scholarly journals Informatization and Informalization of Gender and Workforce, the Paradoxes of India’s Growth and Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11S) ◽  
pp. 680-684
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Industrial Evolution ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Transformational Development ◽  
Living Being

The Labour is the natural prime factor of production,which produces and transform goods, services, economy, state, society and system from one form to another and cultivate the natural flora and fauna factors by their continuous physical and mental efforts for the survival of thehuman living being of the world. The living being, journey of numerous civilizations beyond the numeric counting and calculations has been working, inventing, innovating for a better life, society and system. This paper studies the manual traditional and modern mechanized agricultural and industrial evolution of Indian economy in the world contemporary times and assessing the various socioeconomic factors which has been the obstacle and challenging resistivefactors of economic growth transformation into the development, as the Indian economy has made tremendous growth in information technology and GDP since 1980 which is now the third biggest economy on PPP which didn’t converted into the transformational development, which resulted into increase in sizes of vulnerable unorganized workers and decrease in the female participation rate in labour force (FPRLF) in the hyper economic growth regime, which has resulted into informalization of women and labour at large in post 1945 US structured capitalistic Washington consensus regulated major liberalized free market determined world has produced the paradox of India’s high Economic growth with one worst Human Development

DEMOGRAPHY PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CHINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Elena Pekhtereva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Populous Country ◽  
Low Rate

The review examines the results of the December 2020 official census of the population of China, the most populous country in the world. It is noted that the Chinese government is seriously concerned about the low rate of population growth. The authorities fear that a slowdown in population growth and its aging while the size of the labour force is decreasing may seriously slow down economic growth. The opinions and statements of analysts on the prospects of the demographic situation in China in the context of its socio-economic development are presented.

The dynamic relationships between the female labour force and the economic growth

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım ◽  
Hilal Akinci
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Total Labour

PurposeIn this study, the relationship between female labour force participation rate and economic growth is investigated in middle-income countries. The study covers the period of 2001–2016 by employing a dynamic panel approach. Pooled Ordinary Least Square and Fixed Effects model estimations are calculated as a decision criterion to select proper GMM Method. The outcomes indicate that the proper estimation technique, which is a System-GMM model, evidences the U Feminisation Theory for the middle-income countries while controlling all other factors.Design/methodology/approachThe novelty of this study is that the research not only employs both difference and system generalised method of moments (GMM) estimators but also includes main explanatory variables such as education, fertility, and total labour force rate. The study provides an opportunity to review the U-shape nexus between the female labour force and economic growth while controlling education, fertility and total labour participation rate.FindingsThe estimation implies that middle-income countries support a U-shaped relationship. The fertility rate does not impact on the female labour force, and education and total labour force level have a positive influence on women's participation in the labour market.Research limitations/implicationsThis study used data that include the period of 2001–2016 for middle-income countries. So, further studies can use different periods of data or different countries.Practical implicationsThe authors emphasise the importance of economic growth for female labour force for middle-income countries. Thus, a country intending to increase female labour force should also focus on its economic growth. As the study points out, middle-income countries staying under the minimum threshold, $4698.15 (per capita), should priorities their economic improvement policies to reach their female labour force participation goal. Those countries also should be prepared for a female labour force participation declining phase until they reach the turning point income level.Social implicationsFurthermore, education is one of the critical determinants that have an impact on FLFPR. The equal opportunity for both genders to engage in education should be considered as a policy. If females do not have an equal chance to enrolment in education, it may influence the policy of increasing female labour force adversely. Fertility rate appears no more statistically significant in our study. Moreover, today, there are some countries they practise equality between genders by providing equally extended parental leave, which may be a promising policy for gender equality in the labour force and may worth a try.Originality/valueSome previous studies may suffer model mistakes due to lack of consideration the endogeneity problem and bias issue of the results as suggested by Tam (2011). Moreover, previous studies tend to choose either studying U-feminisation as excluding other variables or studying determinants of female labour force participation rate as excluding U-feminisation theory. There is not any panel data study acknowledging both concepts by using recent data to the best knowledge of the authors. Thus, the novelty of this study is that the research not only employs both difference and system generalised method of moments (GMM) estimators but also includes main explanatory variables such as education, fertility, and total labour force rate. The study provides an opportunity to review the U-shape nexus between the female labour force and economic growth while controlling education, fertility and total labour participation rate.

scholarly journals The Age of Milton Friedman

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Shleifer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Milton Friedman ◽  
The World

Between 1980 and 2005, as the world embraced free market policies, living standards rose sharply, while life expectancy, educational attainment, and democracy improved and absolute poverty declined. Is this a coincidence? A collection of essays edited by Balcerowicz and Fischer argues that indeed reliance on free market forces is key to economic growth. A book by Stiglitz and others disagrees. I review and compare the two arguments.

scholarly journals Labour force participation in New Zealand: Tecent trends, future scenarios and the impact on economic growth.

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Paterson ◽  
Simon Brown
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines labour force participation trends in New Zealand, how we compare to the rest of the OECD and how participation and economic growth might be affected in the future by population ageing. Participation has risen significantly over the past 20 years despite an increase in the average age of the working­age population. We have looked at how participation has changed by age, gender and ethnicity. By contrast, average hours worked has declined over the past 20 years and we consider the reasons for that. Population ageing means the recent growth seen in labour force participation is likely to come to an end, with the participation rate projected to decline over the medium term. Falling participation will have a dampening effect on economic growth. We have investigated the impact of declining participation on gross domestic product using official labour force projections and identified a range of scenarios for what participation might look like in the year 2029. In each scenario, we discuss the impact on economic growth. Most other OECD countries are in a similar situation to us with respect to population ageing. We have looked at the latest Australian projections for economic growth in the long term and the increased growth in New Zealand’s productivity that would be necessary to begin to close the gap on Australia.

scholarly journals Economic globalisation and paradoxes

Temida ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Mirjana Dokmanovic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
World Population ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Rich

The increased development of technology and integration of markets have created possibilities to eradicate hunger, poverty and other illnesses of the mankind. Contrary, the world is facing opposite trends: the widening gap between the rich and the poor, increasing poverty, human security and conflicts. The negative effects of the globalisation that experience the majority of the world population are rooted at the ruling neoliberal model of macro economy, shaped and dictated by the international financial institutions, WTO, multilateral companies and transnational corporations. This logic is based on the free market economy, free flow of capital, resources, investments and labour force, trade liberalisation, deregulation, privatisation, reduction of social services, and elimination of the concept of ?the public good?. This economic model induces exploitation, discrimination, and inequalities, and therefore, it suits only to the big and powerful (states, markets, companies, individuals...), while brings disadvantages to the small and less powerful (states, markets, companies, individuals...). In addition, it deepens historical and contemporary inequalities based on race, sex, ethnicity, nationality etc. between and within states, and regions, including the West and the North. This context of development especially hurts vulnerable and marginalised groups, including women, resulting in their social exclusion and increased poverty. The efforts regarding the realisation of the UN Millennium Development Goals, including eradication of poverty and hunger, and development of gender equity, will be not effective at all until the neoliberal model should be replaced by the heliocentric, human rights approach to development.

scholarly journals The Nexus of Economic Growth, Education, Fertility Rate and Female Labour Supply: Empirical Evidence in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
Han Hwa Goh ◽  
Vishalini Macharagai ◽  
Siew Bee Thai ◽  
Boon Heng Teh ◽  
Tze San Ong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Labour Participation

Malaysia, a fast-growing developing country in Asia, has envisioned Shared Prosperity Vision 2030 to become a developed economy with high income via sustainable and inclusive economic growth by the year 2030. To accomplish this vision, female labour participation is needed as the female population constitutes almost half of Malaysia’s total population. However, female labour participation rate is way lower than Malaysia’s overall labour force participation rate.The relatively low female labour participation rate can be a barrier to Malaysia’s economic development and thus the realization of its goal of a high income nation.Therefore, this paper makes an attempt to examine empirically the long-run causal association among female labour force participation, economic growth, education, and fertility rate. The interrelationships among the variables are examined using the bounds test and Toda-Yamamoto granger non-causality methodology. The result of the study indicates a strong evidence of long-run relationship among the variables. Besides, we have found a significant inverted-U-shaped association linking the female labour force participation to the economic growth in Malaysia. The results of Granger causality tests further confirm that there is a strong evidence of bidirectional causality from education to economic growth as well as female labour participation. Besides, the results also show significant unidirectional causality from female labour force participation and fertility to economic growth.

scholarly journals Covid-19 and Its Impact on E-Administration, Employment and Migration in the Indian Economy, (In the Present Context)

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Bharath K M ◽  
Arun Kumar L S
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
National Income ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

India is the second largest populated country in the world and largest market Economy for most of the developed countries in the world like MNC’s (Multi-National Companies) like automobiles, telephone and communication, educational services, start-up’s, call centres and global level entrepreneurs like to invest in India, due to huge demand for consumer goods and technological products India is one of the largest growing developing economy in the world after China in 2019, with an average GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of 7 percent from2015-2019, with huge FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), India is said to be the country with huge foreign returns in the world. But due to covid-19 has made most of the states in India are in standstill position due to lockdown situation, the income generating sources of the government is unable to generate income as most of the unorganised sectors like migrant workers, small wage labourers contribution to Indian economic growth and business is in standstill stage in the 40 days of Indian government lockdown, this is causing to increase in unemployment ratio in many sectors like educational services, real estate companies etc. only in some organised sectors there is processing of work through online (e-commerce) or in digital mode of transaction, but the unorganised sector workers and daily wage workers or migrants who travelled from far states are unable to earn for their lively wages. Indian government preference to health emergency and relief package of 20 Lakh crore Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan is burden for Indian economic growth as the government is distributing from March 2020. This pandemic has made India`s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth rate prediction below 4%, according to the report of ADB (Asian Development Bank). IMF (International Monetary Fund) has predicted that Indian economy is expected to grow at -10.3 %, according to the source provided by “The Hindu”. There is a need for all the sectors in the economy for digital inclusion, India can try to improve by making all payments and receipts in unorganised sectors through Digital Mode. India can use this global pandemic situation by making India as one of the favourite investment destination for FDI, business and e-commerce in the globe. The purpose of this study is to analyse Covid-19 impact on Indian economy through migration, e-commerce, business and remedies to overcome the pandemic to the growth of National Income (GDP), by implementing various schemes like Make in India and self-reliant India by fiscal and monetary policies.

scholarly journals Poverty and International Relations Theory

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Laura Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Free Market ◽  
State Power ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
International Order ◽  
The World ◽  
World Poverty ◽  
Market Ideology

World Poverty. Why has this problem persisted through years of unprecedented economic growth throughout most of the world? This paper proposes that the problem is theoretical. The main theories, such as Realism and Modernization rely on fundamental assumptions such as international order through the maintenance of state power, or free market ideology, which serve to exacerbate, rather than solve, the problem of poverty. The result is either the misrepresentation of poverty, or the blatant ignorance of its existence by these dominant theories.

scholarly journals Discussion of Financial Integration at the Global Market Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Turgut TURSOY ◽  
Niyazi BERK
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
The World

This paper purpose is to discuss the latest troubling episode and remind the most critical event again at the world is the integration. First, the last attempt by the countries had been discussing and pronoun that the free market and its extensions are the most prominent phenomena around the world that market participants' perceptions are determined the equilibria prices freely. All the development into the markets witnesses that free market dynamics and the creation of the single global market is the most dominant factor to create a tremendous stimulus behind economic growth. This paper consequently supporting the view that financial integration is providing the necessary conditions to risk-sharing and capital flows to stimulus the economic growth with the expected level at global.

scholarly journals Population Growth and Economic Development in Developing and Developed Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Noorjima Abd Wahab ◽  
Mahadzirah Mohamad ◽  
Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi ◽  
Mohamad Shaharudin Samsurijan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

This research examines the effects of population growth on the economic development between the two developed and developing countries which is Singapore and Malaysia. They were many previous studies that have sought to gauge the effects or impact of population growth along the economic development. It was said that there was a strong relationship between the effects of population growth and the economic development, which is the growth of population is depending on the economic growth. Singapore was well known worldwide as a highly developed free-market economy. The economy of Singapore has been ranked as the most open in the world and the most-pro business. The population in the country is estimated at 5.5 million recently. As for Malaysia, it is known as the most competitive developing countries and is ranked on the 5th largest in South Asia. The population estimated at 31.63 million in Malaysia.  

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