scholarly journals Evaluation of Electric and Magnetic Fields Distribution and SAR with the Help of Intensity of Time Averaged Electromagnetic Wave

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 5495-9498
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Implantable Devices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leakage Magnetic Field ◽  
Long Time

Potential Risk From Exposure to EMF have been explored for a long time .Different research endeavours have tended to security rules to Protect the Human body from EM penetration. The study of Electromagnetic fields and nonionizing effects on human body is a very useful due to possible health effects that these many electromagnetic field can cause in humans. At the point when an Electric or Magnetic field Penetrates into body ,it is weakened and some portion of is assimilated inside the body tissue. Impact of EM on Human body relies upon force of Electromagnetic field and distance of EM source to human body.Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is a parameter used to estimate amount of energy absorbed by a human body.SAR Is depends on Frequency and Intensity of Electromagnetic wave. Broad Research is already done on Reduction of SAR in the case over usage of Mobile phones units but SAR minimization in Medical Application like MRI is always a challenge to Researchers. The advantages of Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) have made it the Radiological Method of Choice for an extraordinary Number of analytic Procedures,but the drawback is options are limited in the case of patients who are having implantable devices,The SAR Value is increased due to implantable devices because of temperature Rise. Leakage Magnetic field from the diagnosis instruments leads to hazardous to medical Personnel. this Paper is a initiated work on Study of SAR considering the intensity of electromagnetic wave and assessment of SAR in case of leakage of Magnetic field leakage.

A New Method to Concentrate Electromagnetic Field Within ROI Using a High Dielectric Material in 3T Body MRI

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu S. Park ◽  
Sunder S. Rajan ◽  
Leonardo M. Angelone
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
High Dielectric

We present numerical simulation results showing that high dielectric materials (HDMs) when placed between the human body model and the body coil significantly alter the electromagnetic field inside the body. The numerical simulation results show that the electromagnetic field (E, B, and SAR) within a region of interest (ROI) is concentrated (increased). In addition, the average electromagnetic fields decreased significantly outside the region of interest. The calculation results using a human body model and HDM of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) show that the mean local SAR was decreased by about 56% (i.e., 18.7 vs. 8.2 W/kg) within the body model.

Isotropic polyconvex electromagnetoelastic bodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-747
Author(s):  
M Šilhavý
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Equilibrium Solution ◽  
Deformation Gradient ◽  
Electric Displacement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Energy Functions

The recent renewal of interest in nonlinear electromagnetoelastic interactions comes from the technological importance of electro- or magnetosensitive elastomers, smart materials whose mechanical properties change instantly on the application of an electric or magnetic field. We consider materials with free energy functions of the form [Formula: see text], where F is the deformation gradient, d is the electric displacement, and b is the magnetic induction. It was recently shown by the author that such an energy function is polyconvex if and only if it is of the form [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a convex function (of 31 scalar variables). Moreover, an existence theorem was proved for the equilibrium solution for a system consisting of a polyconvex electromagnetoelastic solid plus the vacuum electromagnetic field outside the body. The condition (8), is not just the combination of Ball’s polyconvexity of elastomers [Formula: see text] with the convexity in the electromagnetic variables. The differential constraints div [Formula: see text], div [Formula: see text] allow for the cross mechanical–electric and mechanical–magnetic terms Fd and Fb which substantially enlarge the class of energies covered by the theory. The result (*), applies to a material of any symmetry; this paper analyzes the condition in the case of isotropic materials. A broad sufficient condition for the polyconvexity is given in that case. Further, it is shown that the commonly used isotropic electroelastic or magnetoelastic invariants are polyconvex except for the biquadratic ones; the paper explicitly determines their quasiconvex envelopes and shows that they are polyconvex.

The effect of conducted electrical weapons on the human body

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Sigitas Laima ◽  
Dmitrij Fomin ◽  
Algimantas Jasulaitis ◽  
Gerda Andriuškevičiūtė ◽  
Sigitas Chmieliauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Electrical Devices ◽  
Affected Person ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Electrical Impulses

Background and objective. Fatal accidents occur due to the effect of electric current on the human body. The most common reasons are invalid electrical installations or misuse of electrical devices, but rarely murder and suicide cases are possible. Recently, conducted electrical weapon handling cases which resulted in sudden death have been observed. In this article we have provided our findings about the effects of conducted electrical weapons on the heart muscle, with emphasis on the use of conducted electrical weapons by officials. Materials and methods. Lithuanian and foreign authors’ findings about the effect of conducted electrical weapons on the heart muscle are analysed. Recommendations for the use of these weapons are made to the officials. The results are evaluated using descriptive statistical methods. Results. The working principle of this weapon is the effect on striated muscles. The muscles contract reacting to electric impulses, hence the affected person cannot struggle with the policeman. Although this weapon was created as a safe tool to suppress aggressive persons, new researches revealed its dangerous effect on the heart muscle that caused fatal arrhythmias. Conclusions. Stress on the body, systemic disease and the presence of chemicals in the body modify the body’s response to electrical impulses that directly increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia due to the developing of ventricular fibrillation and probability of sudden cardiac death. It is recommended to officials who use conducted electrical weapons that in the location of the event there should be qualified medical personnel (ambulance) able to provide the first aid in case of complications after the use of the weapon.

scholarly journals БЕЗКОНТАКТНЕ ЕЛЕКТРОЖИВЛЕННЯ ІМПЛАНТАТІВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Володимир Петрович Олійник ◽  
Дар’я Вікторівна Теличко
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alternating Magnetic Field ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
The Impact

The issues of long-term implants using in the human body are considered. Particular attention is paid to the problem of contactless supply of power to artificial organs with significant energy consumption. Using non-contact energy supply to a fully implanted technical device reduces the risk of infections getting into the patient's body as compared to the use of a power line that is output through internal tissues to the skin surface. The well-known developments of artificial heart apparatus were used as the object of analysis. Their main technical characteristics are considered. The maximum power consumption of these devices is about 20 watts, including models AbioCor. The design of the AbioCor was produced as a fully implanted contactless power unit, but the project was not completed. Although the principle of contactless power supply is undoubtedly an innovative step in the development of implant designs. As a result of the technical implementation of this principle, the following was obtained: it is advisable to use an alternating magnetic field with an inductive coupling between an external and an internal inductor for non-contact energy supply of implants; the use of frequencies of an alternating magnetic field of ~ 100 kHz makes it possible to obtain a compromise solution between the required depth of penetration into biotissues, insignificant heat formation in them and the size and mass of inductors. Under such conditions, the location in the body of the receiving inductor can be determined by medical recommendations. Evaluation experiments were carried out to determine the effective scheme of inclusion of the transmitting and receiving circuits, and the effect on the transmission coefficient of the electrophysical properties of the environment between them. It is shown that for working out of technical solutions of hardware realization of contactless power supply, implantation elements can be placed in saline solution as a model of bioenvironment. It is recommended to use serial element base and circuit solutions used for contactless power supply of radio electronic devices. Also, a quantitative assessment of the additional heat load of the implant on the human body was carried out, since part of the energy of the apparatus and its work, in accordance with the efficiency, inevitably goes into the heat eventually. A simplified calculation of the impact of implant energy losses on the thermal state of the body showed that overheating by 1 °C would be achieved provided the complete insulation of the area, on average, 8.6 hours. This proves the non-critical overheating of the body with implants, and allows the maintenance of a stable body temperature by physiological mechanisms.

Analysis of the Amount of Polyphenols, Flavonoids and Assessment of the Antioxidant Capacity of Frozen Fruits

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Pallag ◽  
Tunde Jurca ◽  
Vasile Sirbu ◽  
Ana Honiges ◽  
Claudia Jurca
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Long Time

The data from literature shows that frozen vegetal products preserve their nutritional qualities for a long time. Fruits have a high content of substances with antioxidant capacity in the body. There are many recent studies demonstrating the importance of antioxidant substances in neutralizing free radicals in the human body. In this study there were analysed phenolic compounds and flavonoids in eight different species of fruits, belonging to three families. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated by: CUPRAC assay, ABTS method and FRAP method. Our results show that the studied fruits represent rich sources of compounds with antioxidant capacity.

The Influence of the Human Body on Electric and Magnetic Field Components in the Immediate Vicinity of the Body

Frequenz ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (9-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schallner ◽  
Jan Waldmann ◽  
Stefan Hübner ◽  
Friedrich Landstorfer ◽  
Helmut Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Field

scholarly journals Food's Ceramic Pot Source of Cadmium's Intoxication the Body Human

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
L.R. Babchuk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ceramic Mass ◽  
Cadmium Poisoning ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Health Organization

Heavy metal cadmium is classified to the World Health Organization to the most hazardous substances for human health. The aim is to study the food pottery as an object that can be a source of cadmium in the human body. The various kinds of food ceramic products, which may contain pigments based on cadmium compounds, are considered. It was found that the cadmium sulfide can be an integral part of underglaze or onglaze ceramic paints, glazes, ceramic mass and a chandelier. The most intense release of cadmium comes with glaze and paint ceramic mass and carries the greatest risk in respect of this heavy metal pollution of the human body. Process cadmium poisoning human bodycompounds can last for years, cadmium tends to accumulate in the body for a long time. Therefore, the use of externally beautiful, but the harmful chemical composition, color of ceramic tableware harmful to human health.

Electromagnetic Scattering: The Mie Solution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Scattering ◽  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Electromagnetic Theory ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy

This chapter focuses on the mathematics underlying the scattering of electromagnetic waves. An electromagnetic wave is comprised of an electric field and a magnetic field, both of which are functions of time and space as the wave propagates. The direction of propagation and the directions of these fields form a mutually orthogonal triad. When an electromagnetic field encounters an electron bound to a molecule, the electron is accelerated by the electric field of the wave. An accelerated electron will also radiate electromagnetic energy in the form of waves in all directions (to some extent)—this is known as scattered radiation. The chapter first considers Maxwell's equations of electromagnetic theory before discussing the vector Helmholtz equation for electromagnetic waves, the Lorentz-Mie solution and its construction, the Rayleigh scattering limit, and the radiation field generated by a Hertzian dipole.

Predictive model of biological equivalent radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure assessment

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Nina B. Rubtsova ◽  
Sergey Yu. Perov ◽  
Olga V. Belaya
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Far Fields ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field

Introduction. The issues of radiofrequency electromagnetic field in near field human body exposure correct assessment and control methods improvement actualization determined the need to develop a predictive model that provides different exposure conditions in terms of their biological equivalence comparison.Materials and methods. The problem of laboratory rats and humans equivalent EMF exposure assessment in near and far fields was considered. It is proposed to use a set of criteria that include both the power absorption in the irradiated objects values and the exposure time, allowing to take into account the peculiarities of human body and animals species sensitivity to this factor to solve this problem.Results. Relations for RF EMF equivalent levels values calculation for concrete biological object in near and far fields are presented. There are presented the ratio to calculate EMF levels in terms of power density and energy exposure to case of human body exposure that is equivalent to experimental conditions of rats exposure.Discussion. The developed model can be used to compare the experimental conditions of exposure in the near field with PD values for far field (formed electromagnetic wave), which is most important for >300 MHz frequencies, as well as for the interpretation of EMF biological effects obtained in animal experiments to human exposure conditions assess. This provides a biologically based approach to control RF EMF intensity at any distance from the source and the comparison of the field strength levels with the PD values in the zone of the formed electromagnetic wave.Conclusion. The proposed model takes into account the physical patterns of energy absorption in different objects and differences of organisms species sensitivity to factor exposure; provides the ability to predict critical levels of irradiation for different human body organs and systems, taking into account the time of the factor exposure too.

scholarly journals Web-Based Wireless Monitoring System on Patient’s Vital Sign

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 25003
Author(s):  
Mery Subito ◽  
Alamsyah ◽  
Ardi Amir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Vital Sign ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Long Time

Examination of vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature is the most basic essential function of the body in determining the health status of the patient. In general, examining vital signs performed by a doctor or nurse uses an electrocardiogram, thermometer, and sphygmomanometer. However, this tool has a weakness in terms of time efficiency and accuracy of reading vital sign data. The process of taking vital sign data for a long time, the limited number of medical personnel in handling patients, and increasing administrative costs certainly become a concern for management in improving health services. To overcome this problem, we proposed a design that can monitor the health condition of patients' vital signs efficiently and in real time. The system used in this study consisted of an HRM-2511E type heartbeat sensor in pulse units per minute (bpm), DS18b20 body type temperature sensor in degrees Celsius (0C), and MPX5700AP sensor in mmHg units. This research is fundamental and is useful in helping medical personnel in monitoring patients' vital sign health conditions. The results of the proposed design showed that the heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure devices worked well with respective accuracy of 97.64%, 99.51%, and 97.53%.

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