scholarly journals Ragam Hias Kalong dalam Senibina Masyarakat Orang Ulu di Sarawak

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Lydia Patrick Padri ◽  
Harozila Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Supernatural Beliefs ◽  
Traditional Arts ◽  
Official Records ◽  
Shed Light

Kajian berkaitan ragam hias Kalong masyarakat Orang Ulu di Sarawak ini akan memberi fokus terhadap penggunaan Kalong pada senibina yang dihasilkan oleh masyarakat Orang Ulu di samping meneroka tentang makna dan falsafah yang terkandung di sebalik penggunaannya dari perspektif kepercayaan tradisi. Secara umumnya, kesenian dalam masyarakat Orang Ulu tradisional banyak menjurus kepada kepercayaan mistik dan alam ghaib serta mempunyai interaksi yang baik sesama manusia dan alam. Kajian kualitatif ini berdasarkan data-data yang dikumpul dalam bentuk perkataan, sumber majalah, keratan-keratan akhbar dan jurnal-jurnal hasil penulisan pengkaji-pengkaji barat dan tempatan serta lain-lain rekod rasmi. Di samping itu juga, kaedah temu bual dengan responden-responden yang dipilih yang terdiri daripada enam orang daripada kalangan masyarakat Orang Ulu itu sendiri juga menyokong kajian ini. Penemuan dan interpretasi yang dibuat akan dapat menjelaskan mengenai makna penggunaan motif-motif Kalong yang diaplikasikan pada binaan-binaan penting ini dengan lebih tepat lagi. Kajian ini juga dapat mengenal pasti beberapa penggiat yang terlibat dalam menghasilkan karya Kalong serta menjelaskan tentang makna dan falsafah serta mengenal pasti motif Kalong yang menjadi identiti masyarakat Orang Ulu.   Kalong Ornaments in the Architecture of the Orang Ulu Community in Sarawak Abstract: This research is about the decoration in the architecture of the Orang Ulu community in Sarawak. It focuses on the use of the bat motifs, whose meaning and philosophy in the perspective of traditional beliefs are also explored. In the Orang Ulu communities, traditional arts are related to mystical and supernatural beliefs. Human beings and nature are believed to interact in harmony. This is a qualitative study in which data are collected, interviews jotted, articles in magazines, newspapers, journals, written by local as well as foreign researchers, and official records are gleaned. Six respondents from the Orang Ulu community are randomly interviewed to help verify the data. These are interpreted to see the significance of the architecture in the Orang Ulu communities. A number of carvers are identified who shed light on the bat motifs that embody the Orang Ulu identity. Keywords: Architecture, Kalong, Orang ulu Community, Ornaments

Genetic and Developmental Perspective of Language Abnormality in Autism and Schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran George Wang ◽  
Joseph Joel Jeffries ◽  
Tianren Frank Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Unified View ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Disorganized Speech ◽  
Shared Genetic

Language and communication through it are two of the defining features of normally developed human beings. However, both these functions are often impaired in autism and schizophrenia. In the former disorder, the problem usually emerges in early childhood (~2 years old) and typically includes a lack of communication. In the latter condition, the language problems usually occur in adolescence and adulthood and presents as disorganized speech. What are the fundamental mechanisms underlying these two disorders? Is there a shared genetic basis? Are the traditional beliefs about them true? Are there any common strategies for their prevention and management? To answer these questions, we searched PubMed by using autism, schizophrenia, gene, and language abnormality as keywords, and we reconsidered the basic concepts about these two diseases or syndromes. We found many functional genes, for example, FOXP2, COMT, GABRB3, and DISC1, are actually implicated in both of them. After observing the symptoms, genetic correlates, and temporal progression of these two disorders as well as their relationships more carefully, we now infer that the occurrence of these two diseases is likely developmentally regulated via interaction between the genome and the environment. Furthermore, we propose a unified view of autism and schizophrenia: a single age-dependently occurred disease that is newly named as Systemic Integral Disorder: if occurring in children before age 2, it is called autism; if in adolescence or a later age, it is called schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Weathering the Storm: Supernatural belief and cooperation in an insecure world

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Anne McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
Supernatural Beliefs ◽  
Belief Content

Religious and supernatural beliefs may facilitate social life by promoting and sustaining cooperation, but the specific cooperation problems each society faces may lead to unique belief systems adapted to local socio-ecological conditions. As societies mix and belief systems spread, local and introduced belief systems may present conflicting solutions to the same social problem. How do we choose among these different solutions? The present study recruits participation from villagers living on Yasawa Island, Fiji (N=179), who espouse both Christian and traditional beliefs that promote different expectations about local and distant others. This study focuses on the relationships among existential/ resource insecurity and supernatural beliefs across these belief systems using an experimental priming procedure and a dictator game to allocate food resources. Though reminders of insecurity had no impact on allocations, the effects of being reminded of Christian or Traditional belief depended on (was moderated by) how worried participants were about resource availability and beliefs about the Christian God’s tendency toward punishment or forgiveness. Analyses of interview data suggest Christian and Traditional imagery may evoke different conceptions of Gods as either supportive (Christian) or authoritarian (Traditional). Results highlight belief content as key for sustaining different social support networks and traditional belief/ knowledge systems as a source of community resilience against threats like natural disasters.

scholarly journals Collective intentionality and autism: Against the exclusion of the “social misfits”

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Kristina Lekic
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Collective Intentionality ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Shed Light

The paper aims to shed light on Searle?s notion of collective intentionality (CI) as a primitive phenomenon shared by all humans. The latter could be problematic given that there are individuals who are unable to grasp collective intentionality and fully collaborate within the framework of ?we-intentionality?. Such is the case of individuals with autism, given that the lack of motivation and skills for sharing psychological states with others is one of the diagnostic criteria for Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The paper will argue that exclusion of individuals with autism is not a threat for Searle?s notion of collective intentionality, as the notion can be read as merely a biological disposition that all human beings share. Furthermore, the paper proposes the extension of Searle?s concept of CI so it can include behaviors of individuals who have the disposition towards CI, but which was not evolved through ontogenesis; namely, for individuals with autism.

The Flexibility of Torah

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
The Law ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Divine Law

This chapter examines sources that shed light on a variety of issues bearing on the question of the flexibility of the divine law of Israel according to the talmudic rabbis. In many of these sources, the Law is seen to be susceptible to change through rational adjustments by humans. The rhetoric surrounding human adjustment of the Law varies. In some passages these adjustments are represented as a kind of natural evolution justified by values and commitments internal to the system. In some passages, however, they are represented as interventions based on values and commitments external to the system, raising important questions about the agency and authority of human beings in a system of divine law. On what grounds do humans modify the Law? How is it that rational modification of the Law and the implied fallibility of the divine lawgiver do not impinge upon the Law's divinity in the eyes of the rabbis?

The Literature of Divine Guidance

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
John A. Jillions
Keyword(s):  
Popular Literature ◽  
First Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pax Romana ◽  
Paul's Letters ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Divine Guidance

The popular literature of the era helps shed light on attitudes toward divine guidance. Unfortunately, aside from Paul’s letters there are no documents from first-century Corinth. However, as residents of a cosmopolitan Roman city, attentive to learning and rhetoric, the great writers would have been well known, especially Homer, Virgil, and Horace. Homer (Iliad and Odyssey) was the most influential writer; he reflected deeply on the questions posed by divine interaction with human beings. Virgil’s Aeneid, with a Roman perspective, likewise pondered the snares of divine guidance, concluding that the gods enlist heroes like Aeneas to fulfill divine purposes for Rome, not to vindicate the heroes or make them happy. In Horace religion is a much less pervasive theme and life is more independent of the gods, but he lifts up the Pax Romana and Augustus as the fulfillment of the divine plan.

Night and Organization Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1513-1527
Author(s):  
Monika Müller
Keyword(s):  
New Materialism ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Time Space ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shed Light

In this essay, I want to shed light on the phenomena of night and nightwork as important topics which have been so far overlooked in organization studies. Inspired by insights of new materialism (Barad), I propose and investigate night as ‘time-space’, and present intertwined dimensions (temporal, spatial, social, material, etc.) of intra-actions between human beings and night. To better understand our intra-actions and entanglements with night, I provide a short historical overview which highlights past attempts to turn nightwork, once a forbidden and ungodly occupation, into a common and laudable one. I then discuss current efforts to manage and control certain dimensions of night (temporal/material and spatial/social) as well as aspects of night and nightwork that are not entirely manageable. The essay advocates going beyond traditional ontological dualisms by stressing our entanglements and intra-actions with night, thus advancing our understanding of nightwork, related bodily limitations and resistance at night. These topics call for further studies of organizations and work at night.

Aristotle's Wondering Children

Politeia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Ioannis Alysandratos ◽  
Dimitra Balla ◽  
Despina Konstantinidi ◽  
Panagiotis Thanassas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
Imperfect State ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light

Wonder is undoubtedly a term that floats around in today’s academic discussion both on ancient philosophy and on philosophy of education. Back in the 4th century B.C., Aristotle underlined the fact that philosophy begins in wonder (θαυμάζειν), without being very specific about the conditions and the effects of its emergence. He focused a great deal on children’s education, emphasizing its fundamental role in human beings’ moral fulfillment, though he never provided a systematic account of children’s moral status. The aim of this paper is to examine, on the one hand, if, to what extent, and under what conditions, Aristotle allows for philosophical wonder to emerge in children’s souls, and, on the other hand, how his approach to education may shed light to the link between wonder and the ultimate moral end, i.e. human flourishing. We will, thus, 1) try to offer a unified outlook of the philosopher’s views on children’s special cognitive and moral state, and 2) illustrate how wonder contributes in overcoming their imperfect state of being.

Unaccompanied Young Migrants from Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 648 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Tanon ◽  
Abdoulaye Sow
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Unaccompanied Minors ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Youth Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Analyze Data

Unaccompanied minors and youth migrants from Mauritania to France are almost never listed in French published statistics, even though the alarmist response of local Mauritanian organizations indicates that many are migrating. To understand this apparent contradiction, we analyze data from a qualitative study of 395 male minors (15–18 years old) and youths (above 18 years old) in three Mauritanian cities—Kaédi, Nouakchott, and Nouadhibou—to shed light on illegal youth migration. We find that powerful cultural and family dynamics encourage youth migration and that the migration of individual youths is approached as a project of families and not of the individuals alone. The article also highlights the impact of migration on Mauritanian society and recommends a new immigration policy for Europe.

“Stung by a bee, you fear a fly”: Areal and universal aspects of Lahu proverbial wisdom

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Matisoff
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Shed Light

Abstractqhɔ-qhô ί-kâʔ cɔ̀, Lâhō tɔ̂-mɔ̂ cɔ̀.The mountains have [springs of] water; the Lahu have proverbs. (#1012)Proverbs are a particularly interesting type of sentential formulaic expression. This paper analyses a rich corpus of proverbs in Lahu, a language of the Central Loloish branch of Tibeto-Burman, in terms of both their syntactic structure and their semantic content. Overwhelmingly bipartite in form, these proverbs reflect cultural and moral preoccupations of the Lahu people, and are sometimes expressed in similes and metaphors that are quite obscure to the outsider. They make implicit or explicit analogies between phenomena in the outside world and aspects of the behaviour of human beings. They often use earthy, scatological imagery, which tends to be bowdlerized in Chinese translation. Many of them bear a resemblance to the cryptic Chinese folk similes known as xiēhòuyû 歇后语. The proverbs cited are compared to similar ones in other languages, revealing the universal aspects of folk wisdom. Most Lahu proverbs seem to be original creations, although some look like literal equivalents of Western or Chinese sayings. A full-scale comparative study of Sino-Tibetan proverbs would shed light on possible paths of transmission, whether via missionaries or Chinese or Indian influence.

The Charitable John Locke

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Forde
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Common Good ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Needy ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractLocke's political philosophy, like any that centers on individual rights such as property rights, raises the question whether human beings have any duty to charity, or economic assistance, to the needy. Locke's works contain some strong statements in favor of such a duty, but in his definitive treatment of property, chapter 5 of the Second Treatise of Government, he is conspicuously silent on charity. Based on a reading of that chapter and other texts, I conclude that the basis of Lockean morality is not individual right per se, but concern for the common good. I compare Locke's theory of property to those of Aquinas, Grotius, and Pufendorf in order to shed light on Locke's view of property and charity. Finally, I argue that Locke has a tiered moral theory that separates justice from charity. His economic and political theories focus on justice, masking Locke's actual devotion to charity.

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