scholarly journals Blockchain Technology and It’s Applications in E-Governance Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5795-5802
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Data Structure ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Peer To Peer Network

Blockchain Technology is one of the most popular technologies of present days. This technology has the capability to eliminate the requirement of third party to validate the transactions over the Peer-to-Peer network. Due to various features of Blockchain like smart contract, consensus mechanism, network transactions are completed securely, efficiently and timely. This technology is very useful in many areas including medical, IoT, e-Governance services, smart cities, taxation, supply chain, banking etc. In this paper, we discuss the Blockchain Technology in detail, its data structure, open source platform like Ethereum and Hyperledger, technical aspects of this technology, possible applications of this technology, challenges and limitations in adaptation of this technology.

Blockchain: an entangled political economy approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy W.E. Allen ◽  
Chris Berg ◽  
Mikayla Novak
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Network Computing ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peer To Peer Network ◽  
Political Economy Approach

This paper incorporates blockchain activities into the broader remit of entangled political economy theory, emphasising economic and other social phenomena as the emergent by-product of human interactions. Blockchains are a digital technology combining peer-to-peer network computing and cryptography to create an immutable decentralised public ledger. The blockchain contrasts vintage ledger technologies, either paper-based or maintained by in-house databases, largely reliant upon hierarchical, third-party trust mechanisms for their maintenance and security. Recent contributions to the blockchain studies literature suggest that the blockchain itself poses as an institutional technology that could challenge existing forms of coordination and governance organised on the basis of vintage ledgers. This proposition has significant implications for the relevance of existing entangled relationships in the economic, social and political domains. Blockchain enables non-territorial 'crypto-secession', not only reducing the costs associated with maintaining ledgers, but radically revising and deconcentrating data-conditioned networks to fundamentally challenge the economic positions of legacy firms and governments. These insights are further illuminated with reference to finance, property and identity cases. Entangled political economy provides a compelling lens through which we can discern the impact of blockchain technology on some of our most important relationships.

scholarly journals A Decentralized E-Voting System Based on Blockchain Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3650-3652
Keyword(s):  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Electronic Voting System ◽  
Peer To Peer Network

This paper describes a decentralized electronic voting system using blockchain technology with peer-to-peer network rather than the centralized voting system of server-client structure. In the proposed system, an Ethereum-based private blockchain network is configured and decentralized applications are implemented to store and distribute voting data to all nodes participating in the network to create secure and reliable electronic voting system. Smart contracts for electronic voting are implemented using the Solidity language and distributed to a configured network so that all users can view and vote on elections, and voting data are shared and contrasted by all users in the network, which makes it possible to build a safer and more reliable electronic voting system without third party involvement.

scholarly journals Transforming Healthcare system with Blockchain

2021 ◽  
pp. 613-620
Author(s):  
Monika Rani ◽  
Piyush Verma ◽  
Shivam Kumar ◽  
Nikita Tayal ◽  
Sahil Pant
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Healthcare It ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Peer To Peer Network

Blockchain technology has been used in many industries providing security and preventing fraud so it can be beneficial in the medical industry too. One of the most essential blockchain features that can be implemented in the healthcare sector is that by recording every change across the peer-to-peer network, every transaction is validated. Since clinical trials require fast, reliable and transparent ways to locate patient’s data, blockchain could be the possible solution. Effective supply chain management is a challenge in every sector but in healthcare, it comes with added complexity and risk as it is related with the patient’s health and safety. Effective management of the healthcare supply chain (HCSC) process is critical for healthcare providers not only during pandemics such as COVID-19 but also in their normal operations. Despite many advances in new technologies and treatment options, the providers still suffer from poor procurement, ordering, forecasting, and distribution practices. Hence, blockchain can be the potential solution for the security, integrity and functionality of health supply chain.

scholarly journals Blockchain System in the Higher Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-293
Author(s):  
Ricardo Raimundo ◽  
Albérico Rosário
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Party Organization ◽  
Student Records ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Peer To Peer Network ◽  
Conceptual Progress

Blockchain has emerged as an important concept at the interface of ICT and higher education. It is a system in which a record of transactions is maintained across several computers that are linked in a peer-to-peer network. Hence, it allows the creation of a decentralized environment, where data are not under the control of any third-party organization. This study presents a Systematic Bibliometric Literature Review (LRSB in further text) of research on blockchain applications in the higher education field. The review integrated 37 articles presenting up-to-date knowledge on current implications pertaining to the use of blockchain technology for improving higher education processes. The LRSB findings indicate that blockchain is being used to build up new interventions to improve the prevailing ways of sharing, delivering and securing knowledge data and personal student records. The application of blockchain technology is carrying on a conceptual progress in the higher education sector where it has added substantial value by ameliorated efficiency, effectiveness, privacy control, technological improvement and security of data management mechanisms. Challenges posed by current literature and further research directions are suggested.

scholarly journals Enhancing Financial Transactions using Blockchain Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4918-4923
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Processing ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Peer To Peer Network ◽  
Processing Mechanism

Blockchain technology is evolving in each area. Cryptocurrency is one of the prominent fields in which blockchain technology is used extensively. In conventional bank systems using fiat currencies such as Indian rupee, US dollar etc , there is a centralized authority like a bank which do the processing of transactions. Blockchain with its properties like decentralization, distributed, and immutability stands the way out from other transaction processing mechanisms. Moreover, with decentralization property in blockchain-based transactions makes that there is a peer-to-peer network in which one peer can able to transact with others in the network without relying on third party for validating the transactions. Instead, there are a group of miners who does the work of validation with the use of consensus protocols. The paper shows the use of blockchain technology in financial transactions with the help of tokens. The paper shows the creation of a simulated blockchain network and the transaction processing mechanism with the help of the creation of nodes. This paper shows the implementation of blockchain technology and it also shows the limitations and misconceptions involved in blockchain technology

The Potential Of Blockchain Technology To Change International Mobile Roaming Business Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Ardian Thresnantia Atmaja
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Business Value ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Clearing House ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Target Architecture ◽  
Architecture Development

The key objectives of this paper is to propose a design implementation of blockchain based on smart contract which have potential to change international mobile roaming business model by eliminating third-party data clearing house (DCH). The analysis method used comparative analysis between current situation and target architecture of international mobile roaming business that commonly used by TOGAF Architecture Development Method. The purposed design of implementation has validated the business value by using Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculation. This paper applies the TOGAF approach in order to address architecture gap to evaluate by the enhancement capability that required from these three fundamental aspect which are Business, Technology and Information. With the blockchain smart contract solution able to eliminate the intermediaries Data Clearing House system, which impacted to the business model of international mobile roaming with no more intermediaries fee for call data record (CDR) processing and open up for online billing and settlement among parties. In conclusion the business value of blockchain implementation in the international mobile roaming has been measured using TCO comparison between current situation and target architecture that impacted cost reduction of operational platform is 19%. With this information and understanding the blockchain technology has significant benefit in the international mobile roaming business.

Foundations of Blockchain Technology for Industrial and Societal Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivika Narang ◽  
Praphul Chandra ◽  
Shweta Jain ◽  
Narahari Y
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Data Structure ◽  
Real World ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Distributed Consensus ◽  
Wave Technology ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Original Application

The blockchain concept forms the backbone of a new wave technology that promises to be deployed extensively in a wide variety of industrial and societal applications. In this article, we present the scientific foundations and technical strengths of this technology. Our emphasis is on blockchains that go beyond the original application to digital currencies such as bitcoin. We focus on the blockchain data structure and its characteristics; distributed consensus and mining; and different types of blockchain architectures. We conclude with a section on applications in industrial and societal settings, elaborating upon a few applications such as land registry ledger, tamper-proof academic transcripts, crowdfunding, and a supply chain B2B platform. We discuss what we believe are the important challenges in deploying the blockchain technology successfully in real-world settings.

scholarly journals Research on Blockchain-Based E-Bidding System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4011
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Jindong Zhao ◽  
Chunxiao Mu
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Graph Isomorphism ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Business Logic ◽  
Core Concept ◽  
The Core ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Bidding Process

In the field of modern bidding, electronic bidding leads a new trend of development, convenience and efficiency and other significant advantages effectively promote the reform and innovation of China’s bidding field. Nowadays, most systems require a strong and trusted third party to guarantee the integrity and security of the system. However, with the development of blockchain technology and the rise of privacy protection, researchers has begun to emphasize the core concept of decentralization. This paper introduces a decentralized electronic bidding system based on blockchain and smart contract. The system uses blockchain to replace the traditional database and uses chaincode to process business logic. In data interaction, encryption techniques such as zero-knowledge proof based on graph isomorphism are used to improve privacy protection, which improves the anonymity of participants, the privacy of data transmission, and the traceability and verifiable of data. Compared with other electronic bidding systems, this system is more secure and efficient, and has the nature of anonymous operation, which fully protects the privacy information in the bidding process.

scholarly journals Third Party Certification of Agri-Food Supply Chain Using Smart Contracts and Blockchain Tokens

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5307
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borges dos Santos ◽  
Nunzio Marco Torrisi ◽  
Rodrigo Palucci Pantoni
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Public ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Every consumer’s buying decision at the supermarket influences food brands to make first party claims of sustainability and socially responsible farming methods on their agro-product labels. Fine wines are often subject to counterfeit along the supply chain to the consumer. This paper presents a method for efficient unrestricted publicity to third party certification (TPC) of plant agricultural products, starting at harvest, using smart contracts and blockchain tokens. The method is capable of providing economic incentives to the actors along the supply chain. A proof-of-concept using a modified Ethereum IGR token set of smart contracts using the ERC-1155 standard NFTs was deployed on the Rinkeby test net and evaluated. The main findings include (a) allowing immediate access to TPC by the public for any desired authority by using token smart contracts. (b) Food safety can be enhanced through TPC visible to consumers through mobile application and blockchain technology, thus reducing counterfeiting and green washing. (c) The framework is structured and maintained because participants obtain economical incentives thus leveraging it´s practical usage. In summary, this implementation of TPC broadcasting through tokens can improve transparency and sustainable conscientious consumer behaviour, thus enabling a more trustworthy supply chain transparency.

The Application of the Blockchain Technology in Voting Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Jun Huang ◽  
Debiao He ◽  
Mohammad S. Obaidat ◽  
Pandi Vijayakumar ◽  
Min Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Formal Expression ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Peer To Peer Network ◽  
Insight Into

Voting is a formal expression of opinion or choice, either positive or negative, made by an individual or a group of individuals. However, conventional voting systems tend to be centralized, which are known to suffer from security and efficiency limitations. Hence, there has been a trend of moving to decentralized voting systems, such as those based on blockchain. The latter is a decentralized digital ledger in a peer-to-peer network, where a copy of the append-only ledger of digitally signed and encrypted transactions is maintained by each participant. Therefore, in this article, we perform a comprehensive review of blockchain-based voting systems and classify them based on a number of features (e.g., the types of blockchain used, the consensus approaches used, and the scale of participants). By systematically analyzing and comparing the different blockchain-based voting systems, we also identify a number of limitations and research opportunities. Hopefully, this survey will provide an in-depth insight into the potential utility of blockchain in voting systems and device future research agenda.

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