scholarly journals Home Sweet Home: New Insights Into the Location of Equine Premises in France and Keeping Habits to Inform Health Prevention and Disease Surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halifa Farchati ◽  
Aurelie Merlin ◽  
Mathilde Saussac ◽  
Xavier Dornier ◽  
Mathilde Dhollande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Email Address ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
And Control ◽  
Email Survey

Identifying and tracking equines are key activities in equine health prevention. France is one of the few European countries with an operational centralized database that records information on equines, owners, and keepers but not on the location and keeping conditions of equines. The objective of our study was to collect information on keeping habits of equines and the relative location of a wide range of equines, owners, and keepers and discuss their implication for surveillance and control of outbreak improvement. A national email survey was conducted among the 1.9% of people registered as owners and 8.2% of people registered as keepers in the French national equine identification database having given their agreement to be contacted by email. It led to the collection of information from 728 owners, 121 keepers, and 2,669 owner–keepers. Most of them housed their equines in a single commune (smallest geographic administrative unit in France) at their home as private individuals. The distance between the communes of residence and of holding was, in most cases (including 79% of owners in the owner survey, 89.5% of the keepers in the keeper survey, and about 94% of the owner–keepers in both surveys), less than 30 km. More than half of the keepers kept a maximum of five equines and the majority with two different uses/destinations together, mostly leisure-retirement, leisure-breeding, leisure-sport, and sport-breeding. The main limitation of the study was that a relatively limited number of people (n = 3518) were reachable due to the low availability of an email address and contact agreement. Nonetheless, the findings provide an overview of how equines are kept by non-professional owners and keepers and complements information usually collected by the French riding institute. Additionally, information collected is very helpful to determine a realistic estimate of the spatial distribution of equines in France. This information is very important for the equine sector, for demographic knowledge and also improvement of surveillance plans and control measures and for the management and monitoring of health events to limit the spread of diseases.

Occupational hazard in Malaysian traffic police: special focus on air pollutants

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil ◽  
Karmegam Karuppiah ◽  
Irniza Rasdi ◽  
Vivien How ◽  
Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Risk Occupation ◽  
High Risk Occupation

Abstract This paper provides a specific deliberation on occupational hazards confronted daily by Malaysian Traffic Police. Traffic police is a high-risk occupation that involves a wide range of tasks and, indirectly, faced with an equally wide variety of hazards at work namely, physical, biological, psychosocial, chemical, and ergonomic hazards. Thereupon, occupational injuries, diseases, and even death are common in the field. The objective of this paper is to collate and explain the major hazards of working as Malaysian traffic police especially in Point Duty Unit, their health effects, and control measures. There are many ways in which these hazards can be minimised by ensuring that sufficient safety measures are taken such as a wireless outdoor individual exposure indicator system for the traffic police. By having this system, air monitoring among traffic police may potentially be easier and accurate. Other methods of mitigating these unfortunate events are incorporated and addressed in this paper according to the duty and needs of traffic police.

Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusEpidemiology and Control in Belgian Hospitals, 1991 to 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc J. Struelens ◽  
Olivier Ronveaux ◽  
Béatrice Jans ◽  
Raf Mertens ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Participation Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
And Control ◽  
Median Incidence

AbstractObjectives:To describe the Belgian methicillin-resis-tantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) surveillance network, the evolution of methods used in Belgian hospitals for MRSA detection and control, and MRSA incidence from 1994 to1995.Design, Setting, and Participants:Questionnaire surveys; infection control physicians from acute-care hospitals in Belgium.Intervention:Publication of national guidelines for MRSA control in 1993.Results:The participation rate in surveys ranged from 42% to 57% of hospitals. In 1995, 88% of participants detected MRSA strains by disk diffusion tests, with little improvement in standardization since 1991. More centers employed the oxacillin agar screen method (27%), automated systems (29%), or a combination of methods (29%) than in 1991 (P<.005). Between 1991 and 1995, the proportion of hospitals reporting MRSA control measures increased from 68% to 95% (P<.01). Practices that were used increasingly included patient placement in private room (from 50% to 93%,P<.01) and hand decontamination with antiseptic (from 43% to 87%,P<.01). The proportion of centers that reported screening MRSA carriers and treating them topically increased two- and threefold, respectively (P<.05). Surveillance data from 1994 to 1995 showed that MRSA represented a mean of 21.3% ofS aureusclinical isolates (range, 1.6% to 62.4%). The median incidence of nosocomial MRSA acquisition was 2.8 per 1,000 admissions, with a wide range (0 to 13.7 per 1,000 admissions) across hospitals of all sizes. The median incidence decreased over the first three semesters of surveillance in hospitals with continuous participation.Conclusion:MRSA detection and control measures have improved in Belgian hospitals after publication of national guidelines. However, MRSA incidence rates show the persistence of nosocomial transmission, with large variations between centers. The national MRSA surveillance network should indicate whether control efforts eventually will curb the problem.

scholarly journals DNA segment of African Swine Fever Virus first detected in hard ticks from sheep and bovine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Chen ◽  
Xiaofeng Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Yang ◽  
Weihao Dou ◽  
Xiufeng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Hard Ticks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

In this study, we aimed to detect viruses in hard ticks using the small RNA sequencing based method. A 235-bp DNA segment was detected in Dermacentor nuttalli (hard ticks) and D. silvarum (hard ticks) from sheep and bovine, respectively. The detected 235-bp segment had an identity of 99% to a 235-bp DNA segment of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) and contained three single nucleotide mutations (C38T, C76T and A108C). C38T, resulting in an single amino acid mutation G66D, suggests the existence of a new ASFV strain, which is different from all reported ASFV strains in NCBI GenBank database. These results also suggest that ASFV could have a wide range of hosts or vectors, beyond the well known Suidae family and soft ticks. Our findings pave the way toward further studies of ASFV transmission and development of prevention and control measures.

Occupational Toxicology

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-432
Author(s):  
J.T. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Occupational Toxicology

1 Toxicology plays an important part in the prevention of work related disease. 2 The toxic effects of substances used at work are similar to those of other types of chemical, hence similar methods of investigation are used. 3 A very wide range of substances is used at work. The conditions of use determine the degree of exposure and the likelihood of adverse effects. 4 The scope for control of risks depends on a knowledge of likely adverse effects and the availability of technical and managerial means for reducing exposure. 5 The relationships between the employee, his employer, suppliers, expert advisers and the regulatory authorities determine the effectiveness with which toxic risks are identified and control measures implemented.

scholarly journals Recovery and Sequence Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus from Springwater Implicated in an Outbreak of Acute Viral Hepatitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 6158-6160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A. Tallon ◽  
David C. Love ◽  
Zack S. Moore ◽  
Mark D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Fecal Indicators ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT An outbreak of acute hepatitis A virus in North Carolina was linked to drinking water from a contaminated shallow spring by phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus (HAV) genomic sequences. Detection of HAV and fecal indicators in the water provided useful and timely information to assist with public health prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 in a cluster of cases occurred in confined space: a case report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyi Liu ◽  
Jinru Wu ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Yingying Dai ◽  
Dan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: COVID-19 is spreading rapidly intercity and international despite rigid public health prevention and control measures been taken.Case presentation: In a cluster of infection, six out of seven participants engaged in persistent singing and talking in confined space were later diagnosed COVID-19 patients. One of the cases was asymptomatic with no SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detected, but positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. None of the household contacts was infected during the following month.Conclusions: This epidemiological evidence revealed that asymptomatic patients transmitted the coronavirus in confined space with relatively high efficiency, suggesting that it is important to provide better ventilation in public buildings to prevent COVID-19 transmission.

scholarly journals Implementing the Health Early Warning System based on syndromic and event-based surveillance at the 2019 Hajj

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1570-1575
Author(s):  
Kingsley Lezor Bieh ◽  
Anas Khan ◽  
Saber Yezli ◽  
Ahmed El Ganainy ◽  
Sari Asiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Event Based

Background: During the 2019 Hajj, the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia implemented for the first time a health early warning system for rapid detection and response to health threats. Aims: This study aimed to describe the early warning findings at the Hajj to highlight the pattern of health risks and the potential benefits of the disease surveillance system. Methods: Using syndromic surveillance and event-based surveillance data, the health early warning system generated automated alarms for public health events, triggered alerts for rapid epidemiological investigations and facilitated the monitoring of health events. Results: During the deployment period (4 July–31 August 2019), a total of 121 automated alarms were generated, of which 2 events (heat-related illnesses and injuries/trauma) were confirmed by the response teams. Conclusion: The surveillance system potentially improved the timeliness and situational awareness for health events, including non-infectious threats. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, a health early warning system could enhance case detection and facilitate monitoring of the disease geographical spread and the effectiveness of control measures.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF THE CURRENT STATUS OF STUDENTS AS A MEANS OF INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Alyushin ◽  
L. V. Kolobashkina
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control

Introduction. The increasing amount of knowledge, skills and competencies to be mastered inevitably lead to the need for more intensive classroom and independent studies. Providing favourable psychological background and ensuring active working condition of a student are the most important factors for increasing the effectiveness of the educational process (EEP). This fact has special relevance in the organisation of the educational process for students with physical disabilities, foreign students, as well as students, who receive education under individual educational trajectories.The aimof the present research was to analyse the possibilities and prospects for increasing the EEP through continuous monitoring and control of the current functional and psycho-emotional state (FPES) of students directly in the process of conducting training sessions.Methodology and research methods. The research was based on: a systematic approach to the accumulation, systematization and analysis of individual biometric information that allows a reliable assessment and forecast of changes in the current FPES of students; implementation of the principle of biofeedback (BF) and passive remote non-contact measurements of current human biological parameters that exclude any impact on it. Information technologies were used for digital signal processing in the optical and acoustic spectra of natural human radiation.Results and scientific novelty. The work substantiates an integrated approach to planning, organising and conducting training sessions, as well as control measures, which allow increasing the EEP by taking into account the individual characteristics and capabilities of students using modern digital information technologies to monitor their current FPES. It is shown that the system parameters characterising heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to assess the level of psycho-physiological adaptation of students to the learning process in general, as well as their responses to the complexity of training and control activities. Systemic parameters include the vegetative equilibrium index (VBI), the vegetative index of rhythm (VPR), the indicator of the adequacy of regulatory processes (PAID) and the stress index of regulatory systems (IN). The parameter IN is highlighted as the most informative. The possibility of using the results of the analysis of the change dynamics in the parameter IN for the evaluation of the current FPES of trainees is demonstrated. The possibility and expediency of using embedded monitoring systems has been experimentally confirmed. The bio-mouse and biometric chair are identified as universal means of monitoring the current FPES of students both in the  educational institution and at home (in a hostel environment).Practical significance. The developed methodical and technical means are of interest to a wide range of educational workers, including such levels as primary, basic and secondary general education, secondary professional and higher education, as well as special professional training and retraining.

Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments

2006 ◽  
pp. 43-75
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Crevice Corrosion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Corrosive Attack ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
And Control

Abstract Austenitic stainless steels exhibit a single-phase, face-centered cubic structure that is maintained over a wide range of temperatures. This chapter provides a basic understanding of grade designations, properties, and welding considerations of austenitic stainless steels. It also discusses general types of corrosive attack and their effects on service integrity as well as detection and control measures. The five corrosive attack mechanisms covered are intergranular corrosion, preferential attack associated with weld metal precipitates, pitting and crevice corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, and microbiologically influenced corrosion.

scholarly journals Field services : eradication and control of animal diseases : animal health management in the 21st century

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Modisane
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
And Control

Prevention, eradication and control of animal diseases, as well as public health assurance are major functions of veterinary authorities. The strategies to control animal diseases differ from disease to disease but are often similar on a disease basis from country to country depending on the main objective of the measure employed. These measures include among others movement control and quarantine, vaccination, treatment and mass slaughtering. However, not every country uses all these control measures at the same time. A combination of measures may be employed to avoid spreading of the disease from infected to clean animals and success is dependent on a variety of factors, including the strength and capacity of the veterinary services, cross border efforts for disease surveillance, political will, diagnostic facilities and financial support.

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