scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF UNCERTAINTY WHILE SELECTING THE OPERATIONAL STRATEGY BY THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN ROMANIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
RUSU Vasilica
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Operational Strategy ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

In conditions of uncertainty, an enterprise should have a rational basis for making decisions, which would enable the comparison of different alternatives and the choice of the most suitable action for achieving its objectives. Some researchers consider that uncertainty is generated either by insufficient knowledge about the nature of phenomena and processes or by the lack of information about these phenomena and processes. The author considers that these interpretations need to be completed by clarifying the motives which cause uncertainty. The following types of environment can be distinguished which could be considered as sources of uncertainty: socio-economic; scientific and technical; political and juridical; the sales partners’ environment; the environment of the seller; the competitors’ environment; the consumers’ environment; the investments environment. The aim of the present paper is to determine the degree of influence (markedness) of each type of uncertainty upon the decisions made while selecting the operational strategy by the industrial enterprise. The research has been carried out at 29 enterprises from different industrial fields from Romania: metallurgical industry, production of basic pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical preparations, construction materials industry, food-processing industry, manufacture of chemical substances and products. The management teams of those companies have taken part in the survey. The research is based on the data processing and analysis obtained from 256 questionnaires. The survey carried out within the industrial enterprises has shown that the uncertainty from the consumption environment has the biggest impact upon the operational decisions of the companies. The uncertainty from the internal, political, juridical, scientific and technical environment is being analyzed to a lesser extent. The lowest domain of uncertainty is characteristic for the chemical industry and the highest for the industry of manufacture of basic pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical preparations.

scholarly journals HALOTHANE (2-BROMO-1,1,1-TRIFLUORO-2-CHLOROETHANE) AS AN EXAMPLE IN THE DISCIPLINE “FORENSIC CHEMISTRY” FOR UKRAINIAN STUDENTS OF PHARMACY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1207-1210
Author(s):  
Elena Welchinska
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Forensic Chemistry ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

The quantity of pharmaceutical preparations, which are used in medicine and different areas of the economy increased because of the development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. These substances can caise poisonings in certain situations. The sources of poisonings are: sewage of industrial enterprises; pesticides (chemical poisons) for fighting agricultural pests; soil; vegetables and fruits;  chemical substances for fights against rodents and insects. The use of chemical substances in the economy increases the quantity of poisons as objects of forensic toxicological analysis. “Forensic chemistry” — is a science which studies methods for the isolation, purification, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of toxic and poisonous substances and their metabolites in objects of various origins:  animal and plant biological materials, industrial waste, emissions of waste water, the air of industrial enterprises, soil and agricultural crops, etc. The aim of this work is to study the importance of chemicals, namely fluorine-containing organic compounds, which are strong toxic substances, during the study of "Forensic Chemistry" throughout the academic period at the Pharmaceutical Faculty in Ukraine.

Insufficient Knowledge in Kunduz: The Precautionary Principle and International Humanitarian Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-79
Author(s):  
Emma J Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Operational Application ◽  
Federal Court Of Justice ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Abstract The targeting protocols applied by forces during armed conflict are some of the most secretive documents held by any military. However, their role in applying principles of international humanitarian law (IHL) means that they are key to understanding their development. This piece is primarily concerned with practical and operational application of the precautionary principle under IHL; how much knowledge is sufficient to carry out an attack lawfully during modern armed conflict. In order to establish if a standard has developed with the increase in intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance technology, this piece uses the framework of an investigation into an incident in Kunduz, Afghanistan in 2009. I explore the difficulties of obtaining information post-incident, the differential standards expected by North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Bundesgerichtshof (German Federal Court of Justice), and the manner in which these can be evaluated through the principles of proportionality, distinction and precautions in attack. The piece looks at the interrelated issues raised by the Rules of Engagement and Tactical Directives, as well as the problems surrounding the clarity of intelligence available. I argue that this case is demonstrative of the failings inherent in the application and practical use of the precautionary principle outlined by IHL. The lack of transparency afforded in, and after, incidents of this nature prevents objective analysis and so the development of IHL can be obfuscated. I conclude that the lack of information following incidents of this kind confuses any intelligence standard that exists under IHL.

scholarly journals Management of innovation processes at the enterprises of the construction materials industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 01099
Author(s):  
Nikolay Voytolovskiy ◽  
Ekaterina Maslyukova ◽  
Margarita Aleksandrova ◽  
Varvara Dikareva ◽  
Alexander Fadeev
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Management Of Innovation ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Innovation Processes

The purpose of this paper is the development of a methodical approach to management of the parameters of the life cycle of innovations. This approach ensures the increase of the efficiency of economic activity by intensifying the processes of innovative development of industrial enterprises. As a result of the research, the features of the processes for implementing the life cycle of innovations were determined; the system of criteria for assessing the efficiency of management of the parameters of the life cycle of innovations was developed; a management model for the parameters of the life cycle of innovations was formed; and a management mechanism for the life cycle of innovations in a saturated market was developed.

The Analysis Of E-Commerce Logistics Efficiency Of The Ukrainian Construction Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Kravchenko ◽  
Hanna Manoryk ◽  
Natalia Sytnik
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Sales Channel ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Construction Enterprises ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Final Consumer

An important component of successful economic activity of industrial enterprises is the optimal sales model combined with e-commerce opportunities. The article analyzed two construction materials manufacturing enterprises categories: those using exclusively a sales network for the promotion of their products, and those developing a direct sales system to the final consumer via electronic commerce. These are basically two different logistical approaches to the process of selling their own products. The efficiency of using e-commerce logistics means is determined by the correlation of sales expenses index with an indicator of enterprises' net income. It was proved sales expenses' indicator affects the dynamics of the net income indicator positively only for the enterprises using e-commerce logistics as a means of setting up a direct sales channel for their products. The article provides recommendations for creating an optimal logistics e-commerce system for construction materials manufacturing enterprises.

scholarly journals Innovations in the Forest Products Industry: The Malaysian Experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jegatheswaran RATNASINGAM ◽  
Lim Tau WAI ◽  
Ganesh THANASEGARAN ◽  
Florin IORAS ◽  
Cristina VACALIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Government ◽  
Market Needs

The forest products industry is an important socioeconomic sector to many developing countries, both in terms of foreign exchange earnings and employment. In the case of Malaysia, the industry has been one of the fastest growing manufacturing sectors in the country, driven primarily by comparative advantages derived from factor inputs. However, with increasing competition from other cheaper producing nations particularly China and Vietnam, the Malaysian forest products industry is forced to transform and move along the value-chain through innovation and value-addition. Although the government has played a pivotal role in providing a broad policy framework to support value-adding and innovative activities, success on the ground has been limited. The creativity environment, which is plagued with by low-wage economy, coupled with limited network between research, market and industrial enterprises have stifled innovation within the industry. The lack of information and the poor quality human capital has also contributed to the limited innovation within the forest products industry in the country. Against this background, most innovation within the industry is confined to the realms of alternative raw materials, with minimal technological and design variations. Although extensive research and development activities are undertaken, the commercialization potential of the research outputs is limited due to being not market-driven. Inevitably, innovation in the forest products sector must be based on market-needs and must be driven through technological and design change in order to ensure long-term competitiveness.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC APPROACHES TO FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (18(46)) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Lanyo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Construction Enterprises ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Introduction. On the one hand, the financial development of industrial enterprises is conditioned by a number of traditional measures, which include: reduction of production costs; improving the quality of products; expanding the product line and increasing the level of service in order to maximize compliance with consumer demand. However, on the other hand, due to the specifics of the construction sector, the issue of financial development of such enterprises requires a comprehensive approach, not limited to the field of internal management, but also to consider this issue from the standpoint of institutional and organizational and economic impact. The purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the quantitative features of the financial development of enterprises in the construction industry and a description of promising organizational and economic measures of influence. Results. The article substantiates the features of the study of activities in the field of construction according to the project approach. The peculiarities of the institutional structure of the investment and construction complex of the economy are specified. Based on the theory of stakeholders, a comprehensive system of criteria for financial development of construction companies in terms of stakeholder groups has been formed. Conclusions. The organizational measures to ensure stable financial development of domestic construction companies have been identified. These include: implementation of integration processes with suppliers of raw materials; use of innovative knowledge-intensive technologies of construction and production of construction materials; creation of joint ventures with foreign companies. For each of the organizational measures, a list of probable risks and threats is identified, as well as the tools for their management are substantiated.

scholarly journals Determination of economic efficiency of using biogas in the conditions of industrial enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Kovalenko Viktor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Power Equipment ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Heating Furnaces

To determine the efficiency of biogas use in the existing industrial enterprises of the metallurgical industry of Ukraine and Zaporizhia region, in particular, the basic economic indicators of conversion of standard furnace equipment to biogas mixtures from various derivatives and sources available in the region are calculated. The technical feasibility and economic feasibility of using biogas mixtures as an alternative fuel for energy supply of thermal and heating furnaces of industrial enterprises on the example of a real object are determined. It is shown that to use low-calorie fuel in power equipment, taking into account its quality indicators, it is expedient both separately and in combination with traditional energy sources. It is revealed that the economic indicators of projects for the introduction of biogas technologies at metallurgical enterprises differ depending on many initial conditions, such as: sources of origin and chemical composition of biogas; characteristics of power equipment that is converted to such fuel; the proportion of natural gas substitution in the fuel mixture; etc. Based on the trend of constant growth in the cost of traditional energy resources, the introduction and use of their alternative and renewable counterparts in energy-intensive metallurgical enterprises is relevant and, with the right approach, cost-effective Keywords: energy efficiency, biogas technologies, biogas, natural gas, purification, enrichment, industrial furnaces, economic feasibility

scholarly journals Industry 4.0—Awareness in South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leos Safar ◽  
Jakub Sopko ◽  
Darya Dancakova ◽  
Manuel Woschank
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
South India ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) approaches, frameworks, and technologies have gained an increasing relevance in order to gain sustainable and competitive advantages for industrial enterprises and for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as well. Contrary to previous studies, which are mainly focused on companies, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey on inhabitants, in an attempt to examine general awareness about I4.0 concepts, in the region of South India. Our findings revealed a rather poor informational level of I4.0 concept and its components, which consequently leads to inadequate future actions and expectations. Moreover, respondents with prior information about I4.0 framework tend to have rather positive opinions and expectations of possible future trends. We emphasize that insufficient knowledge of the potential workforce regarding I4.0 concepts, especially in a region with ascending demographic development, can be considered as one of the main barriers for a successful and sustainable future development towards the 4th industrial revolution.

Study of the influence of the UV radiation and temperature on the degradation of pharmaceutical formulations containing aspirin using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Justyna Łoch ◽  
Anna Michońska ◽  
Rafał Kurczab
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
The Impact

The UV radiation and temperature are well-known external factors, which adversely affect the chemical stability of food, pharmaceuticals and various construction materials. In particular, the exposure to UV radiation may cause degradation of chemical substances and thus lead to reduced strength, the content of active substance or also to the formation of harmful substances for health. In the present study, the effect of exposure to UV radiation and increased temperature of six pharmaceutical products containing aspirin were investigated. To measure the changes occurring during exposure, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with chemometrics methods, i.e. principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used. An additional examined factor was the impact of tablet coating and exposure time on the degree of change in the chemical composition of the pharmaceutical products. The results showed that both the temperature and UV radiation influenced significantly the composition of pharmaceutical formulations, which vary considerably depending on the exposure time and the presence of covering layer of the drug. More substantial changes in the composition of the tablets were observed for longer exposure to the degrading factors and lack of covering. The methodology can be successfully used as a quick quality control of stored pharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals ANALISIS REWORK PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG DI KABUPATEN BADUNG

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Sutrisna ◽  
I N. Arya Thanaya ◽  
I Gst Ketut Sudipta
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Operator Experience ◽  
Management Consultants ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Systematic Planning ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Flow Of Information

Rework is unavoidable from the world of construction, Rework can be a devastating effect on the performance and productivity of both the consultant and the contractor. This study aims to determine the main factors causing rework, efforts to reduce rework. The analysis used the analysis Multivariant factor analysis with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for Windows version 17.0. From the results obtained by factor analysis the main factors causing the occurrence of rework are: aspects of the owner (poor communication, poor coordination, poor information flow), aspects of planning consultants (lack of information in the field, lack of communication, the situation in the picture on the ground is not suitable). aspects of construction management consultants (lack of information in the field, lack of communication, lack of control), aspects of mechanical electrical plumbing contractors (Materials misdirected, MEP staff inexperience, lack of knowledge about the character of the material, the amount of overtime), aspects of the contractor (lack of competence foreman, foreman lack of experience, lack of experience, the quality of labor is bad, the error in interpreting the specification), aspects of operator (poor flow of information, lack of communication, lack of coordination, lack of operator experience). Efforts to systematically reduce rework most effective according to the respondent's answer is: Systematic planning, detailing and describing the project at every stage of the steps to be taken to achieve quality objectives, set standards of communication, coordination and construction project sinkronasi work with all parties involved in the implementation of the project, Constructing specification limits and criteria and quality standards to be used in engineering design, procurement and construction materials.

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