scholarly journals COMPATIBILITY PROBLEM OF BASIC PUBLIC VALUES WITH ECONOMIC POLICY GOALS AND DECISIONS FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
REVAZ GVELESIANI
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Partial List ◽  
High Level

Economic policy related decisions are very complex in their logical structure because of the multilateral interdependence of the Social-economic events. Every decision includes some kind of vagueness. It is either clear or vague whether economic-political situation and results of discussed actions are analyzed well. The logical structure of decisions is the objective of the theory of the decision making. This theory helps to assess and overcome the problems in economic policy related decision making. Economic policy is oriented on achieving the predefined goals. These goals are determined by economic situation and many normative attitudes (basic values). There is an agreement on one part of the goals among the majority of developed countries. The laws and resolutions issued by different governments often include economic indicators, including: significant economic growth, high level of employment, appreciating the currency as an indicator of stability of prices, foreign economic relations, foreign economic equilibrium or fair distribution of the income and the property. This is the partial list of the goals, but it is enough to demonstrate that goals are the only means (instruments) for realizing all-inclusive norms of basic public values.

Using Network Analysis for Understanding How Decisions are Made

2011 ◽  
pp. 950-957
Author(s):  
Frédéric Adam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

Network analysis, a body of research that concentrates on the social networks that connect actors in society, has been found to have many applications in areas where researchers struggle to understand the complex workings of organisations (Nohria, 1992). Social network analysis (SNA) acknowledges that individuals are characterised just as much by their relationships with one another (which is often neglected in traditional research) as by their specific attributes (Knoke & Kuklinski, 1982) and that, beyond individuals, society itself is made of networks (Kilduff & Tsai, 2003). It is the study of the relationships between actors and between clusters of actors in organisations and in society that has been labeled network analysis. These high level observations about network analysis indicate that this orientation has great potential for the study of how managers, groups of managers, and organisations make decisions, following processes that unfold over long periods of time and that are sometimes very hard to fully comprehend without reference to a network approach. This article proposes to investigate the potential application of network analysis to the study of individual and organizational decision making and to leverage its strengths for the design and development of better decision aids.

scholarly journals Public Danger of Corruption Crimes in the Sphere of Housing and Communal Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
S. I. Kel'm
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Group ◽  
Natural Monopoly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Control ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Administrative Functions ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
High Level

Currently, housing and communal services as a specific form of socio-economic relations are most susceptible to criminal influence. The Author of the article examines corruption crimes in the field of housing and communal services (HCS) from the point of view of public danger. Corruption as a social and legal phenomenon continues to be a dangerous factor in the development of the housing and utilities sector. The article draws attention to the systemic nature of corruption crimes in the housing sector. It is noted that the majority of crimes in the housing and communal sector are stable corruption and are committed by officials, as well as by persons performing organizational, administrative and administrative functions at the enterprises of housing and communal services. The criminals have adapted to the new system of functioning of the housing and communal services and forms of control over its activities. They began to more often involve enterprise accountants, relatives and other close persons in their criminal schemes, thereby forming a stable criminal group in which all roles are carefully distributed and thought out. The Author analyzes judicial practice in corruption-related cases in the field of housing and communal services. The most typical ways of committing crimes in this area are shown. Attention is paid to violations related to the resettlement of citizens from hazardous housing. The issue of the organization of natural monopoly in our country, which reduce the effectiveness of the existing measures of state control and which directly affect the growth of corruption crimes, is investigated. Attention is focused on the deliberate obfuscation of the property rights of resource-supplying organizations and the withdrawal of income to offshore zones. The factors that contribute to the growth of corruption crimes in this industry are noted. On the basis of the study, the author concludes that the social danger of corruption crimes in the sphere of housing and communal services is conditioned by a high level of organization, selfish involvement of officials in the redistribution of funds in their favor, as well as the intricacy of schemes and methods of withdrawing funds from enterprises of housing and communal services.

scholarly journals MODERN TRENDS IN GOVERNANCE OF STATE OWNERSHIP RELATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Iurii Umantsiv ◽  
Larysa Lebedeva ◽  
Anastasiia Mytrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Low Efficiency

Today, the diversity of functions of the state is objectively expanding, especially in the context of socially oriented economies of developed countries. Effective governance of state property serves as a solid foundation for successful performance of the state functions. The chosen topic is of particular relevance in the context of Ukraine's transformational economy. The subject of research is the system of economic relations of state property. Methodology. In the course of the study, a general philosophical dialectical method was used to find contradictions in the phenomena and sources of their development, such as the essence of state property and its contents. Common scientific methods were also used: analysis and synthesis; comparative analysis; statistical methods for calculating the structure and dynamics of indicators of condition and development of state property. The overall system for assessing the socio-economic efficiency of state property management was carried out on the basis of microeconomic indicators and macroeconomic indicators (indicators of economic and social efficiency). The purpose of the paper is to reveal the trends of development of state ownership relations in the European countries as well as in Ukraine, in particular, the difficulties of the process of managing them, as well as to formulate possible ways to overcome such difficulties. Conclusions of the study. Today, the importance of the state as a public institute is objectively increasing in the most economically developed countries. By succeeding in achieving positive institutional changes in ownership relations (creating favorable conditions for SMEs, developing market infrastructure, conducting moderate privatization of state property, transferring state-owned enterprises to market tracks, maintaining policies for protecting national interests, etc.) the grounds for economic growth and improvement of the social sphere in France and Poland were made. Though the conducted analysis showed that the development of state property in Ukraine is contradictory, it has the following problems: ambiguous character of privatization; low efficiency of state property governance; insufficient efficiency of work of enterprises with state ownership; institutional problems. Overall, the socio-economic efficiency of state property governance in Ukraine needs improvement. Thus, the state policy of property governance should include, in particular, the following steps: development of a national model of governance, as well as strategies for the development of state property; organization of state property management entities; development of a system of criteria and indicators for assessing not only the economic but also the social efficiency of state property governance.

scholarly journals Transformation of Public Administration of the Social and Economic Policy in Ukraine by the Example of the Healthcare Reformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problematic Area ◽  
System Reformation

In the article, a problem is set regarding urgent transformation of the public administration of the social and economic policy of Ukraine under the healthcare reformation. The problem seems to be urgent because the Ukrainian national healthcare management system differs from similar systems in most developed countries due to a unique characteristic. The point is that at the highest legislative level, the state guarantees its citizens free medical care, although in practice, this provision remains partially declarative. And this should be a target of reformation. Today, the Ukrainian healthcare system, based on the centrally controlled principles, is facing a deep crisis, therefore the public administration model should be changed, and the healthcare system be radically reformed. Basing on modeling methods, expert survey, mathematical statistics, the following results have been obtained: a formulated list of problems, an offered model for the healthcare system management in Ukraine considering that the process should be transformed. These results can lay the groundwork for the development of a real strategic plan, when the task of "clearing the problematic area" to be solved in stages, according to the actual urgency of certain problems from the point of view of increasing the efficiency of the healthcare system reformation in Ukraine.

Gender inequalities in matters of drug addiction: how does alcoholism really affect women?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Calderón Calvo ◽  
Marta Ruiz-Narezo ◽  
Nerea Iglesias-López ◽  
Manuel González de Audikana de la Hera
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University ◽  
Clear Increase ◽  
Political Decision Making

Alcoholism is the most widespread addiction in developed countries, given that alcohol is deeply rooted in their societies. However, the link between women and alcohol abuse is a neglected area of research, particularly in view of the social changes that have taken place in the last few decades, with more and more women joining public life, working outside the home and involved in political decision-making. The University of Deusto’s Institute of Drug Dependencies has taken the opportunity offered by research commissioned by the stakeholder Alcoholics Anonymous to examine that link with a view to providing a more up-to-date view. This means acknowledging a clear increase in alcoholism among women, which may be linked to social and economic changes in our society that have affected women.

scholarly journals International practices of using the cluster approach for the development of integration processes

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Eduard Karapetian
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
The State ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level

The research paper considers the existing approaches to defining the essence of clusterization and clusters in foreign economies, and presents the analysis of conditions leading to the emergence and development of industrial clusters. Some practices of forming cluster structures in the developed countries are described. The role of industrial clusters in providing real economic growth and increasing efficiency of production is clarified. It is proved that using the cluster approach in Ukraine is a necessary foundation for a revival of regional manufacturing and thereby ensuring a high level of the national economy’s competitiveness. The aim of the article is to undertake an in-depth study of international concepts and axiomatic doctrines of integration processes on the basis of using the cluster approaches, which may become the foundation of applied research devoted to efficient functioning of industrial associations as a priority of structural modernization and acceleration of innovation and investment growth of the national manufacturing. The cluster approach has emerged from implementing a policy of foreign countries focused on the development of regions. Implementation of clustering in international activities clearly demonstrates its advancement and efficiency. An important factor of improving efficiency is the organizational factor associated with the regional association of manufacturers. The regions in whose territories clusters are formed become leaders in national economies and foreign economic relations. The study of the basic concepts of competition and global practices of business activities allows us to conclude that the theory of cluster mechanisms serves as a basis for establishing more successful firms and economic systems. Cluster systems combine the most effective and interconnected types of economic activity by grouping successfully competing firms that form the leading component of the whole economic system of the state and create competitive positions in the sectoral, national and global markets. The cluster approach, which was originally used to research issues of competitiveness of individual groups of enterprises, subsequently have become applicable in solving a wider range of tasks: the analysis of the competitiveness of the state, region, sector; as a basis of national manufacturing policy; as a basis for the interaction of big and small businesses.

Commuter couples’ life satisfaction in Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-127
Author(s):  
Yun-Suk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level ◽  
Depth Interviews

The prevalence of ‘commuter couples’ (a type of dual-earner couple in which the spouses live separately) is on the rise. The literature on this form of marital arrangement is, however, limited in that most studies are based on in-depth interviews of individuals with high-level employment in developed countries. Using cross-sectional data from the Social Survey (2012 and 2014) in Korea, this study examined (1) the relation of this newly emerging form of living arrangement with life satisfaction and (2) differences between wives and husbands in commuter couples in life satisfaction in Korea. Commuter couples in this study reported lower life satisfaction compared to typical dual-earner couples. In addition, in commuter couples, the husbands reported lower levels of life satisfaction compared to their wives. It appears that without immediate spousal support, both wives and husbands in commuter couples suffer from the burden of multiple social roles. Additionally, gender should be considered when examining the implications of this living arrangement for subjective well-being.

scholarly journals Introduction: The Ecology of Shrinkage

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Rink ◽  
Sigrun Kabisch
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Previous Phase

Since about the 1980s, shrinkage processes have been observed mainlyin the developed countries. Although population decreases has beenthe main focus, other phenomena—such as the reduction of jobs, therestructuring of industrial and urban regions, and the scarcity of publiccommodities and natural resources—also deserve attention. Shrinkageis by no means becoming the dominant mode of developmentthough some regional exceptions do exist. In this sense, it is comparableto the modern growth processes that do not run concordantly.Modern shrinkage processes are concentrated in certain economicbranches, institutions, social groups, and last but not least, regions.Consequently, we find profound disparities with some countries whereparts of society face shrinkage processes while others face growthprocesses. As observed by some scholars (e.g., Oswalt 2008), the growthmode is losing its dominance in modern societies. However, a paradigmshift toward shrinkage has not yet taken place. Rather one hasto assume a longer phase of side-by-side, contra-, and co-operativegrowth and shrinkage processes. This phase may be shaped by its owncontradictions and conflicts, in particular by a high level of uncertainty.In contrast to the social growth phase roughly until the early1970s, this phase will probably be less easy to steer. Although growthcoalitions, typical for the previous phase, were based on the assumptionthat profits were redistributed as welfare, the shrinkage alliancesare confronted with the financing of losses. Shrinkage processes challengeoperational routines and bring with them new positions of interestthat require novel coalitions among actors.

scholarly journals MEASURING SOCIAL CAPITAL IN PLANNED AND UNPLANNED NEIGHBORHOODS OF LAHORE: A CASE STUDY OF JOHAR TOWN AND SINGHPURA

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Saima Gulzar ◽  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Rumana Khan Shirwani
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

Social capital is an asset and is defined as the social networks and interactions that inspire trust and reciprocity among citizens necessary for the community development. The fundamental premise is that some neighborhood designs enable or encourage social ties or community connections, whereas others do not. Two case studies were selected, namely Singhpura (traditional settlement) and Johar Town (modern settlement) to measure the social capital in Lahore. Questionnaire was designed to conduct surveys at household level to measure social capital. Surveys were conducted among 154 respondents belonging to both areas. Statistical analysis of the data collected was done using the SPSS software. It was concluded that over the past few years, social capital in the neighborhoods of Lahore and different areas of Pakistan has decreased to a great extent. The design of neighborhoods promotes dependency on the private vehicles. Walkability decreases in planned areas but it is still available in unplanned old developed areas because of mixed land uses. Due to high level of walkability in these areas, social interaction is high as compared to planned areas and high income societies, where people have no value of social interaction and are busy in their personal work. In developed countries due to high social capital people participate in community level development projects, but in the case of Pakistan due to low level of social capital there is no concept of participatory development. It has been recommended here that new developments should follow the traditional urban forms where traditional neighborhood developments should be based on new urbanism principles, which encourage the use of undulating and straight streets that maximize pedestrian connectivity. These new developments should be a mix of compatible land uses and should work to incorporate elements such as architectural details and street furniture, encouraging human interaction on an urban scale. Keywords: Social Capital, Neighborhood, Traditional, Lahore.

scholarly journals The New Face of the Development: Social Capital

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem YAPAR SAÇIK ◽  
Onur CEYLAN ◽  
Mehmet ALAGÖZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
The Social ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level

Classical models were insufficient in measuring development differences in countries because of focusing only capital stocks. On the other hand, new approaches discuss development with countries’ social capital. Social capital which shows relations between countries depend on confidence and affect a country’s economic, politic and social success.The confidence element has an important role in the social capital. The researches show that a society is called an underdeveloped one when the confidence is weak in that society. The existence of the social capital is mentioned in the societies with high confidence levels. Societies with the high level social capital together with human capital experience a rise in their life qualities. Many elements in the researches done come into prominence when the standards of the social capital are examined. When these are examined generally, the existing number of institutions and confidence elements are found.  Although many researches are shown as a standard of the social capital, it is the confidence element that occupies an important place among them.  At the same time, the existence of the social capital and the confidence element provide a decrease in temporal and monetary costs. The works operate in a busier and more rational way when in that society people’s and institutions’ reliability arise. The interaction here completely relies on confidence. Since this element exists in most of the developed countries, their level of success is higher.

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