scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL USE OF Ca(NO3)2 TO IMPROVE SALINITY TOLERANCE IN DATE PALM (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-453
Author(s):  
Saleh M. Alturki
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Saline Solutions ◽  
The Impact

The study was conducted to investigate the impact of Ca(NO3)2 on  different levels of salt-stress in date palm. Three-years-old date palm plants were subjected to four NaCl levels: 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM. The saline solutions were supplemented with 0, 5, 10 and 20 mM Ca(NO3)2. The combined NaCl/Ca(NO3)2 treatments were conducted over a period of 10 weeks. Control plants were only subjected to the four salinity levels with no Ca (NO3)2 addition. Results showed an inhibitory effect of salinity on almost all plants' parameters under investigation, mainly the accumulation of ions such as N, K, Ca, plant dry weight, chlorophyll and net photosynthesis rate. Addition of Ca (NO3)2 in the solution was more beneficial when added in a moderate concentration (10 mM) compared to lower (5 mM) and higher (20 mM) under all salinity levels. The addition of 10 mM Ca (NO3)2 noticeably enhanced chlorophyll content under 50 mM Na Cl (2.5 mg/100 cm2) and 150 mM NaCl (2 mg/100 cm2). In addition, 10 mM Ca (NO3)2 reduced the accumulation of Na and Cl in plant parts. For instance, in trees subjected to 10 mM Ca (NO3)2, Cl content in leaves and stems under 50 mM Na Cl were 0.23% and 0.65%, respectively. On the other hand, Cl content under 100 mM Na Cl and 200 mM Na Cl were lower compared to their corresponding control treatments. It seems that the use of Ca (NO3)2 had ameliorative effects on salt-stressed date palm plants when used with moderate concentrations.

Salt Tolerance of Trifolium alexandrinum L. I. Comparison of the Salt Response of T. alexandrinum and T. pratense

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
E Winter ◽  
A Lauchli
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Survival Potential ◽  
Induced Changes

Trifolium alexandrinum and Trifolium pratense were grown in solution culture at salinity levels of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl. Trifolium alexandrinum survived at all salt treatments. Salt-induced growth reductions of 30 and 47% occurred at 50 and 100 mM NaCl, respectively, mostly affecting stems. Plants still survived at 150 and 200 mM NaCl. This species can therefore be considered moderately salt tolerant. Trifolium pratense showed a low survival potential at salt treatments of 100 mM NaCl or higher, and the dry weight production of all plant parts was considerably affected at moderate salt levels. Thus T. alexandrinum is considered more salt tolerant than T. pratense. The distribution and contents of K+, Na+ and Cl- in both species indicate that T. pratense translocates Na+ and Cl- linearly with increasing salt treatment into stems and leaves, whereas low foliar Na+ and Cl- contents in T. alexandrinum suggest some mechanisms that control the ion distribution in the different plant parts. Salt-induced changes of the K+ and Ca2+ contents of the different plant parts of both species are discussed.

The response to salinity of a population of Dactyloctenium aegyptium from a saline habitat in southern Nigeria

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Adu ◽  
A. R. Yeo ◽  
O. T. Okusanya
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Water Contents

ABSTRACTThe effects of salinity upon the growth, photosynthesis, ion and water contents of a population of Dactyloctenium aegyptium originating from a saline site in Nigeria were investigated. Growth was unaffected by a salinity of 10% artificial sea water, but was reduced by one third in 20% and by two thirds in 30% artificial sea water respectively. Initial adjustment to salinity was due both to increases in the concentrations of sodium and potassium per unit dry weight and to reduced hydration, the latter being the more important at higher salinities. The increase in ion concentration in the cell sap balanced the salinity of the medium at 10% artificial sea water, but was excessive at higher concentrations of sea water. Net photosynthesis was unaffected by 10% artificial sea water but declined at higher salinities. The potassium content of the plants did not fall below 200–250 mM, and the sodium to potassium ratio did not exceed three, even at the highest salinities. Variation in the concentration of nutrients (potassium, nitrate and sulphate) in the medium in the presence of 25% artificial sea water had significant effects upon growth, but these were small in relation to the inhibitory effect of the salinity.The reduction in growth could not be attributed to lack of osmotic adjustment or to nutrient deficiency, and was probably due to ion toxicity within the leaves. The tolerance to reduced hydration, combined with the ability to germinate in saline conditions previously observed, could enable D. aegyptium to establish in a saline soil. The population did not exhibit any halophytic characteristics but did survive with a low growth rate at salinities up to 50% artificial sea water. It is concluded that the species was able to colonize the saline site because of its inherent adaptability, rather than the possession of an ecotype adapted to saline conditions.

scholarly journals Mycoflora Associated with Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) from Ad Darb, Jizan, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Syeda Fatima Manzelat
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Disease Forecasting ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Media

Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a very important and commonly growing tree found in Saudi Arabia. The fruit is nutritionally important and adds to the economy of the country. Isolation and identification of the phytopathogenic mycoflora is an important tool in the diagnosis of the pathogenic genera which are damaging to the palm under study. This is the first attempt to isolate and identify the phytopathogenic fungal flora found on the phylloplane and other plant parts of date palm from Ad Darb region of Jizan province during the year 2018. The media employed for the study was Potato Dextrose Agar on which 0.5 cm direct pieces of the diseased parts (phylloplane, fruit, rachis and trunk) of the date palm were inoculated. The isolated fungi were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively and the results interpreted in the form of table, bar diagram and photomicrographs. The mycoflora is represented by Aspergillus, Botrytis, Ceratocystis, Fusarium, Graphiola, Penicillium, Rhizopus ,Saprolegnia and Syncephalastrum. One hundred and fifty four fungal isolates were obtained from the nine represented genera. Aspergillus was the predominant genera with seventy four isolates. This study will help in the protection and conservation of this very important plant in the province. The study can also help the plant pathologist in disease forecasting and effective monitoring of the different diseases of the date palm thereby helping in the management and minimization of economic loss.

scholarly journals Determination of Five Mineral Element Contents in Pollen Grains of Different Seedling Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Male Trees Grown in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
M.A. Seif El-Yazal ◽  
Samir A. Seif El-Yazal
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Regular Component ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Study Results

This experiment was conducted to found the connection between sensible male pollinators and the content from mineral element (Zinc, Irion, Manganese, Cupper and Magnesium) in pollen grain of fifty seedling date palm male and compared it with the best selective five seedling date palm males (number 2, 10, 29, 40, 46) are appropriate and promising males for to be utilized in pollinating female date palms and mistreatment in breeding programs in previous study. Results found variations among the categories of pollen and elements. The highest concentration of zinc was found in males' number (2, 10, 40 and 46) which recorded 127,102, 115 and 122 μg/g dry weight respectively as compared to the other male trees. Also the highest concentration of iron was found in male number (40) which recorded 222 μg/g dry weight as compared to the other male trees. Moreover, notes from result excellence male number (10) in manganese concentration which recorded 202 μg/g dry weight as compared to the other male trees. In this concern, pollen grain of date palm male trees contained also, high concentrations of copper and magnesium the concentration ranging from 10 to 30 and 1320 to 1985 μg/g dry weight for copper and magnesium respectively. The best result for copper and magnesium which obtained from the selective male number (46) which recorded 30 and 1985 μg/g dry weight for copper and magnesium respectively as compared to the other male trees. From all the results we can conclude that the date palm pollen grain was as rich source of important minerals, so its suitability as a regular component in plant and human diet.

NITROGENASE ACTIVITY, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TOTAL NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES IN COWPEA DURING AND AFTER DROUGHT STRESS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PARARAJASINGHAM ◽  
D. P. KNIEVEL
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrate ◽  
And Control

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine whether depressed nitrogenase activity (NA) of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) nodules during drought stress is associated with altered carbohydrate supply to the nodules. Nitrogenase activity of the nodules, midday abaxial stomatal conductance, leaf net photosynthesis and mg total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) g−1 dry weight of several plant parts were measured in cowpea subjected to and recovering from drought stress periods of 0, 4 and 8 days. In addition, cowpea plants were shaded or partially defoliated (75% leaf removal) to limit carbohydrate supply to the nodules of well-watered plants. Stomatal conductance, leaf net photosynthesis and nodule NA declined 60, 62 and 90%, respectively, within 4 d of withholding water. After 8 d of drought stress, leaf net photosynthesis and nodule NA were near zero. Stomatal conductance and leaf net photosynthesis returned to the level of unstressed plants within 24 h following rewatering while recovery of NA was delayed. Shading and defoliation of cowpea plants under well watered conditions decreased NA 62 and 44%, respectively. TNC concentrations of leaves, petioles, stems, roots and nodules did not differ appreciably between drought stressed and control plants. In contrast, TNC concentrations of shoot plant parts from shaded or defoliated plants declined significantly compared to controls and nodule TNC concentrations declined in shaded plants. The decline in NA by cowpea nodules during drought stress did not appear to be directly associated with carbohydrate supply to the nodules, but rather the result of a new equilibrium attained with overall limited plant growth under the stress.Key words: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., nitrogenase activity, drought stress recovery, assimilate stress, shading, defoliation, total nonstructural carbohydrate

Incidence de l'aération sur le traitement par compostage des sous-produits du palmier dattier contaminés parFusarium oxysporumf.sp.albedinis

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Chakroune ◽  
M Bouakka ◽  
A Hakkou
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Cooling Phase

Composting of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) residues contaminated with Fusarium f.sp oxysporum albedinis, causal agent of the vascular wilt (Bayoud) of the date palm, has been achieved. The effect of the aeration of the piles by manual turning has been studied. The maintenance of an adequate humidity of 60%–70%, necessary to the good progress of the composting process, required the contribution of 11.4 L of water/kg of the dried residues. The evolution of the temperatures in the three piles presents the same phases. A latency phase, followed after 2–3 d of composting by a thermophilic phase, which lasts about 24 d, where the temperature remains elevated between 50 and 70 °C. Then a cooling phase that takes about 15 d, during which the temperatures fall to values between 25 and 35 °C, near room temperature. Fusarium f.sp oxysporum albedinis is eliminated completely during the thermophilic phase of composting, and increasing frequencies of turning accelerate its disappearance to a certain extent. On the other hand, pH remained steady and relatively basic oscillating between 8.2 and 8.7. Ninety percent (90%) of the the date palm residues are composed exclusively of organic matters. The total nitrogen represents only 0.4%. The contribution of manure decreases the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) from 115 to 48 in the initial mixture. After 80 d of composting and according to the frequency of return up, there is a reduction of the granulometry of the substratum, the C/N ratio (from 29% to 44%), the organic matter (from 15% to 23%), the total volume (from 25% to 35%), and of the dry weight of the swaths (from 16% to 24%). On the other hand there is an increase in total nitrogen rate (from 20% to 40%) and in the mineral matter (from 23% to 35%).Key words: composting, palm date, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis.

scholarly journals Cell suspension culture as a means to produce polyphenols from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poornananda Madhava Naik ◽  
Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Cell Suspension Culture ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L

ABSTRACT Date palm accumulates a wide range of secondary metabolites high in nutritional and therapeutic value. In the present study, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Shaishi) shoot-tip-induced callus was used to establish cell suspension cultures in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium containing 1.5 mg L-1 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) and 10 mg L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). To study the growth kinetics, cultures were maintained for 12 weeks during which weekly measurements were carried out to determine the biomass accumulation based on packed cell volume (%), fresh weight and dry weight (g). In addition, weekly determination of polyphenols (catechin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin) was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The 11-week-old culture was found highest in the production of biomass (62.9 g L-1 fresh weight and 7.6 g L-1 dry weight) and polyphenols (catechin-155.9 µg L-1, caffeic acid-162.7 µg L-1, kaempferol-89.7 µg L-1, and apigenin-242.7 µg L-1) from the cell suspension cultures. This is the first report on the production of polyphenols from the cell suspension culture of date palm. This study facilitates further development of large-scale production of polyphenols and the utilization of bioreactors.

scholarly journals Impact of Salinity Stress on Germination and Growth of Pea (Pisum sativum L) Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
Amal F Ehtaiwwesh ◽  
Munira J Emsahel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Germination And Growth

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of salinity stress on germination and growth of pea (Pisum sativum L) plants. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on germination and growth of pea Pisum sativum L plant. Seeds of pea were sown in Petri dishes and pots and treated with four different levels of salinity (0, 50, 100, and 150mM NaCl) with completely randomized designs in four replications. Results revealed that seeds of pea were able to germinate at low salinity levels (NaCl 50mM NaCl) without a significant decrease in germination and growth traits, at the same time as a severe decrease in those traits were recorded at higher levels of salinity (100 and 150mM NaCl). The results indicated that seed germination and seedling establishment were inhibited due to the decrease of water potential, which results in the decline in water uptake by seeds, and seed germination was prevented by a high level of salinity stress (150mM NaCl). The results pointed out that germination percentage (GP), mean daily germination (MDG), germination speed (GS), and vigor index (SVI) varied under moderate and high salinity levels. All the studied parameters were reduced with increasing the NaCl level. The max and min GP, MDG, GS, and SVI were observed under control conditions (0mM NaCl) and highest salinity level (150mM NaCl) respectively. The same trend was seen in plant growth traits including: plant height, branch number, leaf number, leaf area, and shoot fresh and dry weight. The results provided important reference information for research on the impact of salinity on germination and growth of pea.

scholarly journals Relative Salt Tolerance of Seven Japanese Spirea Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-373
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Wang ◽  
Liqin Li ◽  
Youping Sun ◽  
Xin Dai
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Salt Damage ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Saline Solutions

Spirea (Spiraea sp.) plants are commonly used in landscapes in Utah and the intermountain western United States. The relative salt tolerance of seven japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica) cultivars (Galen, Minspi, NCSX1, NCSX2, SMNSJMFP, Tracy, and Yan) were evaluated in a greenhouse. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m−1 (control) or saline solutions with an EC of 3.0 or 6.0 dS·m−1 once per week for 8 weeks. At 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment, all japanese spirea cultivars irrigated with saline solution with an EC of 3.0 dS·m−1 still exhibited good or excellent visual quality, with all plants having visual scores of 4 or 5 (0 = dead, 1 = severe foliar salt damage, 2 = moderate foliar salt damage, 3 = slight foliar salt damage, 4 = minimal foliar salt damage, 5 = excellent), except for Tracy and Yan, with only 29% and 64%, respectively, of plants with visual scores less than 3. When irrigated with saline solution with an EC of 6.0 dS·m−1, both ‘Tracy’ and ‘Yan’ plants died, and 75% of ‘NCSX2’ plants died. ‘Minspi’ showed severe foliar salt damage, with 32% of plants having a visual score of 1; 25% of plants died. ‘Galen’ and ‘NCSX1’ had slight-to-moderate foliar salt damage, with 25% and 21%, respectively, of plants with visual scores of 2 or less. However, 64% of ‘SMNSJMFP’ plants had good or excellent visual quality, with visual scores more than 4. Saline irrigation water with an EC of 3.0 dS·m−1 decreased the shoot dry weight of ‘Galen’, ‘Minspi’, ‘SMNSJMFP’, and ‘Yan’ by 27%, 22%, 28%, and 35%, respectively, compared with that of the control. All japanese spirea cultivars had 35% to 56% lower shoot dry weight than the control when they were irrigated with saline irrigation water with an EC of 6.0 dS·m−1. The japanese spirea were moderately sensitive to the salinity levels in this experiment. ‘Galen’ and ‘SMNSJMFP’ japanese spirea exhibited less foliar salt damage and reductions in shoot dry weight and were relatively more tolerant to the increased salinity levels tested in this study than the remaining five cultivars (Minspi, NCSX1, NCSX2, Tracy, and Yan).

scholarly journals Magnetic Fields Induce Changes in Photosynthetic Pigments Content in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seedlings

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten Dhawi ◽  
Jameel M. Al-Khayri
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Alternating Magnetic Field ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
The Impact

Growth, development and plants productivity are usually affected by photosynthetic pigments activity. Magnetic fields are known to induce biochemical changes and could be used as a stimulator for growth related reactions including affecting photosynthetic pigments. The impact of magnetic field strengths on chlorophyll and carotenoids were investigated in this study through the use of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seedlings. To study the effects of magnetic treatments on photosynthetic pigments, date palm seedlings were exposed to magnetic fields in two experiments. In the first experiment, seedlings were treated with static magnetic field at three levels of (10, 50 and 100 mT) and different durations (30, 60, 180, 240 and 360 min). At the second experiment, seedlings were treated with alternating magnetic field at 1.5 T for different durations (1, 5, 10 and 15 min). The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total pigments) were assayed using spectrophotometric methods. Results indicated that pigments content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total pigments) was significantly increased under static magnetic field. The highest measurements were recorded at 100 mT, after 360 min of exposure. On the other hand, alternating magnetic field has decreased photosynthetic pigments content after 10 min of treatment with 1.5 T. Low magnetic field doses had a simulative effect on photosynthetic pigments whereas high doses had a negative effect. Chlorophyll a and carotenoids were more affected than chlorophyll b. Magnetic fields treatment could be used to enhance plant growth and productivity.

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