scholarly journals An Intelligent IoT Based People Evacuation Guidance Model for Fire Hazard

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4238-4242
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Personal Digital Assistant ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Guidance Model

With the development of science and technology, the design of modern architecture is becoming more and more attractive. The large-scale public buildings such as shopping malls, office buildings, Research centres and education centres are increasing dramatically. In case of sudden disasters and the overloaded electricity may easily cause fire and the fire smoke, fire in large buildings spread over a wide range of areas and produces physical damages, several hazard to life and property and atmospheric pollution. This paper proposes An Intelligent IOT based People Evacuation Guidance Model for Fire Hazard to guide the people by constructing the evacuation path dynamically based on the real time situation to reach the safety exit quickly in large public buildings using their Personal Digital Assistant like mobile phone, tabs etc. Whenever a fire breaks out, IOT module alerts the people to find the safety exit. Thus, the proposed system minimizes danger and economic losses by guiding the optimized evacuation path. The performance of the proposed system will be compared with the existing system and the result of improvement will be shown.

scholarly journals Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 986
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kontogiannatos ◽  
Georgios Koutrotsios ◽  
Savvina Xekalaki ◽  
Georgios I. Zervakis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Caterpillar Fungus ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic ascomycete with similar pharmacological importance to that of the wild caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. C. militaris has attracted significant research and commercial interest due to its content in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health and the relative ease of cultivation under laboratory conditions. However, room for improvement exists in the commercial-scale cultivation of C. militaris and concerns issues principally related to appropriate strain selection, genetic degeneration of cultures, and substrate optimization. In particular, culture degeneration—usually expressed by abnormal fruit body formation and reduced sporulation—results in important economic losses and is holding back investors and potential growers (mainly in Western countries) from further developing this highly promising sector. In the present review, the main factors that influence the generation of biomass and metabolites (with emphasis on cordycepin biosynthesis) by C. militaris are presented and evaluated in conjunction with the use of a wide range of supplements or additives towards the enhancement of fungal productivity in large-scale cultivation processes. Moreover, physiological and genetic factors that increase or reduce the manifestation of strain degeneration in C. militaris are outlined. Finally, methodologies for developing protocols to be used in C. militaris functional biology studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Psychometric Testing of Shopping Mall Universal Design Assessment Tool (SM-UD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Rebaz Jalil Abdullah ◽  
Tang Jian
Keyword(s):  
Universal Design ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
People With Disability

While there are people with disability live in Kurdish parts of Iraq, a very limited number of buildings are properly designed to serve these people. Considering the challenges that people with disability face in public buildings, the United Nations has recommended the implementation of the Universal Design (UD) principles in public buildings in Iraq to ensure that all people could have access to the public buildings regardless of their abilities and backgrounds. Hence, there is a need to gather pertinent data by assessing the adherence of shopping malls in this part of Iraq to the Universal Design (UD) principles given the role of the facilities to the locals. The present study aims to develop a tool for assessing whether the shopping malls in Sulaymaniyah city adhere to Universal Design principles. An analytical tool, which was abbreviated as SM-UD, was developed using a wide range of shopping mall design elements. The tool was tested for reliability and validity through several statistical tests. Besides, the tool was tested for practicality and communicability in six different shopping malls of Sulaymaniyah. The reliability and validity test indicate that the majority of items showed good to excellent reliability and fair to excellent validity. The results of using the tool show that it is capable of identifying the drawbacks of shopping malls in terms of their universality of design. The proposed tool appears ready to be used by shopping malls’ managers and researchers.

scholarly journals Flood vulnerability and risk assessment of urban traditional buildings in a heritage district of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2221-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina D'Ayala ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Yuan Yan ◽  
Helen Smith ◽  
Ashleigh Massam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Flood hazard is increasing in frequency and magnitude in major South East Asian metropolitan areas due to fast urban development and changes in climate, threatening people's property and life. Typically, flood management actions are mostly focused on large-scale defences, such as river embankments or discharge channels or tunnels. However, these are difficult to implement in town centres without affecting the value of their heritage districts and might not provide sufficient mitigation. Therefore, urban heritage buildings may become vulnerable to flood events, even when they were originally designed and built with intrinsic resilient measures, based on the local knowledge of the natural environment and its threats at the time. Their aesthetic and cultural and economic values mean that they can represent a proportionally high contribution to losses in any event. Hence it is worth investigating more localized, tailored mitigation measures. Vulnerability assessment studies are essential to inform the feasibility and development of such strategies. In this study we propose a multilevel methodology to assess the flood vulnerability and risk of residential buildings in an area of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, characterized by traditional timber housing. The multiscale flood vulnerability model is based on a wide range of parameters, covering building-specific parameters, neighbourhood conditions and catchment area conditions. The obtained vulnerability index shows the ability to reflect different exposure by different building types and their relative locations. The vulnerability model is combined with high-resolution fluvial and pluvial flood maps providing scenario events with 0.1 % annual exceedance probability (AEP). A damage function of generic applicability is developed to compute the economic losses at individual building and sample levels. The study provides evidence that results obtained for a small district can be scaled up to the city level, to inform both generic and specific protection strategies.

Assembly Sites in Scandinavia: Activities and Rituals of the Community

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Sanmark
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shared Ownership

Chapter 5 shifts the focus to the rituals and activities of the wider community in Scandinavia. At thing sites a wide range of community activities and rituals, which most likely and created collective memories and strengthened social cohesion, were enacted. Many of these activities may have been designed by the elite, but equally the idea of assemblies as communal spaces may have been collectively driven. The archaeological signature of meeting-places and assembly-sites suggests associations with feasting and eating on a large-scale, and architectural layouts that emphasised the collective over the individual and facilitated group interaction and cohesion. The construction, enlargement and maintenance of monuments and other features required the participation of large numbers of people. By joining in this work the population gained shared ownership of the sites. This was further enhanced by communal activities during the meetings, which also involved games and sports, as well as trade. Assemblies therefore formed arenas of interplay between the top-elite and the wider population; kings were elected and ruled through the assembly, while at the same time continuously dependent on the endorsement of the people.

scholarly journals Prospects for the use of modern technological solutions in the flat-lying coal seams development, taking into account the danger of the formation of the places of its spontaneous combustion

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 534-541
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zubov ◽  
Dmitrii Golubev
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spontaneous Combustion Of Coal ◽  
The Impact

Spontaneous combustion of coal remains an important problem for coal mines, which can lead to an explosion of methane and coal dust. Accidents associated with spontaneous combustion of coal can cause significant economic losses to coal mining companies, as well as entail social damage – injuries and loss of life. Accidents are known at the Kuzbass mines, which occurred as a result of negligent attitude to the danger of spontaneous combustion of coal, the victims of which were dozens of people. The analysis of emergency situations associated with spontaneous combustion of coal shows that the existing wide range of means of preventing endogenous fires does not provide complete safety when working out coal seams prone to spontaneous combustion, therefore, spontaneous combustion places continue to occur in mines. The consequences that may arise as a result of a methane explosion initiated by a self-ignition place indicate the need to improve the used technologies. The purpose of the work is to determine the impact of modern technological solutions used in functioning mines during underground mining of flat-lying coal seams prone to spontaneous combustion, and to develop new solutions that reduce endogenous fire hazard. Conclusions on the influence of leaving coal pillars in the developed space, isolated air removal from the stoping face through the developed space, the length of the stoping face and the excavation pillar, and other factors on the danger of the formation of spontaneous combustion places are presented. Conclusions about the possibility of using modern technological solutions in future are also drawn.

scholarly journals Influence of Coconut Fiber and Shell on Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Constructional Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Concrete Production

Concrete is a Composite material which is composed of Cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate binded together with a definite proportion of water. Concrete is widely used in every single construction work around the world. Due to large scale construction activities using conventional coarse aggregate such as granite as a constructional material extreme reduction in the natural stone deposit has been encountered and is affecting the environment, hence causing ecology imbalance. In current situation of construction, price factor and the wide range of extraction and processing of materialsis matter of great concern for the people as well as environment. Therefore, introduction of alternate waste material in place of natural aggregate in concrete production not only protects environment but also make concrete a suitable, economical and environment friendly construction material. Different material like Coconut Shell and Fiber can also be used alternatively. In this project Coconut Shell and fiber are used as partial replacement for coarse aggregate as well as fine aggregate, respectively. To study characteristic properties of concrete 10% and 20% for coarse aggregate and 1%, and 2% for fine aggregate are replaced by its weight with coconut shell and fiber.

scholarly journals Embedded System Based Emergency Evacuation System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1339-1342
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
The People ◽  
Safe Area ◽  
Safety Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation System

The complex nature of the internal environment of public buildings make us to think about how to protect people in the break-out of fire and quickly reach the safe area. With the help of Arduino and other components such as fire hydrants, fire extinguishers, safety evacuation symbols in buildings, the migration of the people can be dynamically monitored and controlled. Using Arduino, an intelligent dynamic evacuation path solving model for emergency evacuation system was built for large public buildings. When an emergency situation occurs, the system can help guide people to evacuate from building and reach the safe exit quickly, so as to reduce casualties and economic losses.

scholarly journals Who Are the People? Defining the Demos in the Measurement of Democracy

2020 ◽  
pp. 003232172096648
Author(s):  
Mathias Koenig-Archibugi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Democracy Measurement

Large-scale efforts to measure the democratic nature of polities across space and time are most useful when they reflect the variety of conceptions of democracy developed by political theorists. Traditionally, the attention of political theorists as well as political scientists focused on what it means for the people to rule, to the neglect of the equally important question of who the relevant people should be. In recent years, however, an increasing number of political theorists have tackled the problem of defining the demos and offered a wide range of answers. The article argues that empirical democracy measurement projects should take into account the variety of conceptions of the demos debated today instead of assuming consensus on this dimension. It also discusses how this can be done systematically. The arguments are developed with reference to the most ambitious and comprehensive democracy measurement project yet: Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem).

Rationality Evaluation on the Fire Compartment of Large-Scale Public Buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 1029-1032
Author(s):  
Jia Wang ◽  
Yuan Ren ◽  
Xiao Hong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Fuzzy Algorithm ◽  
Hazard Degree

Nowadays, fire compartments of large-scale public buildings are generally large. This paper analyses and calculates the fire hazard degree of each fire compartment in buildings by Gustav’s method and Fuzzy Algorithm, which can provide a basis for decision-making in reasonable fire compartment.

New China’s First Civil Code: Problems of Theory and Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Pavel Troshchinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

On January the 1st, 2021, the first Civil Code in the history of the People's Republic of China took effect. The process of codification of civil legislation began in the PRC back in the 1950s. However, due to various circumstances, the Code wasn't adopted during the 20th century. Only in virtue of the initiative of Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, the work on the content of a largecodified act of civil law was successfully completed and the Chinese parliament approved the Code in May 2020. A kind of "economic constitution", which is understood as the Civil Code, is designed to regulate a wide range of civil law relations, comprehensively protect the legal rights and interests of a wide range of participants. The emergence of the Civil Code in the legal system of China was a major event in the history of the country, it was carried out as a part of a large-scale campaign to strengthen the rule of law and rule the state on the basis of the law. The content of the Civil Code of the PRC is of significant theoretical and practical interest both for the Russian legal and sinological sciences, and for all compatriots working with China and in China. The research of the Code requires a deep immersion in the Chinese political and legal reality, an understanding of the foundations of public administration in a new era, and also an awareness of the specifics of legal culture, the legal consciousness of Chinese citizens and law enforcement practice.

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