scholarly journals Altered Perception of Distorted Visual Feedback Occurs Soon After Whiplash Injury: An Experimental Study of Central Nervous System Processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 5;15 (5;9) ◽  
pp. 405-413
Author(s):  
Jo Nijs
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Whiplash Injury ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Sensory and motor system dysfunctions have been documented in a proportion of patients with acute whiplash associated disorders (WAD). Sensorimotor incongruence may occur and hence, may explain pain and other sensations in the acute stage after the trauma. Objectives: The present study aimed at 1) evaluating whether a visually mediated incongruence between sensory feedback and motor output increases symptoms and triggers additional sensations in patients with acute WAD, 2) investigating whether the pattern of sensations in response to sensorimotor incongruence differs among patients suffering from acute and chronic WAD, and healthy controls. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Patients with acute WAD were recruited within one month after whiplash injury via the emergency department of a local Red Cross medical care unit, the Antwerp University Hospital, and through primary care practices. Patients with chronic WAD were recruited through an advertisement on the World Wide Web and from the medical database of a local Red Cross medical care unit. Healthy controls were recruited from among the university college staff, family members, and acquaintances of the researchers. Methods: Thirty patients with acute WAD, 35 patients with chronic WAD, and 31 healthy persons were subjected to a coordination test. They performed congruent and incongruent arm movements while viewing a whiteboard or mirror. Results. Twenty-eight patients with acute WAD reported sensations such as pain, tightness, feeling of peculiarity, and tiredness at some stage of the test protocol. No significant differences in frequencies and intensities of sensations were found between the various test stages (P > .05). Significantly more sensations were reported during the incongruent mirror stage compared to the incongruent control stage (P < .05). The pattern in intensity of sensations across the congruent and incongruent stages was significantly different between the WAD groups and the control group. Limitations: The course and prognostic value of susceptibility to sensorimotor incongruence after an acute whiplash trauma are not yet clear from these results. A prospective longitudinal study with an expanded study population is needed to investigate if those with a lowered threshold to visually mediated sensorimotor incongruence in the acute stage are at risk to develop persistent pain and disability. Conclusion: Patients with acute WAD present an exacerbation of symptoms and additional sensations in response to visually mediated changes during action. These results indicate an altered perception of distorted visual feedback and suggest altered central sensorimotor nervous system processing in patients with acute WAD. Key words: Sensorimotor incongruence, visually mediated changes, whiplash, sensations, acute pain, chronic pain, altered central sensorimotor processing, central nervous system.

scholarly journals Elevated Neurofilament Light Chain in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Reflect Inflammatory MRI Activity in Neurosarcoidosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Keld-Erik Byg ◽  
Helle H. Nielsen ◽  
Tobias Sejbaek ◽  
Jonna Skov Madsen ◽  
Dorte Aalund Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neurofilament Light Chain ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Fluid Levels

Background: Damage to axonal cells releases neurofilament light chain (NFL) into the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. The objective of this study was to investigate NFL as a potential biomarker of disease activity in neurosarcoidosis. MRIs were graded according to enhancing lesions at different central nervous system (CNS) sites. Results: In cerebrospinal fluid, levels of NFL were higher in neurosarcoidosis patients (n = 20) median 2304 pg/mL (interquartile range (IQR) 630–19,612) compared to 426 pg/mL (IQR 261-571) in extra-neurologic sarcoidosis patients (n = 20) and 336 pg/mL (IQR 194–402) in healthy controls (n = 11) (p = 0.0002). In plasma, levels of NFL were higher in neurosarcoidosis patients median 28.2 pg/mL (IQR 11.5–49.3) compared to 6.2 pg/mL (IQR 4.3–8.2) in extra-neurologic sarcoidosis patients and 7.1 pg/mL (IQR 6.2–9.0) in healthy controls (p = 0.0001). Levels in both cerebrospinal fluid and plasma were higher in neurosarcoidosis patients with moderate/severe enhancement than patients with mild enhancement on MRI (p = 0.009 and p = 0.005, respectively). To distinguish neurosarcoidosis patients from extra-neurologic patients and healthy controls, a cut-off level of 630 pg/mL in cerebrospinal fluid had 94% specificity and 79% sensitivity, while a cut-off level of 11.4 pg/mL in plasma had 97% specificity and 75% sensitivity. Conclusions: NFL levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma are significantly higher in neurosarcoidosis patients compared to extra-neurologic patients and healthy controls, and the levels correlate to the extent of inflammation on MRI.

Dimephosphone — vasoactive drug for normalization of nervous system function

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
R. Kh. Khafizyaiiova ◽  
I. A. Studentsova ◽  
V. I. Danilov ◽  
I. S. Mokrinskaya ◽  
R. A. Garaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Vasoactive Drug ◽  
System Function ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Nervous System Function

An experimental study of dimephpsphone, using different models of the disorders of cerebrum and cerebral circulation functions, reveals cerebroprotcctive properties and normalizing type of the effect on the regulating mechanisms of cerebral circulation. Clinical tests indicate the efficacy of the drug in different central nervous system diseases in neurological and neurosurgical clinics.

scholarly journals Experimental study of various central nervous system effects of eugenol in mice and rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sharma ◽  
GP Rauniar ◽  
BP Das
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Group I

Background: Eugenol is an essential component of many medicinal herbs. It is a member of the allylbenzene class of chemical compounds. Since years, it is being used in dental practice to relieve pain arising from pulpitis and dentinal hypersensitivity. There are few reports of anticonvulsant effect but further effects are less reported. Lack of comprehensive studies and data of eugenol on the central nervous system effects in animal models thus necessitates further research activities. Objective: To observe and evaluate various neuropharmacological effects like antinociceptive effect, anticonvulsant effect, effect on motor co-ordination, pentobarbital induced sleeping time and anxiolytic effect of eugenol in mice and rats. Methods: It was a quantitative experimental study done in the laboratory setting of the department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. For each test, respective animal models were used. Animals were divided into three groups of six each, group I as control, group II as standard control and group III as test group. Results: Significant effects were observed in analgesic, anticonvulsant and sedative model whereas no significant effect as compared to control was observed in test of motor co-ordination and in behavioral models. Conclusion: This study shows eugenol to possess analgesic, anticonvulsant and sedative effect whereas it didn.t have any effect on models of anxiety. Various target sites have been implicated but this study doesn.t conclude a plausible mechanism behind all these observed effects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7137 Health Renaissance; September-December 2012; Vol 10 (No.3);208-214

scholarly journals Efficacy and morbidity of central nervous system "prophylaxis" in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: eight years' experience with cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Inati ◽  
SE Sallan ◽  
JR Cassady ◽  
S Hitchcock-Bryan ◽  
LA Clavell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Intrathecal Methotrexate ◽  
Cns Prophylaxis ◽  
Late Morbidity ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Between 1972 and 1979, 214 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and no evidence of central nervous system (CNS) disease prior to CNS prophylaxis were treated with 2400 rad cranial irradiation and concurrent intrathecal methotrexate. Only nine children developed CNS leukemia; five of them in the CNS only and four concurrently in the CNS and another site. Major acute effects of CNS prophylaxis were seizures in seven patients (3%). Sixty-nine children who had a minimum follow-up of 4 yr were evaluable for late effects of therapy. Small cataracts, incomplete regrowth of hair, and learning disabilities were noted. The latter occurred in 18% of patients, an incidence similar to that encountered in a normal community of school-age children. However, the incidence of learning disabilities in patients who were under 5 yr of age at the time of diagnosis was much higher, 35%. We conclude that the combination of cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate was highly efficacious. The incidence and severity of neuropsychologic abnormalities, the principal late morbidity of this treatment program, varies among reporting institutions. Prospective longitudinal studies of neuropsychologic function are necessary to better define the incidence of abnormalities. Future programs should attempt to decrease late morbidity, but must also assure equal efficacy and improve overall disease-free survival.

Cytokine analysis in multiple sclerosis by competitive RT - PCR: A decreased expression of IL-10 and an increased expression of TNF-α in chronic progression

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Xin Huang ◽  
Ping Huang ◽  
Hans Link ◽  
Jan Hillert
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cytokine Analysis ◽  
Autoimmune Attack

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease that is specific to the central nervous system. Cytokines are thought to be key mediators of the autoimmune attack against central nervous system myelin in MS. To investigate the involvement of cytokines in MS, the mRNA levels of interferon gamma (IFN-g), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells without stimulation in vitro were quantified by a competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. The level of IL-10 specific mRNA was significantly decreased in 47 MS patients compared with 42 healthy controls (P50.0001). TNF-a was significantly increased in MS patients compared with healthy controls (P=0.014), especially in the patients with chronic progressive MS (P=0.0003). Thus we conclude that there are significant in vivo alterations in cytokine gene expression in the periphery in MS.

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