scholarly journals Public Danger of Corruption Crimes in the Sphere of Housing and Communal Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
S. I. Kel'm
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Group ◽  
Natural Monopoly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Control ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Administrative Functions ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
High Level

Currently, housing and communal services as a specific form of socio-economic relations are most susceptible to criminal influence. The Author of the article examines corruption crimes in the field of housing and communal services (HCS) from the point of view of public danger. Corruption as a social and legal phenomenon continues to be a dangerous factor in the development of the housing and utilities sector. The article draws attention to the systemic nature of corruption crimes in the housing sector. It is noted that the majority of crimes in the housing and communal sector are stable corruption and are committed by officials, as well as by persons performing organizational, administrative and administrative functions at the enterprises of housing and communal services. The criminals have adapted to the new system of functioning of the housing and communal services and forms of control over its activities. They began to more often involve enterprise accountants, relatives and other close persons in their criminal schemes, thereby forming a stable criminal group in which all roles are carefully distributed and thought out. The Author analyzes judicial practice in corruption-related cases in the field of housing and communal services. The most typical ways of committing crimes in this area are shown. Attention is paid to violations related to the resettlement of citizens from hazardous housing. The issue of the organization of natural monopoly in our country, which reduce the effectiveness of the existing measures of state control and which directly affect the growth of corruption crimes, is investigated. Attention is focused on the deliberate obfuscation of the property rights of resource-supplying organizations and the withdrawal of income to offshore zones. The factors that contribute to the growth of corruption crimes in this industry are noted. On the basis of the study, the author concludes that the social danger of corruption crimes in the sphere of housing and communal services is conditioned by a high level of organization, selfish involvement of officials in the redistribution of funds in their favor, as well as the intricacy of schemes and methods of withdrawing funds from enterprises of housing and communal services.

Der Raum der Vorlesung: Vom Auditorium zum „multi media hub“

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-701
Author(s):  
Heiko Hausendorf ◽  
Kenan Hochuli ◽  
Johanna Jud ◽  
Alexandra Zoller
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
High Level

Abstract The present paper is concerned with the lecture hall as the natural home of lecturing. We will focus on constructed, designed and equipped space as a material and communicative manifestation of science which fundamentally contributes to the multimodal practice of lecturing. Taking an interactionist point of view, we start off with introducing our concept of architecture-for-interaction which aims at spatial built-in features as a resource for social interaction, namely for situational anchoring among those present. In a second step, we identify key architectural elements of the lecture hall as material sediments of communicative problems connected with the social practice of lecturing. In doing so, we will also give a high-level overview of the historical development of the lecture hall (and its precursors) since the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. Turning to current data from lecturing in times of the pandemic, we will then deal with so called „ghost lectures“ behind closed doors. This current development brings out a refiguration process due to which the lecture hall undergoes a change from the classical auditorium with copresent participants to a multi-media hub allowing for tele-present participants.

scholarly journals Adaptation And Resilience From A Maintenance Perspective For Swing Bridge. Lessons Learned In Recent Retrofitting Project Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 1202 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
Felipe Collazos-Arias ◽  
David García-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Structural Condition ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level ◽  
North Of Spain

Abstract This paper collects all the existing swing bridges around the world to emphasize the high-level technology performed in the earliest 20th century and analyzes the recent experience in the rehabilitation and retrofitting of a singular swing steel bridge. The bridge over the Asón estuary at Treto, in the North of Spain, showed significant problems and the structural condition level was critical previously to its intervention in 2015. The rehabilitation project including the restoration of the structural and functional safety level of the structure was deled after material studies and tests were performed. The new updated of the structure from the old nineteenth centuries to the new standard codes was also performed. A part from the historical value of the bridges and the "green" and safe-security aspects, the intervention took into account all the social requirements of the population in the area who recovered the pride in this emblematic and centenarian infrastructure and it is, itself, a successful intervention from the resilient point of view.

scholarly journals COMPATIBILITY PROBLEM OF BASIC PUBLIC VALUES WITH ECONOMIC POLICY GOALS AND DECISIONS FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
REVAZ GVELESIANI
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Partial List ◽  
High Level

Economic policy related decisions are very complex in their logical structure because of the multilateral interdependence of the Social-economic events. Every decision includes some kind of vagueness. It is either clear or vague whether economic-political situation and results of discussed actions are analyzed well. The logical structure of decisions is the objective of the theory of the decision making. This theory helps to assess and overcome the problems in economic policy related decision making. Economic policy is oriented on achieving the predefined goals. These goals are determined by economic situation and many normative attitudes (basic values). There is an agreement on one part of the goals among the majority of developed countries. The laws and resolutions issued by different governments often include economic indicators, including: significant economic growth, high level of employment, appreciating the currency as an indicator of stability of prices, foreign economic relations, foreign economic equilibrium or fair distribution of the income and the property. This is the partial list of the goals, but it is enough to demonstrate that goals are the only means (instruments) for realizing all-inclusive norms of basic public values.

scholarly journals Sweden, South Africa and the business of partnership in the 1990s

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65
Author(s):  
Nikolas Glover
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Era ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
High Level ◽  
Political Solidarity ◽  
Pedagogical Function

This article examines the background and ambitions of the large-scale Swedish-South Africa Partnership Week that was rolled out across South Africa in November 1999. The Swedish delegation was spearheaded by Prime Minister Göran Persson and consisted of 800 Swedes; high-level ministers, diplomats, civil society representatives and business leaders. The analysis places particular emphasis on the involvement of Swedish multinationals and the central role played by the public relations agency Rikta Kommunikation. Its focus lies on the broader pedagogical function that the Week was intended to have, primarily from a Swedish point of view. I argue that the stated aim to forge an economic partnership between Sweden and South Africa as the logical extension of decades of historical political solidarity was a means of ensuring that citizens learned to understand the pressures and demands of the new era of globalisation. The foreseeable end of Swedish aid to South Africa was to be the dawn of self-sustaining economic relations; “business interests” – for so long derided by the anti-apartheid activists – were henceforth to lead the way. In light of this, I conclude by arguing that the official launch and marketing of a bilateral partnership in 1999 can be seen as part of a government-funded effort to adapt Swedish internationalism to a new era.

scholarly journals THE OPERATION OF COMPANIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Галина Крохичева ◽  
Galina Krohicheva ◽  
Елена Сидоренко ◽  
Elena Sidorenko ◽  
Татьяна Побиванец ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
State Control ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation

The digital economy in the Russian Federation as an independent structure began to form and develop not so long ago, but it is aimed at all spheres of society. The state places great emphasis on the development of this form of economic relations. The Industry 4.0 project shows us the scale of the digital economy in Russia. We can say that this is a full-fledged transition of the functioning of society’s life to the technological sphere. The purpose of digitalization is to automate all spheres of society, improve the social life of the population, simplify state control over the circulation of funds in the country, and more. Therefore, with the development of digitalization, it is important to identify the characteristics of enterprises in the aspects of electronic commerce.

scholarly journals When is enough, enough? And what should the criminologist say?

Temida ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Nils Christie
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Penal System ◽  
State Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Critical Overview

In this paper, the author is trying to find the answers to questions when is enough, enough, and what is the role of the criminologists in the process of establishing the balance between the crime control carried out by the state and the civil society and its basic values. Each state can be evaluated by its penal system that reflects the crucial centers of the state control and power, conveying at the same time information about the way we are not supposed to go. Namely, the penalty, which means the infliction of pain against the accused, presents the negation of the basic ethical, moral human, civilized principles. In that way, the penalty becomes a dangerous for the society, as well as the serious obstacle for ideals of the social cohesion and assimilation. He is showing that on the examples of penal systems in several countries, such as Finland, Russia, Byelorussia and Norway, giving a critical overview of the penal system of the USA. The USA penal system is a good example of breaking off the links with the basic societal values, representing at the same time crime against people in the USA, as well as in other (European) countries due to the strong influence which the States have in this domain because of their economy power on the global plan. Bearing that in mind, the author is concluding that the criminologists should begin the analysis from another point of view: not from the offender and the criminal offence, but from the existing penal system in order to find out what kind of pain and what way of its causing would be acceptable in the certain historical, societal, and cultural context; in other words how big the penal system should be, without endangering the basic values at the same time.

scholarly journals TAX ON FREE TIME

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Justyna Konsek-Ciechońska
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Economic Tools

Tax constitutes one of economic tools of the policy of the state that makes it possible to affect the form of socio-economic relations between the state and the taxpayers. According to many scientists, proper functioning of the entire state and its institutions depends on effective collection of incomes, vast majority of which, approx. 80-90% is constituted by tax incomes48. Demand of the state for financial resources, especially within last decades has been constantly growing. Meanwhile, 100 years ago, J. Schumpeter already stated that high level of fiscalism adversely affects the growth of economy, and exceeding the boundaries of fiscal capabilities of the state may lead to a deep crisis49.However, from the point of view of achieving the fiscal and non-fiscal goals efficiently, the most important issue of the tax policy should be to burden the citizens with public tributes in an even and moderate manner. There is no doubt that it is difficult to determine the most optimal form of tax system, both in fiscal and non-fiscal aspect. It is not an easy task to balance, in the tax system, the goal of efficiency and justice of taxation, in simultaneous consideration of its social and economic size. Each system that would efficiently and rationally affect the economy and society of particular state must be based on particular principles in order to properly fulfill its functions, including social functions.Free time constitutes specific goods, as on one hand it is a substitute with respect to other goods when the individual makes a decision related to dividing the budget between free time and work. More free time is less time dedicated to work, which leads to less income and consumption. On the other side, when the decision related to structure of free time and work is made, free time becomes complementary with respect to goods that are consumed, since it is difficult to consume anything without free time. What would happen if the state imposed lump sum, income and consumption tax on free time as well?The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of taxation of free time and to present the manner in which lump sum, income and consumption tax affect the social welfare. The research method that was used in the paper is literature studies and sources of the tax law in force.

scholarly journals Social and economic analysis of the interaction between priesthood and royalty in Ptolemaic Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (26) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Nataliya S. Basalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church

The article analyzes social and economic relations between the priesthood and the Ptolemaic kings. The author examines the peculiarities of this issue coverage in Russian and foreign scientific literature, concluding that the problem was viewed more from a materialistic, religious, or artistic perspective, but not from the point of view of socio-economic analysis. The author considers the well-known fact of the Ptolemies' tolerance to the existence of the priesthood caste and their specific status in Egyptian society and studies the specificity of economic relations between power and the priesthood. The author makes a conclusion about the existence of a complex financial scheme which was beneficial both for the Ptolemies and the priesthood, as it was aimed at increasing the amount of temple lands: on the one hand, the policy raised the prosperity and the social status of priests, but, on the other hand, it led to the increase of lands which belonged to the Ptolemies by right of supreme rulers. However, basing on documents, the author states that under the Ptolemies private property of the priests became symbolic and was subjected to forced sale in case the priests had any debts to the royal treasury. The author emphasizes the fact that under the Ptolemies the priesthood became legal holders of the temple posts, while under the pharaohs priests’ positions were hereditary. Thus, royal power could influence social policy of the church, while the pharaohs were not allowed to interfere in it. The author concludes that the introduction of the sale of temple posts affected not only the material position of the priests, but also their status, as it influenced the requirements set for the candidates to priests. The author also examines the methods of economic pressure on the part of the Ptolemies (asilia, apomoira), which led to both economic subjection of temples to royal power and to the loss of the priests' right of autonomy in financial matters.

scholarly journals THE NEED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF A TIGHT MONETARY POLICY AS A CONDITION FOR ACHIEVING LONG-TERM ECONOMIC GOALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-454
Author(s):  
V.G. Kostenkova
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Classical Liberalism ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
High Level

The article discusses the causes and consequences of inflation. In countries with a high level of development, prices remain stable at zero rates of economic growth. The rate of inflation in the economy of modern Russia remains quite high. Only in the last two or three years, their value has decreased to 5-5.5 % per year. It is well known that stable prices create conditions for the growth of investment and, ultimately, for sustainable economic development. High inflation rates negatively affect the amount of consumption, the dynamics of production volumes, investments, which extremely negatively affect the development of the national economy. There are many interpretations of the causes and consequences of inflation. It is quite interesting to consider the inflation of the well-known Austrian economist, a supporter of classical liberalism L. von Mises. He is a consistent proponent of a tight monetary policy and gold standard. He argues that the state regularly tries to use monetary policy to achieve its own political and economic goals, which often do not correspond to the goals of its citizens. Therefore, inflation from the point of view of citizens of society is a direct violation of the social contract. The situation of inflation can be defined as a “betrayal of public trust.” Inflation as a form of economic policy cannot be recognized as effective, since the state can not expect to achieve any long-term socio-economic goals. Tight monetary policy makes it more likely to expect to obtain necessary results.

Peers of independence: delinquent behavior of minors (1990s — early 2000s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
LIUDMYLA KALASHNIKOVA ◽  
ALLA LOBANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Juvenile Criminality ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Real Scale ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article attempts to analyze the social phenomenon of juvenile crime as a structural component of adult crime from the point of view in terms of identifying its causes and consequences, as well as the possibility of finding ways to prevent it, not only among the current adolescent generation and youth, but also among future generations. It is noted that the teenage cohort of the generation of peers of independence, which was formed in 2001–2009 — these are Ukrainians born in the 1990s, whose socialization took place during the period of anomie of Ukrainian society, and, consequently, their consciousness was formed under the influence of values and pseudo-values that were contradictory in their content. It is concluded that the social nature of juvenile criminality is due to historical variability, as well as a system of causes and factors that determine its appearance. Taking into account the statistical distributions of the total number and types of crimes committed by minors or with their participation, it has been proved that they, to a certain extent, reflect the laws of the development of society, since they are determined by the state and changes in material, social and spiritual conditions of life. It was also determined that juvenile crime is characterized by a high degree of latency due to the peculiarities of the legal and physical status of minors, the "regulation" of statistical indicators in investigative and judicial practice, and the real scale of the spread of juvenile criminality is several times higher than its registered component.

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