scholarly journals THE PARADIGMATIC CRISIS AND THE “MAINSTREAM” POTENTIAL OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
INGA BALARJISHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Equilibrium Solutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Endogenous Variables ◽  
Static Mechanism

The article analyzes the manifestations and causes of the paradigmatic crisis of the modern economic “mainstream”: the “monopolization” of economic theory and economic education by the neoclassical direction; Fragmentary nature of scientific research; The “fascination” of scientists with the problem of economic growth and ignoring other factors of social development. The emphasis is on the lack of interdisciplinary research, the “mathematization” of economic knowledge. It is noted that the role of mathematics in economic models is only instrumental, mathematically complex economic models make the world more incomprehensible than simplify, the connection with real life is lost. Unlike the «mainstream», technology and individual taste in the institutional economy are endogenous variables. Institutionalists focus on the boundaries in which the actual future can be predicted, in contrast to the prediction in the «model context»; Institutionalists approach the economy as an organic and evolving «whole», and not as a static mechanism; Other advantages of the institutional economy are: the use of methodological collectivism instead of methodological individualism; Study of the processes of adaptation and disequilibrium, a criticism of the «neoclassical search» for optimal and equilibrium solutions; Instead of technology, focus on ownership and transaction costs; Recognition of ideology as the determining factor in economic history, which contradicts the neoclassical vision of the world; The refutation of the Pareto optimality principle; Emphasis on economic and political power. The methodological orientation of the institutional economy and the possibility of practical application determine its potential for becoming a “new mainstream”.

The Economic Component of the «World Around Us» Subject (2nd and 3rd Grades)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Корнеева ◽  
Olga Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary School Pupils

The paper covers the prospects of economic education of primary school pupils and considers economic concepts included in the of the “World Around Us” subject curriculum. Also provided are didactic materials for class work, designed to help primary school pupils to learn and deepen their economic knowledge and to encourage their interest in the economic issues.

scholarly journals Some global economic realities and environmental impact in the context of the pandemic: causes and trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 06054
Author(s):  
Amina Sakhbieva ◽  
Vitaly Goncharov ◽  
Elena Zatsarinnaya ◽  
Daria Gordeeva ◽  
Inessa Kalyakina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Literal Sense ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Air Carriers

The article examines some of the world’s economic realities in the context of a pandemic. It is noted that the world will experience the economic consequences of the pandemic for several more years. Well-established supply chains have been disrupted, some cranes have fallen into deep recessions, and the recovery of some of the world’s leading economic sectors is still in doubt. No one could have imagined that such a large industry as the oil industry, in the literal sense, will go into negative territory, and the air carriers will remain practically out of work. However, this took place in real life and was reflected in economic history. Therefore, in order to overcome these negative trends in the future, it is necessary to learn from the mistakes of today, this will make it possible to prevent the shutdown of economically important industries in the future and allow the economy to develop, even if not at a high pace, but still within the framework of a certain progressive development.The purpose of the work is to analyze some of the economic events that took place during the pandemic in order to identify the causes of their occurrence and further development trends.

scholarly journals Inter-subject communications in the learning of mathematics

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
D. Abdukhalikova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Training Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Culture ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

This article describes the study of mathematics inter-subject communication in institutes, where the need to pay special attention to the relationship of mathematics with other subjects, especially with the basics of economic knowledge. Inter-subject communication is raised to a higher level of scientific weight training process, providing multifaceted influence on the personality of students, ensuring unity of education, educational and developmental functions. So much attention in institutes for economic education is primarily due to the fact that economic knowledge defined by renowned economists who can teach economic theory necessary for the formation of the economic way of thinking and economic culture of the students. Besides knowledge form the basis of economic education and training student. Influence of inter-subject communications so broadly that it covers the area of teaching all disciplines affects the curriculum, programs and textbooks, beyond the narrowly defined as training, affecting the formation of the world students. So, there is every reason to believe inter-subject communication one of the principles of didactics.

Exploring Citizenship: Unit 4 My Heritage

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (5) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
John Rutledge ◽  
Joy C. Jordan ◽  
Dale W. Pracht
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The Real ◽  
Volunteer Leaders ◽  
Youth Development Program ◽  
Major Revision ◽  
The World ◽  
Individual Needs

 The 4-H Citizenship Project offers the opportunity to help 4-H members relate all of their 4-H projects and experiences to the world around them. The 4-H Citizenship manuals will serve as a guide for 4-H Citizenship experiences. To be truly meaningful to the real-life needs and interests of your group, the contribution of volunteer leaders is essential. Each person, neighborhood, and community has individual needs that you can help your group identify. This 14-page major revision of Unit IV covers the heritage project. Written by John Rutledge, Joy C. Jordan, and Dale Pracht and published by the UF/IFAS Extension 4-H Youth Development program. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h019

The Political Economy of Italy's Decline

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lorenzo Capussela
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Coordination Games ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Accountability ◽  
Private Goods

This book offers an interpretation of Italy’s decline, which began two decades before the Great Recession. It argues that its deeper roots lie in the political economy of growth. This interpretation is illustrated through a discussion of Italy’s political and economic history since its unification, in 1861. The emphasis is placed on the country’s convergence to the productivity frontier and TFP performance, and on the evolution of its social order and institutions. The lens through which its history is reviewed, to illuminate the origins and evolution of the current constraints to growth, is drawn from institutional economics and Schumpeterian growth theory. It is exemplified by analysing two alternative reactions to the insufficient provision of public goods: an opportunistic one—employing tax evasion, corruption, or clientelism as means to appropriate private goods—and one based on enforcing political accountability. From the perspective of ordinary citizens and firms such social dilemmas can typically be modelled as coordination games, which have multiple equilibria. Self-interested rationality can thus lead to a spiral, in which several mutually reinforcing vicious circles lead society onto an inefficient equilibrium characterized by low political accountability and weak rule of law. The book follows the gradual setting in of this spiral, despite an ambitious attempt at institutional reform, in 1962–4, and its resumption after a severe endogenous shock, in 1992–4. It concludes that innovative ideas can overcome the constraints posed by that spiral, and ease the country’s shift onto a fairer and more efficient equilibrium.

scholarly journals AnANN Model Trained on Regional Data in the Prediction of Particular Weather Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4757
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bączkiewicz ◽  
Jarosław Wątróbski ◽  
Wojciech Sałabun ◽  
Joanna Kołodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have proven to be a powerful tool for solving a wide variety of real-life problems. The possibility of using them for forecasting phenomena occurring in nature, especially weather indicators, has been widely discussed. However, the various areas of the world differ in terms of their difficulty and ability in preparing accurate weather forecasts. Poland lies in a zone with a moderate transition climate, which is characterized by seasonality and the inflow of many types of air masses from different directions, which, combined with the compound terrain, causes climate variability and makes it difficult to accurately predict the weather. For this reason, it is necessary to adapt the model to the prediction of weather conditions and verify its effectiveness on real data. The principal aim of this study is to present the use of a regressive model based on a unidirectional multilayer neural network, also called a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), to predict selected weather indicators for the city of Szczecin in Poland. The forecast of the model we implemented was effective in determining the daily parameters at 96% compliance with the actual measurements for the prediction of the minimum and maximum temperature for the next day and 83.27% for the prediction of atmospheric pressure.

scholarly journals Should 1974 be considered a watershed year in the economic history of the world?

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
G. Jan Hupkes
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Payments System ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
Economic Future

The early 1970s marked a turning point in mankind's economic fortunes and the author takes 1974 as an 'artificial' vantage point from which to look back, but also forward. Several forces led to the shocks of the seventies: the breaking down in the discipline of the international payments system, rising inflation, the oil crisis, the West's loss of strategic military initiative to the East. The author outlines what ought to be done to improve the economic outlook for the 1980s: The international payments system must be placed on a more stable and disciplined footing, inflation must be controlled by balancing of national budgets, the energy crisis must be contained by reduction of oil consumption via the price mechanism. In South Africa the economic watershed year was 1976; two years later than that of the world economy in general. Since then a policy of strict financial discipline has led to a record surplus in balance of payments, which together with new emphasis on the importance of the free market mechanism and increasing energy self-sufficiency, promises a better economic future for South Africa than for many other countries.Die vroee 1970s was 'n keerpunt in die mensdom se ekonomiese lotgevalle en die skrywer neem 1974 as 'n 'kunsmatige' uitsigpunt vanwaar hy terug kyk, maar ook vorentoe. Verskeie magte het gelei tot die skokke van die sewentigs: die aftakeling van die dissipline van die internasionale betalingstelsel, stygende inflasie, die oliiekrisis, en die Weste se afstand van strategiese militere inisiatief aan die Ooste. Die skrywer dui aan wat gedoen moet word om die ekonomiese vooruitsigte vir die 1980s te verbeter: Die internasionale betalingstelsel moet op 'n meer stabiele en gedissiplineerde grondslag geplaas word, inflasie moet deur die balansering van nasionale begrotings beheer word, die energiekrisis moet via die prysmeganisme deur verminderde olieverbrulk beteuel word. In Suid-Afrika was die ekonomiese waterskeidingsjaar 1976; twee jaar later as die van die wereld-ekonomie in die algemeen. Sedertdien het 'n beleid van streng finansiele dissipline gelei tot 'n rekord surplus op die betalingsbalans, wat saam met nuwe klem op die belangrikheid van die vrye markmeganisme en toenemende energie-selfvoorsiening, 'n bater ekonomiese toekoms vir Suid-Afrika as vir baie ander lande beloof.

A Concise Economic History of the World: From Paleolithic Times to the Present

1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barbezat ◽  
Rondo Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Foreign Private Investment in India 1920–1950

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
International Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Private Investment ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Overseas Investment ◽  
Developed Nations

Overseas investment by developed nations in the less industrialized economies of Asia, Africa and Latin America is an important part of modern international economic history. Such investment has long been recognized as a potent force in integrating the international economy. It has also been placed at the heart of most theories of the expansion of European empires in the nineteenth century and it is seen as a major part of the ‘neo-colonialism’ that is widely thought to have characterized the world economic and political structure since 1945. This article will examine private foreign investment in India in the first half of the twentieth century, spanning the gap between the ‘imperial’ and the ‘neo-colonial’ epochs.

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