Studies on growth performance of Cyprinus carpio var. Communis fed with Bacillus clausii supplemented diets

The present investigation entitled “Studies on growth performance of Cyprinus carpio var. Communis fed with Bacillus clausii supplemented diets” was carried out at Faculty of Fisheries, Ganderbal over a period of 60 days from April 1st to June Ist, 2019. The fingerlings were fed with dry diets containing three concentrations of probiotic viz., (T1: 1%, T2: 1.5%, T3: 2%) and control group (T0: containing no probiotic). The growth parameters including per cent weight gain, Specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were measured at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the probiotic incorporated diets had significant impact on growth than control group (P<0.05). The highest values of treatment T2 with 2 per cent probiotic showed the highest percent weight gain (74.62%), specific growth rate (0.40), feed efficiency ratio (0.90), protein efficiency ratio (1.82) were observed in treatments with 2% concentration of probiotic where as, feed conversion ratio(1.09) was lower in groups received probiotic through diets than control.

Black Soldier Fly Full-Fat Larvae Meal Is More Profitable Than Fish Meal and Fish Oil in Siberian Sturgeon Farming: The Effects on Aquaculture Sustainability, Economy and Fish GIT Development

This study provides data on the environmental sustainability, economic profitability, and gastrointestinal tract development of Siberian sturgeon diets containing black soldier fly full-fat larvae meal (BSFL) for a fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) replacement. BSFL was used at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the diet, replacing by up to 61.3% of FM and 95.4% of FO. BSFL positively affected the feed efficiency ratio, and lowered FM and FO usage per kg of fish gain. All the BSFL diets showed a sustainable fish-in fish-out (FIFO) ratio, which was lowered by up to 75% in comparison to the control. Economic assessment per kg of fish gain showed that the most lucrative variants were variants with 10% and 15% BSFL, it finds a mode of action in improvements of the gastrointestinal tract development, including increased pyloric caeca and proximal intestine shares and enhanced villus height and area. Thus, in Siberian sturgeon, BSFL may be used not only as an FM and FO replacer but also as a functional material due to its feed utilization and beneficial health effects, which are reflected in its high sustainability and favourable economics.

Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken fed high fibre sunflower seed cake diets

A feeding trial was conducted to assess the levels of inclusion of high fibre sunflower seed cake HFSSC) protein as replacement for soybean cake protein in the diets of broiler chicken at 0,25,50,75 and 100%. At the starter phase feed intake and feed efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) increased as the level of HFSSC increased in the diets. Weight gain and protein efficiency ratio were however significantly (P<0.05) reduced when over 25% of HFSSC was included in the diet. At the finisher phase same trend was observed except that weight gain and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) reduced when over 50% HFSSC was included in the diet. Significant (P<0.05) differences were in liveweight, plucked and dressing percentages at the starter and finisher phases. Reduction in abdominal fat deposition was obtained at the starter and finisher phases while gizzard weights were significantly (P<0.05) increased. The results of this study show that 50% soybean cake protein in the diets of broiler chicken can be replaced by HFSSC.

Feed and Disease at Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Farms in Korea

The objective of this study was to conduct field experiments comparing formulated (extruded pellets (E.P)) and raw-fish (moist pellets (M.P)) feeds at two flounder aquaculture farms for six months to obtain the basic data necessary for improving aquafarmers’ awareness of feed-quality issues and firmly establish and expand the use of formulated feed. According to the results, the M.P group was higher in weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and specific growth rate and lower in mortality rate than the E.P group. All cases of mortality were caused by six kinds of disease, four of which (Vibrio sp., Edwardsiella sp., Streptococcus sp., and Scuticociliates) were common to the two groups, whereas Lymphocystis arose only in the M.P group and abdominal inflation only in the E.P group at both farms. As for mortality in the present experiment, the numbers were 1047 at Da-Hae farm and 1167 at Global farm, with more fish dying in the E.P tanks than in the M.P tanks. By multiplying the number of deaths by selling price, the economic losses were $9650 and $10,756, respectively. Therefore, it should be considered an urgent priority to develop flounder-exclusive formulated feed for improved digestion and absorption rate and also to establish a water-quality-improvement management plan.

Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA / DHA) and Vitamin E Addition on the Growth Performance and the Larvae Performance of Cyprinus carpio L.

This study was conducted in earthen ponds of shrimp hatchery belonging to the Basrah Agricultural Directorate, to find out the effect using of food additives omega-3 and Vitamin E on the performance of the growth and the quality of the produced larvae of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L.. Three treatments were used, the first treatment (T1) represented control without any food additives, the second treatment (T2) contained 5gm.Kg-1 diet of omega-3 fatty acids and the third treatment (T3) contained Vit. E was added at 200 mg.Kg-1 diet. The experiment lasted for 82 days. For each treatment three replicate were used and six common carp brood stock in each replicate. The productive parameters (body weight, weight gain, feed conversion rate, feed efficiency ratio% and specific and relative growth rate%) were measured. Results indicated an improvement in all production parameters and in the feed conversion efficiency of for T2 and T3, compared with the T1. The weight gain (526.39 gm.fish-1), feed conversion rate was 3.61 and feed efficiency ratio was 28.13% for the T2 which showed a significant differences (P<0.05) compared to the control, while T3 did not show significant differences (P>0.05 ) in comparison with both treatments T1 and T2; the specific and relative growth rate for T2 were 0.32%.day-1 and 30.81 %.day-1 respectively showed also a significant differences (P<0.05) compared with the control. These results showed that addition Vit. E to the diet improved the production parameters of common carp larvae better than in omega-3 and control treatments. The study concluded that addition omega-3 fatty acids at a concentration of 5gm Kg -1, and Vit. E at a concentration of 200 mg kg-1 to the diet enhanced the growth rates of common carp and improved larvae production.

MON-648 Chronic Unpredictable Environmental Stress May Induce Predisposition to Diabetes Mellitus

Title: Chronic Unpredictable Environmental Stress may induce predisposition to diabetes mellitus Objective: Chronic unpredictable environmental stress (CUES) may induce predisposition to diabetes mellitus. Material & Methods: This study investigates the role of CUES on impaired homeostasis. Stressed group mice (n=20) were exposed to CUES for 16 weeks. Weekly body weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency ratio, fasting blood glucose were monitored. Plasma HbA1c, plasma cortisol, plasma epinephrine and plasma insulin, serum lipids, antioxidants and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes activity were assessed along with DNA damage and histopathological examination of liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen and skeletal muscles. Semi-quantitative expression of IL-4, IL-6 and β- actin was also assessed. Results: Fasting blood glucose levels & HbA1c in the stressed were significantly higher compared to control (p&lt;0.001). Serum lipids were found insignificantly higher in stressed mice compared to control. Body weights of the stressed mice and feed efficiency ratio were found significant (p&lt;0.001). Plasma corticosterone, plasma epinephrine, HOMA-IR was found to be significantly higher in the stressed group (p&lt;0.001). Plasma insulin level was found to be significantly lower in the stressed group (p&lt; 0.001). Significant changes were observed in antioxidants level, carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes activity, peripheral tissues and DNA integrity. Expression of IL-4, IL-6 was found significantly higher in the stressed group. Conclusions: CUES initiates pathogenesis of diabetes.

White Kidney Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Consumption Reduces Fat Accumulation in a Polygenic Mouse Model of Obesity

Clinical studies indicate that eating common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., plays a role in body weight regulation but mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the anti-obesogenic activity of white kidney bean in a mouse model of dietary-induced obesity. Bean consumption reduced the accumulation of adipose tissue in male and female C57BL6 mice. The anti-obesogenic effect of white kidney bean was not due to alterations in energy intake, energy excreted in the feces, or feed efficiency ratio. While bean consumption increased the mass of the intestine, no marked differences were consistently observed in crypt height, mucin content of goblet cells, proliferation index or zone of proliferation. However, significantly higher concentrations of total bacteria and of Akkermansia muciniphila were detected in cecal content of bean-fed mice, and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was reduced. Bile acid content was higher in the ileum of bean-fed mice, but transcript levels of farnesoid X receptor were not significantly affected. Whether changes in bile-acid-mediated cell signaling play a role in bean-related differences in fat accumulation and/or overall metabolic health requires further investigation.

Effect of Different Ratio Omega-3 and Omega-6 in Total Mix Ration on Productive Performance, Blood Metabolites and Estrous Characteristic of Ewes

This study was conducted to compare the effect of different ratio of omega-3:omega-6 in total mix ration to blood metabolites and reproductive performance of ewes. A total of 25 young ewes were randomly assigned to five experimental groups and five replications : R0 (without omega-3:omega-6), R1 (omega-3:omega-6 1:8), R2 (omega-3:omega-6 1:6), R3 (omega-3:omega-6 1:3), R4 (omega-3:omega-6 1:2). The parameters measured were feed intake, productive performance, blood glucose and cholesterol pre-mating period. Parameters of characteristic estrous measured were onset of estrous, length of estrous and estrous response. The result showed that ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 1:2 have a greatest daily weight gain and feed efficiency. Ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 1:2 have blood glucose lowest, but highest blood cholesterol. Addition of omega-3 cause to delays onset of estrous. The conclusion is greatest length of estrous, estrous response and pregnacy rate on ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 1:2 in ration.

Chronic Unpredictable Environmental Stress Impair Biochemical and Physiological Homeostatsis: Role in Diabetes Mellitus

Chronic unpredictable environmental stress (CUES) may induce predisposition to diabetes mellitus. This study investigates the role of CUES on impaired homeostasis. Stressed group mice (n = 20) were exposed to CUES for 16 weeks. Weekly body weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency ratio, fasting blood glucose were monitored. Plasma HbA1c, plasma cortisol, plasma epinephrine and plasma insulin, serum lipids, antioxidants and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes activity were assessed along with DNA damage and histopathological examination of liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen and skeletal muscles. Fasting blood glucose levels &amp; HbA1c in the stressed were significantly higher compared to control (p &lt; 0.001). Serum lipids were found insignificantly higher in stressed mice compared to control. Body weights of the stressed mice and feed efficiency ratio were found significant (p &lt; 0.001). Plasma corticosterone, plasma epinephrine, HOMA-IR was found to be significantly higher in the stressed group (p &lt; 0.001). Plasma insulin level was found to be significantly lower in the stressed group (p &lt; 0.001). Significant changes were observed in antioxidants level, carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes activity, peripheral tissues and DNA integrity. CUES initiates pathogenesis of diabetes.

Lowering Effect of Selenium and Yogurt on Nuts Contaminated With Aflatoxins Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Nuts which contaminated with aflatoxins are potent to hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic agents. Herein, we were assessed the ability of selenium and yogurt to ameliorate aflatoxin-contaminated nut-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Relative to the control group, the aflatoxin-contaminated nut-fed rats has been reduced body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio (FER), whereas those rats given selenium or yogurt, or both, and consumed 3% aflatoxin-contaminated nuts showed no significant decrease in body weight gain or decrease in FER. Food intake did not vary significantly between the groups. After 60 days, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities were increased in the serum of rats fed aflatoxin-contaminated nuts, suggesting hepatic damage. The 3% aflatoxin-contaminated nut-fed group has been reduced total protein and serum, liver glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase(GPX and SOD) enzymes but elevated creatinine, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as liver MDA, compared to the control group. Moreover, we were found that feeding of the rats by selenium, yogurt or both could be normalize of liver and antioxidant enzyme levels (GPX, SOD, and MDA), as well as total protein, albumin, globulin, and uric acid contents. Based on our findings, we were proposed that selenium and yogurt could reduce the side effects of hepatotoxicity in experimental rats that have consumed aflatoxin-contaminated nuts.