scholarly journals Deep Learning for Image Based Mango Leaf Disease Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S3) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Disease Detection ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effective Case

Among world’s mango producing countries, India ranks first and account 50% of the world’s mango production. The mango fruit is popular because of its wide range of adaptability, high nutritional value, different variety, delicious taste and excellent flavor. The fruit contains vitamin A and vitamin C in a rich extent. The crop is prone to diseases like powdery mildew, anthracnose, die back, blight, red rust, sooty mould, etc. Disorders may also impact the plant in the absence of effective case and control measures. These include change of form, biennial bearing, fall of fruit, black top, clustering, etc. The farmer must consult and take professional support for the prevention / control of diseases and crop disorder. New techniques of detecting mango disease are required to promote better control to avoid this crisis. By considering this, paper describes image recognition which provides cost effective and scalable disease detection technology. Paper further describes new deep learning models which give an opportunity for easy deployment of this technology. By considering a dataset of mango disease, pictures are taken from Konkan area in India. Transfer learning technique is used to train a profound Convolutionary Neural Network (CNN) to recognize 91% accuracy.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium and Giardia as water contaminant pathogens in Hungary

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (46) ◽  
pp. 1836-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Plutzer
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Many species of Cryptosporidium, and two assemlages of Giardia duodenalis cause typically acute diaorrhoea in human. The oocysts and cysts of these parasites excreted in faeces are capable of infecting other hosts and those are environmentally stable. Aim: The aims of the study were to evaluate the prevalence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species from different water sources as well as to monitor and characterize the (oo)cyst contamination sources in watersheds. In addition, an epidemiological study was performed in three selected settlements. Method: Wide range of modern epidemiological and molecular detection methods have been applied. Results: (Oo)cysts densities were associated with water receiving effluents of sewage treatment plants or originating from a forest environment. It was confirmed, that cattle can be a source of Cryptosporidium oocysts at watersheds and aquatic birds can play a role in the environmental dissemination of these protozoa. The epidemiological study demonstrated a specific epidemiological situation, giving essential evidence about giardiasis in asymptomatic carriers. The applied novel detection technology was found to be cost effective and simple procedure for screening catchments to identify those that require further treatment and more detailed microscopic counts. Conclusions: The presented results contribute to a better understanding the epidemiology and relevance of waterborne parasites, their surveillance and performance of future control measures to prevent waterborne infections in Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 154(46), 1836–1842.

Occupational hazard in Malaysian traffic police: special focus on air pollutants

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil ◽  
Karmegam Karuppiah ◽  
Irniza Rasdi ◽  
Vivien How ◽  
Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Risk Occupation ◽  
High Risk Occupation

Abstract This paper provides a specific deliberation on occupational hazards confronted daily by Malaysian Traffic Police. Traffic police is a high-risk occupation that involves a wide range of tasks and, indirectly, faced with an equally wide variety of hazards at work namely, physical, biological, psychosocial, chemical, and ergonomic hazards. Thereupon, occupational injuries, diseases, and even death are common in the field. The objective of this paper is to collate and explain the major hazards of working as Malaysian traffic police especially in Point Duty Unit, their health effects, and control measures. There are many ways in which these hazards can be minimised by ensuring that sufficient safety measures are taken such as a wireless outdoor individual exposure indicator system for the traffic police. By having this system, air monitoring among traffic police may potentially be easier and accurate. Other methods of mitigating these unfortunate events are incorporated and addressed in this paper according to the duty and needs of traffic police.

New Horizons of Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Processing Industry

2017 ◽  
pp. 230-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabir Ahmad Mir ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad Shah ◽  
Mohammad Maqbool Mir ◽  
Umar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Food Processing Industry ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food Processing Sector ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
And Control

This chapter addresses the potential application of nanotechnology in various areas of agriculture and food processing sector. Nanotechnology is an exciting and fast developing field which aims to generate new materials and devices with wide range of applications. Nanotechnology is capable to solve the very complex set of engineering and scientific challenges in the agriculture and processing industry. Nanotechnology has great potential in providing novel and improved solutions to many challenges facing agriculture and food sector. Nanotechnology based products and its applications in agriculture include nano-fertilizers, nano-herbicides, nano-pesticides, recalcitrant contaminants from water, nano-scale carriers, nan-osensors, veterinary care, fisheries and food processing etc. Nanotechnology revolutionized the agriculture and food industry by innovation new techniques such as: precision farming techniques, more efficient and targeted use of inputs, disease detection and control, withstand environmental pressures and effective systems for processing and packaging.

Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusEpidemiology and Control in Belgian Hospitals, 1991 to 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc J. Struelens ◽  
Olivier Ronveaux ◽  
Béatrice Jans ◽  
Raf Mertens ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Participation Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
And Control ◽  
Median Incidence

AbstractObjectives:To describe the Belgian methicillin-resis-tantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) surveillance network, the evolution of methods used in Belgian hospitals for MRSA detection and control, and MRSA incidence from 1994 to1995.Design, Setting, and Participants:Questionnaire surveys; infection control physicians from acute-care hospitals in Belgium.Intervention:Publication of national guidelines for MRSA control in 1993.Results:The participation rate in surveys ranged from 42% to 57% of hospitals. In 1995, 88% of participants detected MRSA strains by disk diffusion tests, with little improvement in standardization since 1991. More centers employed the oxacillin agar screen method (27%), automated systems (29%), or a combination of methods (29%) than in 1991 (P<.005). Between 1991 and 1995, the proportion of hospitals reporting MRSA control measures increased from 68% to 95% (P<.01). Practices that were used increasingly included patient placement in private room (from 50% to 93%,P<.01) and hand decontamination with antiseptic (from 43% to 87%,P<.01). The proportion of centers that reported screening MRSA carriers and treating them topically increased two- and threefold, respectively (P<.05). Surveillance data from 1994 to 1995 showed that MRSA represented a mean of 21.3% ofS aureusclinical isolates (range, 1.6% to 62.4%). The median incidence of nosocomial MRSA acquisition was 2.8 per 1,000 admissions, with a wide range (0 to 13.7 per 1,000 admissions) across hospitals of all sizes. The median incidence decreased over the first three semesters of surveillance in hospitals with continuous participation.Conclusion:MRSA detection and control measures have improved in Belgian hospitals after publication of national guidelines. However, MRSA incidence rates show the persistence of nosocomial transmission, with large variations between centers. The national MRSA surveillance network should indicate whether control efforts eventually will curb the problem.

scholarly journals DNA segment of African Swine Fever Virus first detected in hard ticks from sheep and bovine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Chen ◽  
Xiaofeng Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Yang ◽  
Weihao Dou ◽  
Xiufeng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Hard Ticks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

In this study, we aimed to detect viruses in hard ticks using the small RNA sequencing based method. A 235-bp DNA segment was detected in Dermacentor nuttalli (hard ticks) and D. silvarum (hard ticks) from sheep and bovine, respectively. The detected 235-bp segment had an identity of 99% to a 235-bp DNA segment of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) and contained three single nucleotide mutations (C38T, C76T and A108C). C38T, resulting in an single amino acid mutation G66D, suggests the existence of a new ASFV strain, which is different from all reported ASFV strains in NCBI GenBank database. These results also suggest that ASFV could have a wide range of hosts or vectors, beyond the well known Suidae family and soft ticks. Our findings pave the way toward further studies of ASFV transmission and development of prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Home Sweet Home: New Insights Into the Location of Equine Premises in France and Keeping Habits to Inform Health Prevention and Disease Surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halifa Farchati ◽  
Aurelie Merlin ◽  
Mathilde Saussac ◽  
Xavier Dornier ◽  
Mathilde Dhollande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Email Address ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
And Control ◽  
Email Survey

Identifying and tracking equines are key activities in equine health prevention. France is one of the few European countries with an operational centralized database that records information on equines, owners, and keepers but not on the location and keeping conditions of equines. The objective of our study was to collect information on keeping habits of equines and the relative location of a wide range of equines, owners, and keepers and discuss their implication for surveillance and control of outbreak improvement. A national email survey was conducted among the 1.9% of people registered as owners and 8.2% of people registered as keepers in the French national equine identification database having given their agreement to be contacted by email. It led to the collection of information from 728 owners, 121 keepers, and 2,669 owner–keepers. Most of them housed their equines in a single commune (smallest geographic administrative unit in France) at their home as private individuals. The distance between the communes of residence and of holding was, in most cases (including 79% of owners in the owner survey, 89.5% of the keepers in the keeper survey, and about 94% of the owner–keepers in both surveys), less than 30 km. More than half of the keepers kept a maximum of five equines and the majority with two different uses/destinations together, mostly leisure-retirement, leisure-breeding, leisure-sport, and sport-breeding. The main limitation of the study was that a relatively limited number of people (n = 3518) were reachable due to the low availability of an email address and contact agreement. Nonetheless, the findings provide an overview of how equines are kept by non-professional owners and keepers and complements information usually collected by the French riding institute. Additionally, information collected is very helpful to determine a realistic estimate of the spatial distribution of equines in France. This information is very important for the equine sector, for demographic knowledge and also improvement of surveillance plans and control measures and for the management and monitoring of health events to limit the spread of diseases.

scholarly journals Remote Insects Trap Monitoring System Using Deep Learning Framework and IoT

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5280
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Ramalingam ◽  
Rajesh Elara Mohan ◽  
Sathian Pookkuttath ◽  
Braulio Félix Gómez ◽  
Charan Satya Chandra Sairam Borusu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dependent Tasks ◽  
And Control

Insect detection and control at an early stage are essential to the built environment (human-made physical spaces such as homes, hotels, camps, hospitals, parks, pavement, food industries, etc.) and agriculture fields. Currently, such insect control measures are manual, tedious, unsafe, and time-consuming labor dependent tasks. With the recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of things (IoT), several maintenance tasks can be automated, which significantly improves productivity and safety. This work proposes a real-time remote insect trap monitoring system and insect detection method using IoT and Deep Learning (DL) frameworks. The remote trap monitoring system framework is constructed using IoT and the Faster RCNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks) Residual neural Networks 50 (ResNet50) unified object detection framework. The Faster RCNN ResNet 50 object detection framework was trained with built environment insects and farm field insect images and deployed in IoT. The proposed system was tested in real-time using four-layer IoT with built environment insects image captured through sticky trap sheets. Further, farm field insects were tested through a separate insect image database. The experimental results proved that the proposed system could automatically identify the built environment insects and farm field insects with an average of 94% accuracy.

Occupational Toxicology

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-432
Author(s):  
J.T. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Occupational Toxicology

1 Toxicology plays an important part in the prevention of work related disease. 2 The toxic effects of substances used at work are similar to those of other types of chemical, hence similar methods of investigation are used. 3 A very wide range of substances is used at work. The conditions of use determine the degree of exposure and the likelihood of adverse effects. 4 The scope for control of risks depends on a knowledge of likely adverse effects and the availability of technical and managerial means for reducing exposure. 5 The relationships between the employee, his employer, suppliers, expert advisers and the regulatory authorities determine the effectiveness with which toxic risks are identified and control measures implemented.

Nonmotorized Interference and Control Measures at Signalized Intersections in China

2003 ◽  
Vol 1846 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Wei ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
Gang Hou ◽  
Abi Mogharabi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
And Control

The adverse effects of bicycles and pedestrians on motor vehicle traffic in at-grade, signalized intersections under mixed-traffic conditions have been observed at several typical intersections in Beijing. Mixed bicycle and motor vehicle traffic is a major characteristic of urban transport in China and has led to serious congestion and capacity reduction in at-grade signalized intersections in urban areas. A method is presented to quantitatively measure nonmotorized effects, and values are recommended for adjusting the model to estimate the capacity of through vehicle lanes. Several temporal segregation solutions to mixed-traffic problems in at-grade signalized intersections are described that have proven cost-effective in several Chinese cities, and suggestions for their application are provided.

scholarly journals The prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis C infection in antenatal clinic attenders in two regions of England

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. BALOGUN ◽  
M. E. RAMSAY ◽  
J. V. PARRY ◽  
L. DONOVAN ◽  
N. J. ANDREWS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Serum Residues ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

The prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis C infection in women attending antenatal clinics in two regions of England was investigated to inform future surveillance and control measures. Women booking into antenatal care are routinely offered a test for immunity to rubella. Serum residues from these tests were unlinked, anonymized and archived as part of the Unlinked Anonymous Prevalence Monitoring Programme (UAPMP). The serum specimens were tested for anti-HCV using a cost-effective pooling strategy. After taking into account differential sampling from the UAPMP serum archive, the adjusted overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 0·43% (95% CI: 0·32–0·53) in London and 0·21% (95% CI: 0·14–0·28) in the Northern and Yorkshire region. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of amplified HCV RNA identified type 3a as the most common HCV genotype in these antenatal women. The prevalence of anti-HCV in antenatal women in the UK is low and consistent with that expected from injecting drug use.

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