scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF MYOSTATIN GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH SOME GROWTH TRAITS OF COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Khshali & Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Myostatin Gene ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The present study was aimed to investigate the polymorphism of the myostatin gene and its relation with some growth traits,included feed conversion rate and efficiency, protein intake and protein efficiency ratio in 68 specimens of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Sequencing of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showed three genotypes at site T2230C in the myostatin gene. The distribution rates were 5.88, 38.24 and 55.88% for TT, TC and CC respectively, and the variation among them was high significant, the allelic frequency was 0.25 for allele T, while it was 0.75 for C. Effect of the genotype of the myostatin gene was significantly in the feed conversion rate and efficiency, the protein intake and the protein efficiency ratio of the common carp with the variation of the genotypes of myostatin gene, whereas the feed conversion rate was 6.18 , 6.00 and 4.50 at TC , TT and CC respectively. Based on the mentioned results , the positive relation between myostatin gene polymorphism with some growth traits observed in this study may be a useful biomarker in the selection and crossing the genotypes that have achieved the best performance in common carp .

scholarly journals THE SUBSTITUTION OF PIGEON PEA SEED (CAJANUS CAJAN) FOR GROUNDNUT CAKE AND MAIZE IN BROILER FINISHER RATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. U. AMAEFULE ◽  
F. C. OBIOHA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pea Seed

One   hundred  and   twenty  4  -   week  old broilers were used to study the effect of substituting pigeon pea seed meal (PPSM) for groundnut cake and maize in broiler finisher rations.  The 4 diet groups contained 0, 30, 40, and  50% PPSM  and  measurements  taken  in the 3 week study  were weight gain,  feed  intake feed conversion ration and   protein  efficiency ratio. Results  showed  that   body weight gain of the  birds  increased as  the  proportion  of PPSM in the diets increased. The final body weights  were  1.47,  1.64,  1.71  and   1.73kg  for 0.30,  40,  and   50%  respectively. Feed   and protein   intake   significantly   increased  as   a result of replacing groundnut cake  and  maize with   PPSM   up   to  40%,  but  did   not   show significant  difference   between   40  and   50%. I Feed  intake   figures  were  96.80, 129.90, 144.30 and  142.60g and  corresponding protein intake figures  were  20.67, 27.64, 30.72 and  30.57g  for 0,   30,   40   and    50%    inclusion    of   PPSM respectively. Feed conversion ratio  and protein efficiency ratio did not significantly differ among the diets.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION OF DIETS CONTAINING RAW, BOILED OR DEHULLED PIGEONPEA SEED MEALS (Cajanusc cajan) FED TO BROILER FINISHERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
K. U. AMAEFULE ◽  
F. C. OBIOHA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio

One hundred and eighty, 4-week old broilers were used to study the performance of broiler finishers fed diets containing raw, boiled or dehulled pigeonpea seed meals included at levels of 30 and 40% of the diets in a 33 x2 factorially designed experiment. Performance criteria were daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), nutrient utilization and final liveweight of the broilers at the end of 8" week. Results showed that dehulled seed meal diet produced broilers with the highest daily weight gain, final liveweight and protein efficiency ratio, lowest feed intake, FCR and daily protein intake. Broilers fed boiled seed meal diet performed significantly better than those fed raw seed meal diet in all measurements. Broilers fed on 30% inclusion level of PPSM gave better results than those on 40% which significantly depressed growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency and increased protein intake. The interaction between processing methods and inclusion levels were not significant. There was a higher nutrient utilization of dehulled and boiled PPSM diets by broilers than the raw seed meal. Increase in the level of inclusion generally decreased protein retention except for the dehulled PPSM diet. It is concluded that a better option is to dehull boiled pigeonpea seeds and include the meal at not more than 30% of the whole ration for broiler finishers.    

scholarly journals Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA / DHA) and Vitamin E Addition on the Growth Performance and the Larvae Performance of Cyprinus carpio L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Osamah A. Salih ◽  
Adel Y. Al-Dubakel ◽  
Ali I. Gowdet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Feed Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

This study was conducted in earthen ponds of shrimp hatchery belonging to the Basrah Agricultural Directorate, to find out the effect using of food additives omega-3 and Vitamin E on the performance of the growth and the quality of the produced larvae of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L.. Three treatments were used, the first treatment (T1) represented control without any food additives, the second treatment (T2) contained 5gm.Kg-1 diet of omega-3 fatty acids and the third treatment (T3) contained Vit. E was added at 200 mg.Kg-1 diet. The experiment lasted for 82 days. For each treatment three replicate were used and six common carp brood stock in each replicate. The productive parameters (body weight, weight gain, feed conversion rate, feed efficiency ratio% and specific and relative growth rate%) were measured. Results indicated an improvement in all production parameters and in the feed conversion efficiency of for T2 and T3, compared with the T1. The weight gain (526.39 gm.fish-1), feed conversion rate was 3.61 and feed efficiency ratio was  28.13% for the T2 which showed a significant differences (P<0.05) compared to the control, while T3 did not show significant differences (P>0.05 ) in comparison with both treatments T1 and T2; the specific and relative growth rate for T2 were 0.32%.day-1 and 30.81 %.day-1 respectively showed also a significant differences (P<0.05) compared with the control. These results showed that addition Vit. E to the diet improved the production parameters of common carp larvae better than in omega-3 and control treatments. The study concluded that addition omega-3 fatty acids at a concentration of 5gm Kg -1, and Vit. E at a concentration of 200 mg kg-1 to the diet enhanced the growth rates of common carp and improved larvae production.

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecium PNC01 isolated from the intestinal mucosa of chicken as an alternative for antibiotics to reduce feed conversion rate in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang He ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yuanyang Dong ◽  
Jiaqi Lei ◽  
Koichi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract Background The development and utilization of probiotics had many environmental benefits for replacing antibiotics in animal production. Bacteria in the intestinal mucosa have better adhesion to the host intestinal epithelial cells compared to bacteria in the intestinal contents. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens and investigated as the substitution to antibiotic in broiler production. Results In addition to acid resistance, high temperature resistance, antimicrobial sensitivity tests, and intestinal epithelial cell adhesion, Enterococcus faecium PNC01 (E. faecium PNC01) was showed to be non-cytotoxic to epithelial cells. Draft genome sequence of E. faecium PNC01 predicted that it synthesized bacteriocin to perform probiotic functions and bacteriocin activity assay showed it inhibited Salmonella typhimurium from invading intestinal epithelial cells. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the ileal villus height and crypt depth in broiler chickens, reduced the relative length of the cecum at day 21, and reduced the relative length of jejunum and ileum at day 42. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the cecal microbiota. Conclusion E. faecium PNC01 replaced antibiotics to reduce the feed conversion rate. Furthermore, E. faecium PNC01 improved intestinal morphology and altered the composition of microbiota in the cecum to reduce feed conversion rate. Thus, it can be used as an alternative for antibiotics in broiler production to avoid the adverse impact of antibiotics by altering the gut microbiota. Graphic Abstract

Performance of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) on by-product diets in small-scale production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J.M. Sorjonen ◽  
M. Karhapää ◽  
S. Holm ◽  
A. Valtonen ◽  
H. Roininen
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
By Products

As insect farming is becoming more popular in Europe and in the US, the use of food industry by-products in insects’ feed is drawing more attention. However, it is still unclear how to maximise the use of by-products in the feeds while meeting the nutritional requirements and maintaining profitable rearing yields with the current production technology. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Finnish small-scale cricket farming and laboratory conditions to determine whether five diet treatments, including by-product diets with barley mash and turnip rape, modify the overall fresh yield (kg), development time and feed conversion rate of the house crickets (Acheta domesticus). We discovered that the diets differed in the overall fresh cricket yield (kg) but not in the development time or the feed conversion rate of the crickets. The diets with a high proportion of by-product decreased the price of the feed but at the same time reduced the yield. Based on our results, complex by-product diets with the by-product proportion of 20-41% are the most suitable for house cricket rearing.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of the Light and Sexing on Growth Performance and Slaughter Results at Young Quails from Mixed Baloteşti Population of Eggs-Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Lucian IONITA ◽  
Elena POPESCU-MICLOSANU ◽  
George NICA ◽  
Cornel Octavian PANA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The purposes of determining the influence of the light and sexing on growth performance and slaughter results atyoung quails from Balotesti population, was organized an experiment on 150 quails, betwen age of 28 and 70 days. The chicks were divided into two groups (control and experimental), and growth and slaughter performance were determined separately by sex. Have studied 2 lighting programs, a program of continous lighting with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (16 L + 8 N, control group) and a program with lighting with asymetric hours intervals with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (10L+2N+6L+6N, experimental group).Males and females from the experimental group were recorded average performance of growth high during the period 28 - 70 days. Live weight at age of 70 days was higher with 7.54 %, average weight gain was higher with 14.86 % and feed conversion rate was lower with 13.51 % at males from experimental group compared to males from the control group. Also, the live weight at the age of 70 days was higher with 18.09 %; average weight gain was higher with 35.12 %, while feed conversion rate was reduced with 30.08 % on females from the experimental group compared to females from the control group.The results of the slaughter at 70 days were superior in the caseof females from the both groups versus males. The average weight of the carcase was higher with 17.53 % in case of the females than that of males from the experimental group, and the carcase yield was 65.37 % at the females and 65.56 % for males. Also, the average weight of the carcase was higher with 5.08 % in case of females compared to that males from the control group, and the carcase yield was 64.20 % to females 66.70 % on males.Superior results recorded in the case of females and males from the experimental group recommended the program of lighting with asymmetric hours intervals in the growth of youth quail. Also, the higher slaughter results recorded in the case of females of the two groups recommended them in the meat production through a broiler of quail that combine advantages in the production of both males and females. 

scholarly journals Studies on the Growth Responses of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Progenies Raised Using Different Starter Diets

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
J. O. Ed-Idoko ◽  
S. G. Solomon ◽  
P. A. Annune ◽  
S. I. Ikap ◽  
B. T. Iber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percentage Weight

200 fry of carp obtained from induced breeding by stripping were fed three times daily ad libitum with Artemia (DT1), commercial starter diet (DT2), and dried egg yolk (DT3)for  8 weeks. Each  treatments were in triplicates in indoor hatchery. At the end of the experiment, the progenies mean weight gained (MWG) was highest in the treatments fed Artemia (3.490±0.015a) as compared to others with significant difference (P<0.05).Mean weight gained (MWG) was highest in the treatments fed Artemia. Percentage weight gain (%WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) had no significant differences (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was highest (P<0.05) in treatment fed with smashed egg yolk. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was highest (P<0.05) in the treatment fed with composed feed. Mortality rate was highest in treatment fed with Artemia, and percentage survival was highest (P<0.05) in treatment fed with composed feed. Percentage jumpers per treatment were highest in Artemia diet. In conclusion, it is imperative that Artemia feed (amidst other starter diets researched on) is most preferable for the optimum growth and development of common carp fry.

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