scholarly journals The New Face of the Development: Social Capital

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem YAPAR SAÇIK ◽  
Onur CEYLAN ◽  
Mehmet ALAGÖZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
The Social ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level

Classical models were insufficient in measuring development differences in countries because of focusing only capital stocks. On the other hand, new approaches discuss development with countries’ social capital. Social capital which shows relations between countries depend on confidence and affect a country’s economic, politic and social success.The confidence element has an important role in the social capital. The researches show that a society is called an underdeveloped one when the confidence is weak in that society. The existence of the social capital is mentioned in the societies with high confidence levels. Societies with the high level social capital together with human capital experience a rise in their life qualities. Many elements in the researches done come into prominence when the standards of the social capital are examined. When these are examined generally, the existing number of institutions and confidence elements are found.  Although many researches are shown as a standard of the social capital, it is the confidence element that occupies an important place among them.  At the same time, the existence of the social capital and the confidence element provide a decrease in temporal and monetary costs. The works operate in a busier and more rational way when in that society people’s and institutions’ reliability arise. The interaction here completely relies on confidence. Since this element exists in most of the developed countries, their level of success is higher.

scholarly journals Az időskori gyógyszerterápia alapjai

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (23) ◽  
pp. 896-907
Author(s):  
András Telekes ◽  
Dániel Deme
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Pharmaceutical Therapy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Developed Countries

Abstract: The proportion of elderly patients is getting increased in the developed countries as a consequence of which pharmacotherapy takes a more and more important place in the healthcare system. Important biological alterations are characteristic for the elderly subjects, which have effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the pharmaceuticals. Gradually decreased kidney function may demand the modification of the administration of the pharmaceuticals. Certain pharmaceuticals and drug-interactions are potentially dangerous for this population. Therefore several factors have to be taken into account in conjunction with the therapy of elderly patients including co-morbidities, cognitive function and the social state. At the same time, the risk–benefit ratio of the pharmaceuticals is the worst among elderly patients with pharmaceutical therapy including polypragmasy. Thus, it is inevitable for the development of geriatric pharmacotherapy that the physiologic alteration of elderly has to be taken into account not only in the daily practice but also during the development and formulation of a pharmaceutical. The present paper gives an overview of the most important factors influencing the pharmacotherapy of the elderly. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(23): 896–907.

scholarly journals Introduction: The Ecology of Shrinkage

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Rink ◽  
Sigrun Kabisch
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Previous Phase

Since about the 1980s, shrinkage processes have been observed mainlyin the developed countries. Although population decreases has beenthe main focus, other phenomena—such as the reduction of jobs, therestructuring of industrial and urban regions, and the scarcity of publiccommodities and natural resources—also deserve attention. Shrinkageis by no means becoming the dominant mode of developmentthough some regional exceptions do exist. In this sense, it is comparableto the modern growth processes that do not run concordantly.Modern shrinkage processes are concentrated in certain economicbranches, institutions, social groups, and last but not least, regions.Consequently, we find profound disparities with some countries whereparts of society face shrinkage processes while others face growthprocesses. As observed by some scholars (e.g., Oswalt 2008), the growthmode is losing its dominance in modern societies. However, a paradigmshift toward shrinkage has not yet taken place. Rather one hasto assume a longer phase of side-by-side, contra-, and co-operativegrowth and shrinkage processes. This phase may be shaped by its owncontradictions and conflicts, in particular by a high level of uncertainty.In contrast to the social growth phase roughly until the early1970s, this phase will probably be less easy to steer. Although growthcoalitions, typical for the previous phase, were based on the assumptionthat profits were redistributed as welfare, the shrinkage alliancesare confronted with the financing of losses. Shrinkage processes challengeoperational routines and bring with them new positions of interestthat require novel coalitions among actors.

scholarly journals MEASURING SOCIAL CAPITAL IN PLANNED AND UNPLANNED NEIGHBORHOODS OF LAHORE: A CASE STUDY OF JOHAR TOWN AND SINGHPURA

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Saima Gulzar ◽  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Rumana Khan Shirwani
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

Social capital is an asset and is defined as the social networks and interactions that inspire trust and reciprocity among citizens necessary for the community development. The fundamental premise is that some neighborhood designs enable or encourage social ties or community connections, whereas others do not. Two case studies were selected, namely Singhpura (traditional settlement) and Johar Town (modern settlement) to measure the social capital in Lahore. Questionnaire was designed to conduct surveys at household level to measure social capital. Surveys were conducted among 154 respondents belonging to both areas. Statistical analysis of the data collected was done using the SPSS software. It was concluded that over the past few years, social capital in the neighborhoods of Lahore and different areas of Pakistan has decreased to a great extent. The design of neighborhoods promotes dependency on the private vehicles. Walkability decreases in planned areas but it is still available in unplanned old developed areas because of mixed land uses. Due to high level of walkability in these areas, social interaction is high as compared to planned areas and high income societies, where people have no value of social interaction and are busy in their personal work. In developed countries due to high social capital people participate in community level development projects, but in the case of Pakistan due to low level of social capital there is no concept of participatory development. It has been recommended here that new developments should follow the traditional urban forms where traditional neighborhood developments should be based on new urbanism principles, which encourage the use of undulating and straight streets that maximize pedestrian connectivity. These new developments should be a mix of compatible land uses and should work to incorporate elements such as architectural details and street furniture, encouraging human interaction on an urban scale. Keywords: Social Capital, Neighborhood, Traditional, Lahore.

scholarly journals Ausencia de capital social y vulnerabilidad de mujeres jefas de hogar

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Carolina Pinzón Estrada ◽  
María Victoria Aponte Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Feminization Of Poverty ◽  
The Social ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
El Alto ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Female Headed Households

 Resumen: Este trabajo presenta un análisis de laausencia de capital social de las mujeres cabeza dehogar del barrio Arabia, de la localidad 19 de CiudadBolívar en Bogotá. La descripción está basada en datostomados por medio de encuestas, entrevistas y visitas ala comunidad, que permitieron evidenciar muchos delos problemas por los cuales pasan cada una de estasmadres cabeza de hogar, como la pobreza, la falta deacceso a la educación, tanto para ellas como para sushijos e hijas, el alto índice de desempleo. Como factoradicional que aumenta su vulnerabilidad, encontramosuna situación de desconfi anza en el entorno y debilidaddel tejido social que les hace imposible emprenderacciones para solucionar problemas comunitarios.Palabras claves: Feminización de la pobreza, capitalsocial, mujeres cabeza de hogar.Absence of Social Capital and Vulnerability forWomen Heads of the HouseholdAbstract: This work offers an analysis of the absenceof social capital of women heads of household in theArabia neighborhood, locality 19 Ciudad Bolivar inBogotá. The description is based on data collected insurveys, interviews and visits to the community, showingmany problems faced by each of these women heads ofhouseholds, such as poverty, lack of access to educationboth for themselves and for their children, the high rateof unemployment. As an additional factor increasing theirvulnerability, we fi nd their mistrust of their environmentand weakness of the social tissue that prevents them fromundertaking actions to solve their community’s problems.Keywords: Feminization of poverty, social capital,female – headed households.

scholarly journals Social Priorities of Less Developed Countries Sustainable Housing (Case of Sudan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ayman K. Abdelgadir ◽  
Omer A. Abu Elzein ◽  
Faris Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Developed Countries

Sustainable development and sustainable housing indicators are a response to the trend of adopting sustainable development objectives, adopted by most countries, especially developed and less developed countries. It is difficult to implement indicators developed for a developing country context in other contexts with different social, economic and environmental conditions. Social sustainability is the most important priority regarding evaluating the housing development projects in the developed and less developed countries. Economic conditions is linked in many aspects to the social sustainability indicators. Environmental indicators are important, but the less developed countries in general has a very low environmental foot prints, this is because the industry sector is usually week comparing to the developed countries. This paper reviews the sustainable housing indicators, with a focus on United Nations reports and indicators developed for contexts similar to study area, without ignoring the most reputable indicators developed for developing countries context. The research came with a set of indicators reflects the social priorities of the new housing development in Sudan. A questionnaire participants decided the relative important of each indicator and also the importance of the parameters of each indicator. Developing a set of social priorities for Sudan will give extra efficiency in promoting and assessing sustainability in the study area. Description of the questionnaire results which reflects the national social sustainable housing development priorities are discussed. The researches came with a set of recommendations to enhance the social aspects for new housing development projects in Sudan. Using this set of priorities and recommendations will give extra efficiency in promoting and assessing sustainability in the study area.

scholarly journals Implementación de la Política Pública de Pueblos Mágicos. Caso de estudio: Tapijulapa, Tabasco / Implementation of the Public Policy Peoples Magical. Case Study: Tapijulapa, Tabasco

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Lucía Sandoval ◽  
María Estela Ortega Rubí
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politica Publica

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to analyze the participation of different stakeholders, resulting from the implementation of the Public Policy Magical Towns, aimed at sustainable development of Villa Tapijulapa. This investigation is currently underway, however it has been observed that it has been funded development projects, through various government institutions that contribute to Magic Towns Program, which has not been successful, in addition there is a misuse system resources. These issues are presented by the complexity of cooperation, multiplicity of participants and perspectives; and the various attitudes and degrees of involvement of the various stakeholders. As the analysis of the social capital of the community and the characteristics of the agency charged with implementing achieve identify areas of opportunity to propose strategies for improvement.RESUMENEl propósito de ésta investigación es analizar la participación de los diferentes actores sociales, derivada de la implementación de la Política Pública de Pueblos Mágicos, dirigida al desarrollo sustentable de Villa Tapijulapa. Esta investigación actualmente se encuentra en proceso, sin embargo se ha podido observar que han sido financiados proyectos de desarrollo, a través de diferentes instituciones gubernamentales que coadyuvan al Programa de Pueblos Mágicos, los cuales no han sido exitosos, además de existir, un mal uso del sistema de recursos naturales. Estas problemáticas se presentan por la complejidad de la cooperación, multiplicidad de participantes y perspectivas; así como las diversas actitudes y grados de compromiso de los diferentes actores sociales. Por lo que el análisis del capital social de la comunidad y de las características de la agencia encargada de la implementación lograrán detectar las áreas de oportunidad para proponer estrategias de mejora.

scholarly journals CREACIÓN Y DESTRUCCIÓN DE CAPITAL SOCIAL COMUNITARIO EN EL MOVIMIENTO DE TRABAJADORES DESOCUPADOS DE SOLANO-ARGENTINA

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio García
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fundamental Values ◽  
Efficient Mechanisms

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la construcción, sustentabilidad y usos del capital social comunitario en un movimiento social argentino que plantea la horizontalidad y la autonomía como valores fundamentales de organización social. A través del análisis de la dinámica de tres tipos de capital social —unión, puente, y nexo—, se observa que el movimiento en cuestión consigue crear rápidamente capital social comunitario y una identidad común diferenciadora. Sin embargo, el capital social rápidamente construido no logra sustentarse en el tiempo, debido a la incapacidad de sus integrantes en generar mecanismos descentralizados y eficientes de monitoreo mutuo, responsabilidad compartida y penalización moral que protejan el bien común y refuercen la identidad comunitaria a través de redes sociales densas.   ABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to analyze the construction, sustainability and uses of community social capital in a social movement in Argentina that identifies horizontality and autonomy as fundamental values of social organization. By analyzing the dynamics of three types of social capital —bonding, bridging and linking— we can observe that the movement studied here is able to rapidly create community social capital and  differentiating common identity. Nevertheless, the social capital rapidly constructed is not sustained over time, because the movement’s members are unable to generate decentralized, efficient mechanisms for mutual monitoring, shared responsibility and moral penalization that will protect the common good and strengthen community identity through dense social networks.

Macroeconomic Factors of Competitiveness of Serbian Economy and ICT Sector

2012 ◽  
pp. 714-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drago Cvijanovic ◽  
Ivan Milojevic ◽  
Radovan Pejanovic
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Information and communication technology is an initiating and driving force behind economic development. The contribution of the ICT sector is in production and export increase within the sector itself and of the competitiveness of the economy as a whole. Competitiveness is synonymous with productivity and can be enhanced by rational utilization and investment in resources, application of the latest knowledge, investment, by increase of operating efficiency, and implementation of modern technologies in production. Competitiveness implies development of infrastructure and telecommunications, and intensive Internet usage. According to the Global Competitiveness Index, Serbia is lowly ranked. Serbia has the greatest advantage in the area of elementary and higher education, technological readiness and innovativeness. The analysis of technological readiness and the level of innovativeness within the global competitiveness of Serbian economy in 2009, indicates a high level of competitiveness and potential to be developed. Technology transfer from the developed countries is the basis for long-term sustainable economic growth and development. The paper focuses on the analysis of competitiveness of Serbian economy, international economic environment and the determinants of competitiveness.

Cycle of Poverty in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Idowu Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Cycle ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty ◽  
Do So

Poverty is no longer fashionable even in the less developed countries of the world. The world has deemed poverty-ridden regions of the world as ‘anathema', forbidden, and ignoble. At the same time ways to get out of the menace are regularly strategised over a period of time. The developed countries of the world had been able to nip poverty to the bud significantly, but the developing countries still have a lot to do so as to overcome the menace. Poverty in the developing countries operates in a cycle of repetitions. This makes it difficult to curtail. How can poverty be reduced in the developing countries? This study reveals the reason while poverty has become a domestic phenomenon in developing countries and the way forward. The theory on poverty is evaluated alongside the present economic situation in Africa. The cycle of poverty, which includes the social cycle of poverty (SCP), political cycle of poverty (PCP), and the economic cycle of poverty (ECP), are examined. This study analyses the strategies to break the cycle of poverty in Africa and other developing countries.

The Degree of Home Bias in the Holding of Share Portfolio

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounira Chniguir ◽  
Asma Sghaier ◽  
Mohamed Soufeljil ◽  
Zouhayer Mighri
Keyword(s):  
Home Bias ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Intuitive Reasoning ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level

The objective of this paper is to measure the degree of Home Bias within the holdings of portfolio and to identify their determining factors. By following an intuitive reasoning, the authors have chosen a number of susceptible factors that have an impact on Home Bias. In fact, they have developed an international CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model). This model is estimated for 20 countries, with the use of cross-section econometrics. The authors' results show that all countries have recorded a high level of Home bias in their holdings of portfolio. In order to study whether the Home Bias of the newly emerging markets and that of the developed markets react differently to the determining factors or not the authors have evaluated the model so much jointly for all markets as separately for the developed and the newly emerging ones. In the case of classification of the sample, the results have permitted us to draw an important conclusion and to have cognizance that the volatility of the exchange rate is statistically significant concerning the newly emerging economies at a threshold of 1%, while it is hardly remarkable for the developed countries. This means that this variable prevents the American investors from investing in the former countries. Samely, for both variables of joint- variance and size.

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