scholarly journals Effective Utilization of Quarry Residues and Mineral Admixtures in High Strength Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2652-2658
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Chloride Ingress ◽  
Concrete Durability ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Cost

The various requesting utilization of cement is not promptly met with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) alone. To satisfy up the need and just as guaranteed the green concrete durability, it has ends up important to add mineral increments with the best blend of others by-product as substitution to improve the performance without risking the quality of the concrete. In the construction industry, OPC cement and stream sand are utilized as significant material making it rare and restricted. While, with respect to the cement is notable as the greatest guilty parties for discharging carbon dioxide (CO2). Consequently, incomplete substitution of cement turns into a need just as common sand in concrete by waste material or byproduct without bargaining the nature of the finished result. Fractional supplanting with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS), Silica Fume (SF) fuses with 100% of quarry dust (QD) as sand substitution has been utilized. The utilization of 100% QD with OPC+SF delivered increasingly durable concrete with low chloride ingress and preferred outfitting over with 100% stream sand. Notwithstanding the cost impact advantage, the decrease in exhaustion of stream sand, tending to condition and manageability issues, it is a significant commitment in making green concrete.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF QUARRY DUST WITH CEMENT BY-PRODUCTS ON PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaharatul Dini Karen Lee Abdullah ◽  
Nazri Ali ◽  
Roslli Noor Mohamed ◽  
Mohammed Mu’azu Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Concrete Durability ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Mineral Additions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Quarry Dust

The numerous demanding application of concrete is not readily met with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) alone. To meet up the demand and as well as ensured the green concrete durability, it has becomes necessary to incorporate mineral additions with the best combination of others by-product as replacement to improve the performance without jeopardizing the strength of the concrete. In the construction industry, OPC cement and river sand are used as important building material making it scarce and limited. Whereas, as for the cement is well known as the biggest culprits for emitting carbon dioxide (CO2). Hence, partial replacement of cement becomes a necessity as well as natural sand in concrete by waste material or by-product without compromising the quality of the end product. Partial replacement with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS), Fly Ash (PFA), Silica Fumes (SILICA) incorporates with 100% of Quarry Dust (QD) as sand replacement. The usage of 100% QD with OPC+PFA+SILICA (Mix 2) produced more durable concrete with good temperature control and better furnishing than with 100% river. In addition to the cost effect benefit, the reduction in depletion of river sand, addressing environment and sustainability issues, it is a valuable contribution in creating a green concrete.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Mineral Admixtures on the Properties of Fresh Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaqat Ullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Fadhil Nuruddin ◽  
Tehmina Ayub ◽  
Nasir Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Of Hydration ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

This paper presents a review of the properties of fresh concrete including workability, heat of hydration, setting time, bleeding, and reactivity by using mineral admixtures fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin (MK), and rice husk ash (RHA). Comparison of normal and high-strength concrete in which cement has been partially supplemented by mineral admixture has been considered. It has been concluded that mineral admixtures may be categorized into two groups: chemically active mineral admixtures and microfiller mineral admixtures. Chemically active mineral admixtures decrease workability and setting time of concrete but increase the heat of hydration and reactivity. On the other hand, microfiller mineral admixtures increase workability and setting time of concrete but decrease the heat of hydration and reactivity. In general, small particle size and higher specific surface area of mineral admixture are favourable to produce highly dense and impermeable concrete; however, they cause low workability and demand more water which may be offset by adding effective superplasticizer.

scholarly journals Carbon fiber. Obtaining, modification, properties, applications.

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Anna N. Nurmukhametova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Polyacrylonitrile Precursor

The main methods for producing a polyacrylonitrile precursor, methods for producing carbon fiber, its properties, and applications are presented. Patent research in the field of polyacrylonitrile precursor and carbon fiber. Technological problems in the subject area are identified, namely the development of technologies and equipment for producing high-strength carbon fiber, the development of technologies and equipment to reduce the cost of carbon fiber production, the development of technologies for improving the quality of carbon fiber-based composites, and the main ways to solve them are given. Ways to solve them are developing a technology for producing a polyacrylonitrile precursor for producing high-strength carbon fibers by the wet spinning method, developing a “dry-wet” method for producing polyacrylonitrile, developing high-performance equipment for producing technical polyacrylonitrile precursor in the form of bundles, developing technologies and equipment for efficient regeneration and utilization waste, heat and emissions from the production of carbon fibers, the development of new compositions of precursors and the transition to materials with a higher linear density, optimization of the structure of carbon fiber reinforced plastic to increase strength, the development of technologies and the creation of production of modern types of binders, including the addition of nanoparticles. The main methods for modifying the surface of a carbon fiber that are currently existing are considered.

scholarly journals National Therapeutic Indicators in Scotland and Financial Incentives

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean MacBride-Stewart ◽  
Bruce Guthrie ◽  
Charis Marwick ◽  
Simon Hurding
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Trends

Background with rationale National Therapeutic Indicators (NTI) in Scotland use national administrative data to identify variation and drive quality improvement in GP practice prescribing. Twelve indicators were developed in 2011 and in 2012 practices were offered financial incentives to review their prescribing in two where there was greatest potential for improvement. Main AimTo quantify the impact of 2012 NTI alone and in combination with financial incentives. Methods/ApproachSix NTI were selected for analysis, aiming for heterogeneity in terms of whether the focus was quality of care (clinical) or cost effectiveness (cost). Impact was evaluated using segmented linear regression of time-series prescribing data, and changes in prescribing at 12 and 24 months after NTI introduction were estimated. Other national interventions expected to influence GP prescribing were also modelled. ResultsOne selected NTI could not be modelled because of non-linear trends in the baseline period. In practices not financially incentivised to review prescribing, improvements were variable. At 12 months relative changes were dipyridamole −31.9% (95%CI; −43.1 to −20.7), quinine −3.6% (95%CI; −7.2 to −0.1), non-preferred statins 6.2% (95%CI; 1.0 to 11.5), hypnotics and anxiolytics −2.9% (95%CI; −7.3 to 1.6) and high strength inhaled corticosteroids −1.0% (95%CI; −1.7 to −0.3). In comparison financially incentivising practices resulted in larger improvements and improvements in all NTIs modelled. At 12 months relative changes were dipyridamole −65.3% (95%CI; −68.4 to −62.2), quinine −52.3% (95%CI; −54.7 to −49.9), non-preferred statins −17.8% (95%CI; −21.9 to −13.6), hypnotics and anxiolytics −9.6% (95%CI; −12.6 to −6.7) and high strength inhaled corticosteroids −6.0% (95%CI; −7.3 to −4.8). ConclusionGP prescribing can be improved through feedback of national administrative data prescribing indicators. Impact on prescribing is larger when financial incentives to focus on particular areas of prescribing are additionally used.

Studying the Performance of Composites Based on Thermally Modified and UV-Treated Wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
R.R. Khasanshin ◽  
R.R. Safin ◽  
S.R. Mukhametzyanov
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Surface Wettability ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
The Cost

To enhance the quality of wood and extend its industrial applications, various methods of wood modification are being developed. It is well known that the thermal treatment of wood may considerably enhance its moisture resistance, reduce its hygroscopicity, and increase its rot proofing. However, reducing the absorptive capacity of wood adversely affects the process of obtaining wood-based composites. Pressure and pressing time increase, which finally increases the cost of the end product. Thus, this study represents the research in how ultraviolet exposure affects the physical properties of wood that has been pre-treated thermally, followed by obtaining a composite. An experimental wood-modifying facility has been developed. We have considered the process of the moisture absorption of the material that has been exposed to thermal modification and UV-radiation. From the experiments conducted, we have found that the UV exposure of wood samples causes an increase in the surface wettability of the thermally modified material. It is found that the most active process of surficial inactivation runs within 60-90 minutes of the UV-exposure of wood. Post-treatment does not result in any considerable changes in the surface wettability. This treatment promotes the increasing adhesion of water-borne binders to the material surface in developing high-strength composites based on modified wood.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Friction Stir Weldability of AA8006 with Zirconia Particle Reinforcement and Optimized Process Parameters

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2782
Author(s):  
Thanikodi Sathish ◽  
Abdul Razak R. Kaladgi ◽  
V. Mohanavel ◽  
K. Arul ◽  
Asif Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Zirconia Particle ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Joint Quality ◽  
The Cost

A lightweight, highly corrosive resistant, and high-strength wrought alloy in the alumi-num family is the Aluminium 8006 alloy. The AA8006 alloy can be formed, welded, and adhesively bonded. However, the recommended welding methods such as laser, TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas welding), and ultrasonic are more costly. This investigation aims to reduce the cost of welding with-out compromising joint quality by means of friction stir welding. The aluminum alloy-friendly re-inforcement agent zirconia is utilized as particles during the weld to improve the performance of the newly identified material AA8006 alloy in friction stir welding (FSW). The objectives of this research are to identify the level of process parameters for the friction stir welding of AA8006 to reduce the variability by the trial-and-error experimental method, thereby reducing the number of samples needing to be characterized to optimize the process parameters. To enhance the quality of the weld, the friction stir processing concept will be adapted with zirconia reinforcement during welding. The friction stir-processed samples were investigated regarding their mechanical proper-ties such as tensile strength and Vickers microhardness. The welded samples were included in the corrosion testing to ensure that no foreign corrosive elements were included during the welding. The quality of the weld was investigated in terms of its surface morphology, including aspects such as the dispersion of reinforced particles on the welded area, the incorporation of foreign elements during the weld, micro defects or damage, and other notable changes through scanning electron microscopy analysis. The process of 3D profilometry was employed to perform optical microscopy investigation on the specimens inspected to ensure their surface quality and finish. Based on the outcomes, the optimal process parameters are suggested. Future directions for further investigation are highlighted.

Studies on Influence of Mineral Admixtures on High Performance Concrete Gas Permeability

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 762-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Tang Zhang ◽  
Kang Ning Gao ◽  
Xiao Chen Zhou ◽  
Hong Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Concrete Durability ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Water Binder Ratio

There is a close relationship between the gas permeability of modern high strength concrete and the concrete durability. Through the Cembureau method, gas permeability coefficients of ordinary concrete and concrete with admixtures under different maintenance periods were tested. We studied the influence of fly ash and slag on high performance concrete gas permeability, and analysed the rules of gas permeability changing with mineral admixtures and the water-binder ratio, and gave the reasonable range of mineral admixtures and the water-binder ratio. The results from the paper may have the certain reference value to practical application.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nanomaterials on the Properties of Limestone Dust Green Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 7619-7623
Author(s):  
S. M. Alsaedy ◽  
N. Aljalawi
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Limestone Dust

Portland cement is considered the most involved product in environmental pollution. It is responsible for about 10% of global CO2 emissions [1]. Limestone dust is a by-product of limestone plants and it is produced in thousands of tons annually as waste material. To fulfill sustainability requirements, concrete production is recommended to reduce Portland cement usage with the use of alternative or waste materials. The production of sustainable high strength concrete by using nanomaterials is one of the aims of this study. Limestone dust in 12, 16, and 20% by weight of cement replaced cement in this study. The study was divided into two parts: the first was devoted to the investigation of the best percentage of replacement of waste lime. The second part of the study evaluated the performance of concrete when adding nanomaterials. Three percentages of cement replacement 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% with nano-Al2O3 were used. The most efficient content of hydrated lime used in this study which achieves sustainability and maintains the quality of concrete was (16%). On the other hand, it was found that the best percentage of nano-Al2O3 as a partial replacement of cement is 1.5%.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SLAG ACTIVATED PHC-PILE WITH REDUCED CEMENT CONTENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Hongseok Jang ◽  
Seungyoung So
Keyword(s):  
Cement Content ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) powders, the massive by-products produced in the process of manufacturing cast iron are actively used as a substitute for cement, one of the major causes of greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proper mixing ratio of the activator, and to reduce the usage of cement in the production of high-strength steam cured concrete using GGBS. The cured products of various ratio were analyzed by XRD and TG/DTA, and the best ratio of the cured product were applied to the Pre-stressed high-strength concrete (PHC) Pile, and the performance was then evaluated. The results showed that the fluidity was improved by mixing with GGBS, and when an appropriate amount of activator was used, it was possible to produce high-strength cured products. In the PHC-Pile test, the replacement rate of 40% GGBS and combined 4% anhydrite gypsum and 2% Ca(OH)2 as an activator was excellent. The compressive strength (2MPa more), shear strength (1.3MPa more), and Axial force strength (2.7Mpa more) were more improved than for the normal Portland cement PHC-Pile, and this GGBS pile can be manufactured more economically (the cost can be saved in the amount of 14.5%). This is caused by the activating agent destroying the glassy film of the GGBS, and actively inducing the pozzolanic reaction, so that the hydrate materials are generated, such as C–S–H. In addition, by positively utilizing the inexpensive industrial by-product, GGBS, it is possible to manufacture environmentally friendly concrete products, while reducing the amount of cement used.

The Use of Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe in CO2 Flood Enhanced Oil Recovery

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaine Weller ◽  
Anwar Parvez ◽  
Jeff Conley ◽  
Eric Slingerland
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Flow Line ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Cost

Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe (RTP) is a new technology that is reducing the cost of constructing oil and gas gathering pipelines while improving reliability. The following material will be described: RTP construction, materials, performance, compatibility, joining systems, installation methodologies, and carbon dioxide (CO2) specific test results. RTP combines high performing materials such as bimodal high density polyethylene with high strength reinforcing fibers in a unique construction to create a spoolable high pressure pipeline system. This construction is well suited to upstream flow line and gathering applications as well as distribution applications. The primary benefit of RTP is realized by the installation methodologies available which contribute overall project savings of up to 30–50% for typical oil and gas applications. Additional installation benefits include reduced right of way requirements, reduced safety hazards, and reduced environmental impact. For applications which corrode steel, the additional corrosion resistance benefits of RTP are extremely compelling. The cost of constructing pipelines has been steadily increasing in past years due to many factors including the rising cost of steel and limited availability of skilled labor. There continues to be a desire to tie in new gas wells faster due to limited construction timeframes. Pipeline corrosion is a major problem for the industry. RTP provides solutions to all of these challenges.

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