area, time-consuming, poor drying rate, high labour costs, attacking by insects, microorganism and birds, and mixing with dust and foreign materials. Solar dryers, on the other hand, overcome most of the drawbacks associated with open-sun drying. They have shorter drying time and higher drying rate, and at the same time they enhance the physical properties of dried fish. For better understanding of the drying processes many regression models were used and the exponential model was found to be the best fitted model describing the drying behaviour. The fish have very good nutritional value due to higher amount of proteins, lipids and ash contents with comparison to fresh fish. For higher shelf life fish has to meet certain characteristics with respect to pH, water activity, microbial load, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) and enzymatic autolysis. For a very good quality, the pH must be ranging from 6.0-6.9 and the water activity must be lower than 0.7. The TVB-N and TMA-N are indicators of spoilage and their upper acceptable limits are 10-15 mg/100g and 35-40 mg/100g, respectively. Total plate count (TPC) and total fungal count (TFC) are two attributes used to assess the microbiological quality of fish products. The autolysis changes in the fish lead to spoilage as a result of the production of biogenic amines and microbial growth. Conclusions. Studying the health aspect of dried fish is very important for the human body to obtain a greater proportion of proteins and important substances away from the harmful chemicals that may appear in traditional draying technique.

scholarly journals Drying of cherry tree chips in the experimental biomass dryer with solar collector

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova ◽  
B. Havrland ◽  
P. Hutla ◽  
A. Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Drying Chamber

Drying significantly influences the process of a biomass conversion into the renewable energy source as well as quality of solid biofuels (briquettes, pellets). The research is focused on monitoring and evaluation of the drying process in the case of cherry tree chips drying in experimental biomass dryer with solar collector. The dryer has been conceived as a result of the project which was realized at the State Agrarian University of Moldova. Technological and construction specifics of the biomass dryer are described in the paper. The moisture content of the cherry tree chips was observed in dependence of the drying time and at different locations of the drying chamber. The drying process in the biomass layer was found as non-uniform. Further parameters such as relative air humidity and the air temperature were measured and analysed, as well. It was concluded that the experimental biomass dryer with solar collector can work well in the conditions of the Central Moldova during the sunny period of the year.

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