Occupational hazard in Malaysian traffic police: special focus on air pollutants

Abstract This paper provides a specific deliberation on occupational hazards confronted daily by Malaysian Traffic Police. Traffic police is a high-risk occupation that involves a wide range of tasks and, indirectly, faced with an equally wide variety of hazards at work namely, physical, biological, psychosocial, chemical, and ergonomic hazards. Thereupon, occupational injuries, diseases, and even death are common in the field. The objective of this paper is to collate and explain the major hazards of working as Malaysian traffic police especially in Point Duty Unit, their health effects, and control measures. There are many ways in which these hazards can be minimised by ensuring that sufficient safety measures are taken such as a wireless outdoor individual exposure indicator system for the traffic police. By having this system, air monitoring among traffic police may potentially be easier and accurate. Other methods of mitigating these unfortunate events are incorporated and addressed in this paper according to the duty and needs of traffic police.

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Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusEpidemiology and Control in Belgian Hospitals, 1991 to 1995

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/s0195941700004665 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 503-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marc J. Struelens ◽

Olivier Ronveaux ◽

Béatrice Jans ◽

Raf Mertens ◽

Keyword(s):

Participation Rate ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Control Measures ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Surveillance Network ◽

Wide Range ◽

Combination Of Methods ◽

Mrsa Strains ◽

And Control ◽

Median Incidence

AbstractObjectives:To describe the Belgian methicillin-resis-tantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) surveillance network, the evolution of methods used in Belgian hospitals for MRSA detection and control, and MRSA incidence from 1994 to1995.Design, Setting, and Participants:Questionnaire surveys; infection control physicians from acute-care hospitals in Belgium.Intervention:Publication of national guidelines for MRSA control in 1993.Results:The participation rate in surveys ranged from 42% to 57% of hospitals. In 1995, 88% of participants detected MRSA strains by disk diffusion tests, with little improvement in standardization since 1991. More centers employed the oxacillin agar screen method (27%), automated systems (29%), or a combination of methods (29%) than in 1991 (P<.005). Between 1991 and 1995, the proportion of hospitals reporting MRSA control measures increased from 68% to 95% (P<.01). Practices that were used increasingly included patient placement in private room (from 50% to 93%,P<.01) and hand decontamination with antiseptic (from 43% to 87%,P<.01). The proportion of centers that reported screening MRSA carriers and treating them topically increased two- and threefold, respectively (P<.05). Surveillance data from 1994 to 1995 showed that MRSA represented a mean of 21.3% ofS aureusclinical isolates (range, 1.6% to 62.4%). The median incidence of nosocomial MRSA acquisition was 2.8 per 1,000 admissions, with a wide range (0 to 13.7 per 1,000 admissions) across hospitals of all sizes. The median incidence decreased over the first three semesters of surveillance in hospitals with continuous participation.Conclusion:MRSA detection and control measures have improved in Belgian hospitals after publication of national guidelines. However, MRSA incidence rates show the persistence of nosocomial transmission, with large variations between centers. The national MRSA surveillance network should indicate whether control efforts eventually will curb the problem.

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An Overview of Ergonomics Problems Related to CNC Machining Operations

Advanced Engineering Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.10.137 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohd Zani Hafiz ◽

Halim Isa ◽

Muhammad Syafiq Syed Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Machine Tool ◽

Occupational Injuries ◽

Health Problems ◽

Cnc Machining ◽

Control Measures ◽

Industrial Workers ◽

New Era ◽

Work Related ◽

Almost All ◽

And Control

In the new era of advanced manufacturing technology, machine tool design plays an important role in maximizing productivity and occupational health of industrial workers. However, the machine tool manufacturers face difficulty in designing an ergonomic machine tool that can be suited to Malaysian industrial workers because almost all machine tools were designed according to physical dimensions, capabilities and limitations of European or American populations. This mismatch between machine design and worker abilities may eventually lead to occupational injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to disseminate information on ergonomics problem, assessment methods, and control measures associated with CNC machining operation. Published articles related to CNC machining operation have been reviewed. Based on published researches, work-related musculoskeletal disorders such as low-back pain, neck and shoulder problem have been identified as common health problems associated with the machine operation. Engineering and administrative controls have been proposed to minimize the health problems.

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DNA segment of African Swine Fever Virus first detected in hard ticks from sheep and bovine

10.1101/485060 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ze Chen ◽

Xiaofeng Xu ◽

Xiaojun Yang ◽

Weihao Dou ◽

Xiufeng Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African Swine Fever Virus ◽

African Swine Fever ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Control Measures ◽

Single Amino Acid ◽

Small Rna Sequencing ◽

Hard Ticks ◽

Wide Range ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

In this study, we aimed to detect viruses in hard ticks using the small RNA sequencing based method. A 235-bp DNA segment was detected in Dermacentor nuttalli (hard ticks) and D. silvarum (hard ticks) from sheep and bovine, respectively. The detected 235-bp segment had an identity of 99% to a 235-bp DNA segment of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) and contained three single nucleotide mutations (C38T, C76T and A108C). C38T, resulting in an single amino acid mutation G66D, suggests the existence of a new ASFV strain, which is different from all reported ASFV strains in NCBI GenBank database. These results also suggest that ASFV could have a wide range of hosts or vectors, beyond the well known Suidae family and soft ticks. Our findings pave the way toward further studies of ASFV transmission and development of prevention and control measures.

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Home Sweet Home: New Insights Into the Location of Equine Premises in France and Keeping Habits to Inform Health Prevention and Disease Surveillance

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.701749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Halifa Farchati ◽

Aurelie Merlin ◽

Mathilde Saussac ◽

Xavier Dornier ◽

Mathilde Dhollande ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Surveillance ◽

Control Measures ◽

Relative Location ◽

Health Prevention ◽

Health Events ◽

Email Address ◽

Wide Range ◽

Administrative Unit ◽

And Control ◽

Email Survey

Identifying and tracking equines are key activities in equine health prevention. France is one of the few European countries with an operational centralized database that records information on equines, owners, and keepers but not on the location and keeping conditions of equines. The objective of our study was to collect information on keeping habits of equines and the relative location of a wide range of equines, owners, and keepers and discuss their implication for surveillance and control of outbreak improvement. A national email survey was conducted among the 1.9% of people registered as owners and 8.2% of people registered as keepers in the French national equine identification database having given their agreement to be contacted by email. It led to the collection of information from 728 owners, 121 keepers, and 2,669 owner–keepers. Most of them housed their equines in a single commune (smallest geographic administrative unit in France) at their home as private individuals. The distance between the communes of residence and of holding was, in most cases (including 79% of owners in the owner survey, 89.5% of the keepers in the keeper survey, and about 94% of the owner–keepers in both surveys), less than 30 km. More than half of the keepers kept a maximum of five equines and the majority with two different uses/destinations together, mostly leisure-retirement, leisure-breeding, leisure-sport, and sport-breeding. The main limitation of the study was that a relatively limited number of people (n = 3518) were reachable due to the low availability of an email address and contact agreement. Nonetheless, the findings provide an overview of how equines are kept by non-professional owners and keepers and complements information usually collected by the French riding institute. Additionally, information collected is very helpful to determine a realistic estimate of the spatial distribution of equines in France. This information is very important for the equine sector, for demographic knowledge and also improvement of surveillance plans and control measures and for the management and monitoring of health events to limit the spread of diseases.

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Occupational Toxicology

Human Toxicology ◽

10.1177/096032718800700508 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 429-432

Author(s):

J.T. Carter

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Control Measures ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Work Related ◽

Related Disease ◽

Regulatory Authorities ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Control ◽

Occupational Toxicology

1 Toxicology plays an important part in the prevention of work related disease. 2 The toxic effects of substances used at work are similar to those of other types of chemical, hence similar methods of investigation are used. 3 A very wide range of substances is used at work. The conditions of use determine the degree of exposure and the likelihood of adverse effects. 4 The scope for control of risks depends on a knowledge of likely adverse effects and the availability of technical and managerial means for reducing exposure. 5 The relationships between the employee, his employer, suppliers, expert advisers and the regulatory authorities determine the effectiveness with which toxic risks are identified and control measures implemented.

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Risk Assessment and Control Measures of Air Conditioning System in Large Commercial Building

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.266 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 694 ◽

pp. 266-271

Author(s):

Wei Kang Dang ◽

Guo Qiang Xia ◽

Yu Liang Zhong ◽

Lin Yang ◽

Chun Hua Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Risk Index ◽

Control Measures ◽

Commercial Building ◽

Safety Measures ◽

Air Conditioning System ◽

Secondary Disasters ◽

Safety Accident ◽

And Control

The risks of air conditioning system were found out by analyzing safety accident in recent years, and the derivative and secondary disasters were identified about air conditioning system. On the basis of the theory of man-machine-environment-management of system safety analysis, the risk index system of the possibility and consequences severity was established by identifying the possibility and the consequence severity factors resulting in the occurrence of air conditioning. The risk grades were determined by using the risk matrix to conduct the risk assessment for air conditioning system of a Commercial building in Tianjin. The preventive measures and control safety measures were proposed for air conditioning system Security.

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MONITORING OF THE CURRENT STATUS OF STUDENTS AS A MEANS OF INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

The Education and science journal ◽

10.17853/1994-5639-2019-2-176-197 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 176-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. V. Alyushin ◽

L. V. Kolobashkina

Keyword(s):

General Education ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Professional Training ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Educational Process ◽

Control Measures ◽

Current Status ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Control

Introduction. The increasing amount of knowledge, skills and competencies to be mastered inevitably lead to the need for more intensive classroom and independent studies. Providing favourable psychological background and ensuring active working condition of a student are the most important factors for increasing the effectiveness of the educational process (EEP). This fact has special relevance in the organisation of the educational process for students with physical disabilities, foreign students, as well as students, who receive education under individual educational trajectories.The aimof the present research was to analyse the possibilities and prospects for increasing the EEP through continuous monitoring and control of the current functional and psycho-emotional state (FPES) of students directly in the process of conducting training sessions.Methodology and research methods. The research was based on: a systematic approach to the accumulation, systematization and analysis of individual biometric information that allows a reliable assessment and forecast of changes in the current FPES of students; implementation of the principle of biofeedback (BF) and passive remote non-contact measurements of current human biological parameters that exclude any impact on it. Information technologies were used for digital signal processing in the optical and acoustic spectra of natural human radiation.Results and scientific novelty. The work substantiates an integrated approach to planning, organising and conducting training sessions, as well as control measures, which allow increasing the EEP by taking into account the individual characteristics and capabilities of students using modern digital information technologies to monitor their current FPES. It is shown that the system parameters characterising heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to assess the level of psycho-physiological adaptation of students to the learning process in general, as well as their responses to the complexity of training and control activities. Systemic parameters include the vegetative equilibrium index (VBI), the vegetative index of rhythm (VPR), the indicator of the adequacy of regulatory processes (PAID) and the stress index of regulatory systems (IN). The parameter IN is highlighted as the most informative. The possibility of using the results of the analysis of the change dynamics in the parameter IN for the evaluation of the current FPES of trainees is demonstrated. The possibility and expediency of using embedded monitoring systems has been experimentally confirmed. The bio-mouse and biometric chair are identified as universal means of monitoring the current FPES of students both in the educational institution and at home (in a hostel environment).Practical significance. The developed methodical and technical means are of interest to a wide range of educational workers, including such levels as primary, basic and secondary general education, secondary professional and higher education, as well as special professional training and retraining.

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Emergency Management Strategies for Children with Rheumatic Disease During COVID-19 Epidemic Outside Hubei in China

International Journal of Infection ◽

10.5812/iji.106455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Xinyi Wei ◽

Xiaoke Sun ◽

Zhi Chen ◽

Xiao Du ◽

Jing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatic Disease ◽

Medical Staff ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Occupational Injuries ◽

Control Period ◽

Control Measures ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

And Control

Background: Since December 2019, many patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) have appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The pneumonia was caused by a novel coronavirus named “coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19” by the WHO on February 11, 2020. The COVID-19 outbreak has created a global public health crisis, and the challenge of combatting this pandemic and its impact is daunting. At present, vaccines and prophylactic therapies for COVID-19 are not available. What we can do now is to aggressively implement infection control measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 via human-to-human transmission. Objectives: The study aimed to summarize the effect of classification and division management methods on the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Department. Methods: Corresponding and targeted medical countermeasures for the prevention and control of COVID-19 from the aspects of personnel, ward, and process management were retrospectively analyzed. Results: From January 16, 2020, to July 31, 2020, there were 11,000 outpatients with rheumatic disease visiting our hospital and 565 children with rheumatic diseases hospitalized in our department. All the patients received timely and reasonable treatment. None of the patients, their caregivers, or medical staff acquired COVID-19 infection in our department, and no suspected COVID-19 case was confirmed in our ward. Conclusions: The model of classification and division management ensured the orderly and safe treatment of children with rheumatic disease during the epidemic prevention and control period, and protected the medical staff from occupational injuries at work, and brought the pandemic under control.

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Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments

Corrosion of Weldments ◽

10.31399/asm.tb.cw.t51820043 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 43-75

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steels ◽

Crevice Corrosion ◽

Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽

Control Measures ◽

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽

Face Centered Cubic ◽

Corrosive Attack ◽

Wide Range ◽

Face Centered ◽

And Control

Abstract Austenitic stainless steels exhibit a single-phase, face-centered cubic structure that is maintained over a wide range of temperatures. This chapter provides a basic understanding of grade designations, properties, and welding considerations of austenitic stainless steels. It also discusses general types of corrosive attack and their effects on service integrity as well as detection and control measures. The five corrosive attack mechanisms covered are intergranular corrosion, preferential attack associated with weld metal precipitates, pitting and crevice corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, and microbiologically influenced corrosion.

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Seroprevalence of brucella antibodies among persons in high-risk occupation in Lebanon

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026880000145x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 281-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

G. F. Araj ◽

R. A. Azzam

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Control Measures ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Coombs Test ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Civil Strife ◽

Study Population ◽

Risk Occupation ◽

High Risk Occupation

SummaryPrevalence of brucella-specific antibodies was measured in 597 persons in high-risk occupations living in 10 regions of Lebanon using the standard agglutination test (SAT), anti-human globulin (Coombs') test (AHGT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM and IgA. The study population consisted of butchers (54%) farmers (35%), laboratory technicians (8%), abbatoir workers (2%) and veterinarians (1%), with 82% males and 18% females. The overall seroprevalence based on SAT and AHGT titres of ≥ 80 was 1·7% and 15%, respectively, but seroprevalence varied by region from 0–5% in SAT and from 3·4–34% for AHGT. The overall seroprevalence based on ELISA IgG (OD≥0·6), IgM (OD≥0·6) and IgA (OD≥0·3) was 57, 61 and 26%, respectively. The highest seroprevalence was noted in Biqaa (34%), Kisrwan (24%), Shouf (21%), Sidon (16%) and Aley (12) regions. Nineteen percent of those surveyed reported symptoms that could be associated with brucellosis. We conclude that exposure to brucellosis is high among persons in high-risk occupations from all surveyed regions in Lebanon. Such findings should be used to design control measures especially now that the 17 years of civil strife is over.

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