Study of the influence of the UV radiation and temperature on the degradation of pharmaceutical formulations containing aspirin using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Justyna Łoch ◽  
Anna Michońska ◽  
Rafał Kurczab
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
The Impact

The UV radiation and temperature are well-known external factors, which adversely affect the chemical stability of food, pharmaceuticals and various construction materials. In particular, the exposure to UV radiation may cause degradation of chemical substances and thus lead to reduced strength, the content of active substance or also to the formation of harmful substances for health. In the present study, the effect of exposure to UV radiation and increased temperature of six pharmaceutical products containing aspirin were investigated. To measure the changes occurring during exposure, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with chemometrics methods, i.e. principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used. An additional examined factor was the impact of tablet coating and exposure time on the degree of change in the chemical composition of the pharmaceutical products. The results showed that both the temperature and UV radiation influenced significantly the composition of pharmaceutical formulations, which vary considerably depending on the exposure time and the presence of covering layer of the drug. More substantial changes in the composition of the tablets were observed for longer exposure to the degrading factors and lack of covering. The methodology can be successfully used as a quick quality control of stored pharmaceutical products.

Remote communication in Scrum teams – a COVID-19 preventive measure or work time optimisation?

e-mentor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Kamil Brodnicki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Research Material ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the impact of remote work, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, on the functioning of Scrum teams. Attempts have been made to analyse the positive and negative aspects of remote work. The article also looks at the impact of remote work on the level of communication and efficiency of Scrum teams. For this purpose, the author conducted research on a sample of 40 organisations that declared to use Scrum methodology, using 187 questionnaires as the research material. The study was carried out at the turn of April and May 2021 and was carried out using the CAWI technique. The obtained results were analysed using the Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis methods, and enable defining a picture of an organisation’s readiness to work remotely. In addition, they also allowed for an assessment of how the infrastructure used for remote work communication translates into the organisation of Sprint meetings. This paper presents conclusions aimed at counteracting the observed irregularities detected during the tests. At the end, the author proposes solutions that could improve communication within Scrum teams, with remote work in mind.

scholarly journals Emerging and inter/trans-disciplinary research areas related to Chemistry

Bionatura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1021-1022
Author(s):  
Hortensia M. Rodríguez Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Textile Design ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Impact

Undoubtedly, Chemistry is a central science because it serves as a support and contributes to the development of many other disciplines, such as biology, geology, physics, paleontology, etc. Just by observing the environment that surrounds us, we can conclude that the world is composed of an infinite number of inert or living components, and all of them are composed of chemical substances of a broad range of complexity. On the other hand, Chemistry has a direct relationship with the economic development of a country, due to most industries are based on chemical processes or materials. The impact of chemistry in different activities is high, in construction, ceramics, and steel, in the food, Energy or Petrochemical industry, in textile design, in Cosmetics and fragrances, in Agrochemicals and fertilizers, Pharmaceutical products, Water treatment, in Companies specialized in Environmental Chemistry, Manufacture of plastics and rubbers, quality and safety processes, in the mining industry, and so forth.

scholarly journals Morphological Similarity Analysis of Elite Rice Varieties Released in 1980–2011

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Trias Sitaresmi ◽  
Nani Yunani ◽  
Nafisah Nafisah ◽  
Satoto Satoto ◽  
Aan A. Daradjat
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Impact

<p>High acceptance of farmer to variety with have similar to IR64 type has led to almost all new varieties always be assessed based on their degree of similarity with IR64. Closely relations between elite upland varieties may contribute to the stagnation of yield potential and also give the impact un-durable of the resistance to pest and diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate the morphology similarity kinship characters of elite rice varieties which were released from 1980 to 2011. The study was conducted in September–January 2012 in Indonesian Center for Rice Research field experiment. The material consisted of 46 rice varieties representing the released varieties from 1980–2011. The material was grown in 2 m × 5 m of plot size with 3 replications. Observations were conducted on qualitative and quantitative characters based on UPOV descriptors. Data were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Principal component analysis revealed 40 components with 79,86% of cumulative variation that was used to determine the genetic relationship by cluster analysis. Based on the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, irrigated rice varieties released before and in 2000 and after 2008 (Inpari group) tend to be one big group and have a high phenotypic similarity. While the upland rice varieties tend to spread or were grouped in small groups. This high similarity suggested that the irrigated rice varieties have a close genetic relationship, which is derived from Ciherang or IR64.</p>

The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sabri Embi ◽  
Zurina Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

The Utilization of Ftir (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) Method Combined with Chemometrics For Authentication of Indonesian Coffee Powder

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firmansyah A. ◽  
Winingsih W. ◽  
Soebara Y S
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Analysis of natural product remain challenging issues for analytical chemist, since natural products are complicated system of mixture. The most popular methods of choice used for quality control of raw material and finished product are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The utilization of FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance) method in natural product analysis is still limited. This study attempts to expand the use of FTIR spectroscopy in authenticating Indonesian coffee powder.The coffee samples studied were taken from nine regions in Indonesia, namely Aceh Gayo, Flores, Kintamani, Mandheling, Papua, Sidikalang, Toraja, Kerinci and Lampung.The samples in the form of coffee bean from various regions were powdered . The next step conducted was to determine the spectrum using the FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) using ZnSe crystal of 8000 resolution. Spectrum samples, then, were analyzed using chemometrics. The utilized chemometric model was the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Based on the chemometric analysis, there are similarities between Aceh Gayo coffee with Toraja coffee, Mandailing coffee, Kintamani coffee and Flores coffee. Sidikalang coffee has a similarity to Flores coffee; Papua coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee; Lampung coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee, while Kerinci coffee has a similarity to Papua coffee.

Pharmaceutical Polymers - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Sonia Pahuja ◽  
Ranjit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Humans have taken advantage of the adaptability of polymers for centuries in the form of resins, gums tars, and oils. However, it was not until the industrial revolution that the modern polymer industry began to develop. Polymers represent an important constituent of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Polymers have played vital roles in the formulation of pharmaceutical products. Polymers have been used as a major tool to manage the drug release rate from the formulations. Synthetic and natural-based polymers have found their way into the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Synthetic and Natural polymers can be produced with a broad range of strength, heat resistance, density, stiffness and even price. By constant research into the science and applications of polymers, they are playing an ever-increasing role in society. Diverse applications of polymers in the present pharmaceutical field are for controlled drug release. Based on solubility pharmaceutical polymers can be classified as water-soluble and water-insoluble. In general, the desirable polymer properties in pharmaceutical applications are film forming, adhesion, gelling, thickening, pH-dependent solubility and taste masking. General pharmaceutical applications of polymers in various pharmaceutical formulations are also discussed

The Impact of Bioconjugation on the Interfacial Activity of a Protein Biosurfactant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam H Tayeb ◽  
Marina Stienecker ◽  
Anton Middelberg ◽  
Frank Sainsbury
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Interfacial Activity ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
The Impact

Biosurfactants, are surface active molecules that can be produced by renewable, industrially scalable biologic processes. DAMP4, a designer biosurfactant, enables the modification of interfaces via genetic or chemical fusion to functional moieties. However, bioconjugation of addressable amines introduces heterogeneity that limits the precision of functionalization as well as the resolution of interfacial characterization. Here we designed DAMP4 variants with cysteine point mutations to allow for site-specific bioconjugation. The DAMP4 variants were shown to retain the structural stability and interfacial activity characteristic of the parent molecule, while permitting efficient and specific conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEGylation results in a considerable reduction on the interfacial activity of both single and double mutants. Comparison of conjugates with one or two conjugation sites shows that both the number of conjugates as well as the mass of conjugated material impacts the interfacial activity of DAMP4. As a result, the ability of DAMP4 variants with multiple PEG conjugates to impart colloidal stability on peptide-stabilized emulsions is reduced. We suggest that this is due to constraints on the structure of amphiphilic helices at the interface. Specific and efficient bioconjugation permits the exploration and investigation of the interfacial properties of designer protein biosurfactants with molecular precision. Our findings should therefore inform the design and modification of biosurfactants for their increasing use in industrial processes, and nutritional and pharmaceutical formulations.

The Influence of TRIPS Compliant Patent Laws on Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Rastogi ◽  
Virendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Uruguay Round ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Patent Laws ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

The first legislation in India relating to patents was the Act VI of 1856. The Indian Patents and Design Act, 1911 (Act II of 1911) replaced all the previous Acts. The Act brought patent administration under the management of Controller of Patents for the first time. After Independence, it was felt that the Indian Patents & Designs Act, 1911 was not fulfilling its objective. Various comities were constituted to recommend, framing a patent law which can fulfill the requirement of Indian Industry and people. The Indian Patent Act of 1970 was enacted to achieve the above objectives. The major provisions of the act, provided for process, not the product patents in food, medicines, chemicals with a term of 14 years and 5-7 for chemicals and drugs. The Act enabled Indian citizens to access cheapest medicines in the world and paved a way for exponential growth of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry. TRIPS agreement, which is one of the important results of the Uruguay Round, mandated strong patent protection, especially for pharmaceutical products, thereby allowing the patenting of NCEs, compounds and processes. India is thereby required to meet the minimum standards under the TRIPS Agreement in relation to patents and the pharmaceutical industry. India’s patent legislation must now include provisions for availability of patents for both pharmaceutical products and processes inventions. The present paper examines the impact of change in Indian Patent law on Pharmaceutical Industry.

scholarly journals Review: Impacts of shade on cattle well-being in the beef supply chain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily N Edwards-Callaway ◽  
M Caitlin Cramer ◽  
Caitlin N Cadaret ◽  
Elizabeth J Bigler ◽  
Terry E Engle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Shade is a mechanism to reduce heat load providing cattle with an environment supportive of their welfare needs. Although heat stress has been extensively reviewed, researched, and addressed in dairy production systems, it has not been investigated in the same manner in the beef cattle supply chain. Like all animals, beef cattle are susceptible to heat stress if they are unable to dissipate heat during times of elevated ambient temperatures. There are many factors that impact heat stress susceptibility in beef cattle throughout the different supply chain sectors, many of which relate to the production system, i.e. availability of shade, microclimate of environment, and nutrition management. The results from studies evaluating the effects of shade on production and welfare are difficult to compare due to variation in structural design, construction materials used, height, shape, and area of shade provided. Additionally, depending on operation location, shade may or may not be beneficial during all times of the year, which can influence the decision to make shade a permanent part of management systems. Shade has been shown to lessen the physiologic response of cattle to heat stress. Shaded cattle exhibit lower respiration rates, body temperatures, and panting scores compared to un-shaded cattle in weather that increases the risk of heat stress. Results from studies investigating the provision of shade indicate that cattle seek shade in hot weather. The impact of shade on behavioral patterns is inconsistent in the current body of research, some studies indicating shade provision impacts behavior and other studies reporting no difference between shaded and un-shaded groups. Analysis of performance and carcass characteristics across feedlot studies demonstrated that shaded cattle had increased ADG, improved feed efficiency, HCW, and dressing percentage when compared to cattle without shade. Despite the documented benefits of shade, current industry statistics, although severely limited in scope, indicate low shade implementation rates in feedlots and data in other supply chain sectors do not exist. Industry guidelines and third party on-farm certification programs articulate the critical need for protection from extreme weather but are not consistent in providing specific recommendations and requirements. Future efforts should include: updated economic analyses of cost versus benefit of shade implementation, exploration of producer perspectives and needs relative to shade, consideration of shade impacts in the cow-calf and slaughter plant segments of the supply chain, and integration of indicators of affective (mental) state and preference in research studies to enhance the holistic assessment of cattle welfare.

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