scholarly journals Integration of GIS, Traffic Volume, Vehicular Speed and Road Grades Related-Air Pollution in Amman

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3071-3074
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Traffic Signals ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Health Organization

This study involves field data and analytical technique into spatially map air pollution levels on account of traffic volumes, vehicle speeds and grades of roads at relatively high traffic volumes signalized intersections in Amman; capital of Jordan . The study was conducted by collecting traffic and air pollution data at twelve locations in four streets, each street located in a different zone. Also the data collection process was conducted at many highly jam traffic time periods. The highest air pollution level was measured at 7th circle in Abdullah Gosheh street, where was the maximum Average traffic volume. And the least air pollution level of the studied areas was at Anas Bin Malek Street which is located in Ras Al-Ain zone , so that it can be an acceptable residential area. Results showed clearly that the highest air pollution levels found near traffic signals and at the stop lines of them, and theses concentrations decrease while being more far from traffic signals. Also, increasing in road gradients leads to a decrease in speed of vehicles, this leads to an increase in the pollutants concentrations. The highest air pollution concentrations were 0.7, 0.6, 9.9, and 0.6 (in ppm) of NO2, SO2, CO and SPM respectively. The R-square value, square of relative coefficient, of the relationships between NO2, SO2, CO & SPM concentrations and traffic volume were approximately: 0.9135, 0.8822, 0.8977, and 0.8934 respectively. It is noticed that traffic volume is the most significant factor that affects SO2, NO2, CO & SPM concentrations. This research has illustrated that the pollutants’ concentrations are larger than recommended concentrations of World Health Organization (WHO) in most locations of the studied areas, and that showing a necessity for a standard air quality monitoring, traffic management arrangement and effective procedures should be followed to reduce the resulted pollution.

Decision Tree-Based Analytics for Reducing Air Pollution

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajanta Das ◽  
Anindita Desarkar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Id3 Algorithm ◽  
Rule Sets ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Health Organization

Air pollution indicates contaminated air which arises due to the effect of physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere applicable both for indoors and outdoors. This situation arises when poisonous gases, dust or smoke enter into the atmosphere and make the surroundings vulnerable for any living beings as well as difficult for them to survive. Large numbers of premature deaths happen across the globe if exposed to these pollutants on a long-term basis as major portion of the cities have the pollution level above the threshold determined by World Health Organization (WHO). So appropriate measures need to be taken on a priority basis to reduce air pollution as well as save our planet. This paper proposes a novel air pollution reduction approach which collects source pollution data. After extraction of source data, it uses various databases (DBs) and then different decisions or classes are created. The decision tree was created with the help of Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) algorithm to implement the rule base appropriately depending on the air pollution level and a bunch of rule sets were derived from the decision tree further.

scholarly journals Impact of Maternal Air Pollution Exposure on Children’s Lung Health: An Indian Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritam Saha ◽  
Ebin Johny ◽  
Ashish Dangi ◽  
Sopan B Shinde ◽  
Mathew Eapen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Long Term Impact

Air pollution has become a growing invisible killer in recent years and is major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. India stands 10th among the highly polluted countries with an average PM10 level of 134μg/m3 per year. It is also reported that 99% of India's population comes across air pollution level that exceed the World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline (AQG), PM2.5 permissible levels of 10 μg/m3. Maternal exposure to air pollution has a serious health outcome to the offspring because it can affect embryonic phases of development during the gestation period. Fetus is more prone to air pollution effect during embryonic developmental phases due to oxidative stress as antioxidant mechanisms are lacking at that stage. Any injury during this vulnerable period (embryonic phase) will have long-term impact on offspring health both in early and later in life. Epidemiological studies have revealed that maternal exposure to air pollution increases the risk of developing airways disease in offspring due to impaired lung development in utero. In this review, we discuss cellular mechanisms involved in maternal exposure to air pollution and how it can impact development of airways disease in offspring. Better understanding of these mechanisms in context of maternal exposure to air pollution can offer newer avenue to prevent development of airways disease in offspring.

scholarly journals Impact of Maternal Air Pollution Exposure on Children’s Lung Health: An Indian Perspective

Toxics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritam Saha ◽  
Ebin Johny ◽  
Ashish Dangi ◽  
Sopan Shinde ◽  
Samuel Brake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Long Term Impact

Air pollution has become an emerging invisible killer in recent years and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. More than 90% of the world’s children breathe toxic air every day. India is among the top ten most highly polluted countries with an average PM10 level of 134 μg/m3 per year. It is reported that 99% of India’s population encounters air pollution levels that exceed the World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline, advising a PM2.5 permissible level of 10 μg/m3. Maternal exposure to air pollution has serious health outcomes in offspring because it can affect embryonic phases of development during the gestation period. A fetus is more prone to effects from air pollution during embryonic developmental phases due to resulting oxidative stress as antioxidant mechanisms are lacking at that stage. Any injury during this vulnerable period (embryonic phase) will have a long-term impact on offspring health, both early and later in life. Epidemiological studies have revealed that maternal exposure to air pollution increases the risk of development of airway disease in the offspring due to impaired lung development in utero. In this review, we discuss cellular mechanisms involved in maternal exposure to air pollution and how it can impact airway disease development in offspring. A better understanding of these mechanisms in the context of maternal exposure to air pollution can offer a new avenue to prevent the development of airway disease in offspring.

scholarly journals Impact of Maternal Air Pollution Exposure on Children’s Lung Health: An Indian Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritam Saha ◽  
Ebin Johny ◽  
Ashish Dangi ◽  
Shinde Bhagwan ◽  
Mathew Eapen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Long Term Impact

Air pollution has become a growing invisible killer in recent years and is major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. India stands 10th among the highly polluted countries with an average PM10 level of 134μg/m3 per year. It is also reported that 99% of India's population comes across air pollution level that exceed the World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline (AQG), PM2.5 permissible levels of 10 μg/m3. Maternal exposure to air pollution has a serious health outcome to the offspring because it can affect embryonic phases of development during the gestation period. Fetus is more prone to air pollution effect during embryonic developmental phases due to oxidative stress as antioxidant mechanisms are lacking at that stage. Any injury during this vulnerable period (embryonic phase) will have long-term impact on offspring health both in early and later in life. Epidemiological studies have revealed that maternal exposure to air pollution increases the risk of developing airways disease in offspring due to impaired lung development in utero. In this review, we discuss cellular mechanisms involved in maternal exposure to air pollution and how it can impact development of airways disease in offspring. Better understanding of these mechanisms in context of maternal exposure to air pollution can offer newer avenue to prevent development of airways disease in offspring.

Rajshahi, A pollution free city: Effects of implied elements and battery rickshaw towards a sustainable environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Rubaba Archi ◽  
Md.Israil Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Intercity Transportation ◽  
The City ◽  
Percent Decline

This paper describes how the city of Rajshahi fought back air pollution through adopting mitigation measures by identifying every possible contributing factors of the pollution. The paper also includes how implementing battery operated rickshaw as a means of intercity transportation impacted the pollution level and contributed towards sustainable environment. The paper covers the details about the problem identification process and the mitigation measures taken by the engineers in the Rajshahi City Corporation. As a result of the steps taken, Rajshahi showed a 67.2% percent decline in concentration of PM10 particles, from 195 micrograms per cubic meter of air volume in 2014 to 64 micrograms for cubic meters. This was the largest percentage reduction in PM10 concentration worldwide. PM2.5 concentration also nearly halved from 70 micrograms per cubic meter to micrograms per cubic meter. The report where this achievement was announced was published by World Health Organization (WHO). By analyzing the discussion it was concluded that Rajshahi was a model city and can be considered as a benchmark and ideal for other cities to follow to reduce air pollution and create a sustainable environment.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ambient Air Quality in China: A Quasi-Difference-in-Difference Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3404
Author(s):  
Tuo Zhang ◽  
Maogang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
Static And Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has provided a distinct opportunity to explore the mechanisms by which human activities affect air quality and pollution emissions. We conduct a quasi-difference-in-differences (DID) analysis of the impacts of lockdown measures on air pollution during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Our study covers 367 cities from the beginning of the lockdown on 23 January 2020 until April 22, two weeks after the lockdown in the epicenter was lifted. Static and dynamic analysis of the average treatment effects on the treated is conducted for the air quality index (AQI) and six criteria pollutants. The results indicate that, first, on average, the AQI decreased by about 7%. However, it was still over the threshold set by the World Health Organization. Second, we detect heterogeneous changes in the level of different pollutants, which suggests heterogeneous impacts of the lockdown on human activities: carbon monoxide (CO) had the biggest drop, about 30%, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) had the second-biggest drop, 20%. In contrast, ozone (O3) increased by 3.74% due to the changes in the NOx/VOCs caused by the decrease in NOx, the decrease of O3 titration, and particulate matter concentration. Third, air pollution levels rebounded immediately after the number of infections dropped, which indicates a swift recovery of human activities. This study provides insights into the implementation of environmental policies in China and other developing countries.

scholarly journals Noise and Air Pollution Related to Health in Urban Environments

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Montes-González ◽  
Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽  
Pedro Atanasio-Moraga ◽  
Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
European Environmental Agency ◽  
Environmental Health Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Environmental noise is a pollutant considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a threat to public health due to its harmful effects on human health. In this regard, the European Environmental Agency (EEA) indicates that road traffic is the sound source that generates the greatest number of people exposed in Europe to sound levels above what is recommended by the European Noise Directive. In a similar way, the EEA also reports that air pollution is the most important environmental health risk in Europe, where road traffic is one of the main sources of emission of polluting gases. The relationship between both pollutants, leads to think about the development of common strategies. This paper presents a review on recent researches about the relationship of these two types of pollution in urban environments with different types of diseases.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and COVID-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of COVID-19’s Morbidity and Mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Comunian ◽  
Dario Dongo ◽  
Chiara Milani ◽  
Paola Palestini
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
World Health ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Pulmonary Cells ◽  
Health Organization

Sars-Cov-2 virus (COVID-19) is a member of the coronavirus family and is responsible for the pandemic recently declared by the World Health Organization. A positive correlation has been observed between the spread of the virus and air pollution, one of the greatest challenges of our millennium. COVID-19 could have an air transmission and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could create a suitable environment for transporting the virus at greater distances than those considered for close contact. Moreover, PM induces inflammation in lung cells and exposure to PM could increase the susceptibility and severity of the COVID-19 patient symptoms. The new coronavirus has been shown to trigger an inflammatory storm that would be sustained in the case of pre-exposure to polluting agents. In this review, we highlight the potential role of PM in the spread of COVID-19, focusing on Italian cities whose PM daily concentrations were found to be higher than the annual average allowed during the months preceding the epidemic. Furthermore, we analyze the positive correlation between the virus spread, PM, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor involved in the entry of the virus into pulmonary cells and inflammation.

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