scholarly journals IMPACT OF PRODUCT DUMPING ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN IRAQ (2009-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghadhban & Jbara
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Export Price ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Food Commodities

The aim of this work was to check the presence of the dumping from neighboring countries of Iraq, Turkey and Jordan. The margin of dumping was calculated by taking the difference between the normal value and the export price. If it exceeds 2%, then there is dumping. Product dumping in Iraq has increased since 2003, and it is increasing from year to year for many types of agricultural and food commodities. Main reasons are the high rate of imports and the absence of trade policies represented by customs tariffs which in turn control the trade exchange. The research concluded that there is an intentional dumping in the trade of some agricultural commodities with Iraq from neighboring countries. Trade exchange with these countries has negative effects on the domestic product.  

scholarly journals Legal protection for the national product from commercial dumping

2020 ◽  
pp. 260-277
Author(s):  
زينة يونس العبيدي ◽  
تيماء محمود فوزي
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
National Product ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
Domestic Producer

Commercial relationship , always take place when the foreign and importer illegal competition Domestic product at less than normal value or cost in another country , its perfume negative effects for the Domestic producer , consumer and foreign too , so three , legislator must be intervene to confrontation commercial Dumping crackdown which give right to obligate Extra Duty unless normal duty against exports in the State .

scholarly journals Measurement and Analysis of Oil Price Fluctuations and Trends of Government Expenditure on Agriculture and Industry in Iraq for the Period (2006-2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (113) ◽  
Author(s):  
صلاح مهدي عباس ◽  
حسن علي عبد الله
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
The Unemployed

  Abstract The objective of the study: is to identify the reality of the relationship between the fluctuations in international oil prices and their reflection on the trends of government spending on agriculture and industry. The study finds that there is no joint integration between the two variables. The independent variable (oil price) has no effect on the dependent variable (expenditure on the agricultural sector) through the calculated value of F (1.906385) A significant level of 5%, which is smaller than the table value of the minimum parameter of 3.62 at a significant level of 5% This is because most of these expenses are operating expenses, which are inflexible and insufficiently responsive to the change in oil prices, since the investment expenditure on the agricultural sector did not exceed 10% of the total public expenditure during the study period. The allocation of the industrial sector out of the total public expenditure was very low, where it reaches an verage rate of this sector over 11 years (1.1%) reflected the low allocation of this sector of total public expenditure, which negatively reflected on the level of domestic production. The study recommends promotion of private sector, its development, providing necessary support and facilities to improve this sector to relieve pressure on the public sector through the employment of labor and thus reduce public expenditure, mostly salaries, wages of working staff, and prioritize investment expenditures of the total public expenditure of sectors that contribute to the construction of the economy that achieves the ambition to promote the economy, such as the industrial sector, in order to absorb the large numbers of the unemployed. The interest in the agricultural sector is crucial to the provision of food commodities and ensuring that these goods are not imported from abroad. These imports with negative effects on the country's economy.

scholarly journals IAARD’s new high-yielding varieties maize farming revenue in Gorontalo Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012072
Author(s):  
Ari Abdul Rouf ◽  
Muhammad Fitrah Irawan Hannan ◽  
Soimah Munawaroh ◽  
Ammini Amrina Saragih ◽  
Hasyim Dj Moko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Profit Value

Abstract The agricultural sector for Gorontalo Province has a very strategic role. Agriculture is a business that provides the largest contribution to gross regional domestic product (GRDP). It is recorded that the agricultural sector has a GRDP value of about 38.8 percent of the total. One of the leading agricultural commodities for Gorontalo is maize. One of the ways to increase maize production is by using superior seeds. The study was done in Sukadamai Village, North Bulango, Bone Bolango Regency from October 2020 to January 2021. The study involved 6 cooperative farmers with a land area of 3 Ha. The results of the study showed that the JH 37 and JH 29 varieties had the highest productivity levels compared to other varieties. IAARD’s is feasible because it has an RC ratio value above 1 and has a positive profit value.

scholarly journals Analisis Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kawasan Sentra Produksi Subsektor Tanaman Pangan di Provinsi Sumatera Barat

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Fastabiqul Khairad ◽  
Melinda Noer ◽  
Mahdi Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Food Commodities

<p class="ISI-Paragraf">This study aims to analyze economic growth of production centers of leading agricultural commodities food crops in West Sumatera Province. The data used in this study are secondary data with descriptive analysis tool by comparing the economic growth: GDP, agricultural sector and food crop subsector in West Sumatera Province before and after the establishment of production centers for food commodities. The productivity level of leading agricultural commodities in each region that has been determined tends to fluctuate and have not always increased. The rate of economic growth reflected in GDP of the food crops actually decreased significantly from 2014 to 2016. This illustrates that the establishment of production center areas has not fully been able to increase the productivity of production centers nor increase the economic growth of food crops subsector, agricultural sector and the overall economic growth rate in West Sumatera Province.</p>

scholarly journals Development of Soybean Cultivation as Leading Commodity in Regional Agribusiness Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-222
Author(s):  
Kundang Harisman ◽  
Suryaman Birnadi ◽  
Muhammad Subandi
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Business Partnership ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Partnership Program

The objectivie of current study is to evaluate agribusiness performance of soybean included the on farm an marketing subsystems, besides, the development of soybean as one of superior agricultural commodities and its contribution of soybean upon the gross domestic product (GDP) of Sumedang. The results indicated that agribusiness performance of soybean consisted of farm iputs procurement, on farm production, harvesting and processing, marketing and supported infrastructure and its supporting subsystems. Soybean as one of superior commodities has been well developed due to the availability of human and natural resources, exsiting markets, production technology and business partnership program. The contribution of soybean upon regional GDP during the years of 2008 – 2016, bay the 2008 constant price, was between 0,071% and 0,357% and its contribution upon regional agricultural sector was price was between 0,248%– 1,144%. Where as soybean contribution based on the curret price was between 0,068% and 0,621% and between 0,239%-1,959% respectively. During those periods the contribution of soybean upon the GDP as well as on agricultural sector was fluctuated and tend to be declining.

Peritoneal Fluid and Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity in Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Dörr ◽  
E J P Brommer ◽  
G Dooijewaard ◽  
H M Vemer
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fibrinolytic Parameters

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that the fibrinolytic activity of peritoneum is depressed in local inflammation. We measured fibrinolytic parameters in peritoneal fluid and in plasma of 10 women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Nine women, in whom laparoscopy for sterilisation was performed, served as a control group.In the peritoneal fluid of women with PID, PAI-Ag, t-PA-Ag and u-PA-Ag were many times higher than in the control group. In contrast to the antigens which may be present in inert complexes, the potentially active compounds, measured as t-PA activity and plasmin-activable scu-PA, were not significantly different in the two groups, and in none of the samples was the active enzyme tcu-PA detectable. Nevertheless, the mean peritoneal fluid TDP and FbDP concentrations were about twenty times higher in the PID group than in the control group. In plasma of PID patients, none of the parameters except u-PA-Ag differed from those in the control group. The difference between control and patient plasma u-PA-Ag was statistically significant, but too small to attach any relevance to the observation.Our data suggest that, in contrast to the classical concept of decreased fibrinolytic activity as a cause of adhesion formation, intraperitoneal fibrinolysis is enhanced in peritoneal inflammation through stimulation of the local production of t-PA and u-PA. Despite concomitant production of PAI, fibrinolysis occurs at a high rate, resulting in high levels of fibrin degradation products. Since this activated fibrinolysis does not meet the demand, therapeutic enhancement should be considered to prevent adhesions.

On Capital Allocation And The Real Cost Of Labour (Notes & Comments)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-499
Author(s):  
F. E. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Capital Allocation ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Industrial Wage ◽  
Two Sectors

This note is an extension of several contributions to the problem of re¬source allocation in a developing economy. In separate papers, I.M.D. Little and F. Seton* have introduced a model in which labour in a developing economy cannot be shifted from the subsistence to the industrial sector at zero opportunity cost, even though this labour displays zero marginal product in its 'traditional' occupations; and in what follows this problem will be attacked via a diagramma¬tic analysis. A short appendix will treat a side issue of the topic. As Little presented the model, there was an initial amount of capital K to be divided between two sectors, the I (industrial) sector, and the C (subsistence, traditional, or agricultural) sector. In the C-sector, there is excess labour or dis¬guised unemployment, in the sense of Professor W. A. Lewis2, in that the marginal product of labour in this sector is taken as equal to zero. As it happens, however, this labour cannot be moved to the I-Sector without an increase in production in the C-sector. The reason for this is because as labour is transferred to the industrial sector, consumption per head increases in the C-sector, thus decreasing the surplus available for workers being transferred to the I-sector. The transfer can only be carried out if a surplus equal to the difference between the industrial wage in C-goods and the amount of C-goods 'released' by the C-sector is forth¬coming, and for this an increased production of C-goods (via the input of capital into the C-sector) must take place. A similar situation would exist if transferring workers required a wage differential; or if C-goods had to be exported to obtain certain types of capital goods for the labour being reallocated, and/or housing, training, etc.

scholarly journals Two maize cultivars of contrasting leaf size show different leaf elongation rates with identical patterns of extension dynamics and coordination

AoB Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiphaine Vidal ◽  
Hafssa Aissaoui ◽  
Sabrina Rehali ◽  
Bruno Andrieu
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leaf Extension

Abstract Simulating leaf development from initiation to maturity opens new possibilities to model plant–environment interactions and the plasticity of plant architecture. This study analyses the dynamics of leaf production and extension along a maize (Zea mays) shoot to assess important modelling choices. Maize plants from two cultivars originating from the same inbred line, yet differing in the length of mature leaves were used in this study. We characterised the dynamics of the blade and sheath lengths of all phytomers by dissecting plants every 2–3 days. We analysed how differences in leaf size were built up and we examined the coordination between the emergence of organs and phases of their extension. Leaf extension rates were higher in the cultivar with longer leaves than in the cultivar with shorter leaves; no differences were found in other aspects. We found that (i) first post-embryonic leaves were initiated at a markedly higher rate than upper leaves; (ii) below ear position, sheaths were initiated at a time intermediate between tip emergence and appearance, while above the ear position, sheaths were initiated at a high rate, such that the time interval between the blade and sheath initiations decreased for these leaves; and (iii) ear position also marked a change in the correlation in size between successive phytomers with little correlation of size between upper and lower leaves. Our results identified leaf extension rate as the reason for the difference in size between the two cultivars. The two cultivars shared the same pattern for the timing of initiation events, which was more complex than previously thought. The differences described here may explain some inaccuracies reported in functional-structural plant models. We speculate that genotypic variation in behaviour for leaf and sheath initiation exists, which has been little documented in former studies.

scholarly journals INDIKATOR MAKROEKONOMI DAN PEMBANGUNAN KOTA BANDUNG

2019 ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Teguh Santoso ◽  
Bayu Kharisma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Autoregressive Moving Average Model ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
The City ◽  
Poverty Levels

The high rate of inflation has the potential to increase poverty because it can reduce people's purchasing power, where if inflation rises significantly it can shift the people who are categorized as not poor, become vulnerable to poverty, almost poor and even poor. The aims of this study are to analyze the development of macroeconomic indicators, namely inflation and economic growth that are associated with poverty levels in the city of Bandung. The methodology used in this study is descriptive analysis and the ARMA (autoregressive moving average) model. The results showed that the high inflation in the city of Bandung compared to national and West Java inflation carries its own burden for the economy of the community, where purchasing power will decrease when inflation rises significantly and will have an impact on people's welfare. Inflation in the city of Bandung is often due to the price of food commodities (volatile food inflation). In addition, the high economic growth in the city of Bandung is not directly proportional to the decline in poverty levels. This shows that the quality of economic growth in the city of Bandung has problems that need attention. Therefore, local government in their efforts to encourage economic growth must prioritize poverty reduction and inequality.

A Low-Dimensional Dissimilarity Analysis of Unilateral and Bilateral Stroke-Impacted Hand Trajectories

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Ryan U. Roldan ◽  
Dejan Milutinović ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Jacob Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Healthy Subject ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Dimensional

In this paper, we propose a quantitative approach based on identifying hand trajectory dissimilarities through the use of a multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. A high-rate motion capture system is used to gather three-dimensional (3D) trajectory data of healthy and stroke-impacted hemiparetic subjects. The mutual dissimilarity between any two trajectories is measured by the area between them. This area is used as a dissimilarity variable to create an MDS map. The map reveals a structure for measuring the difference and variability of individual trajectories and their groups. The results suggest that the recovery of hemiparetic subjects can be quantified by comparing the difference and variability of their individual MDS map points to the points from the cluster of healthy subject trajectories. Within the MDS map, we can identify fully recovered patients, those who are only functionally recovered, and those who are either in an early phase of, or are nonresponsive to the therapy.

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