scholarly journals PASSAGE OF WHEAT FIRE IMPACT ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND ENVIRONMENT IN KURDISTAN REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-470
Author(s):  
Tariq & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Surface Burn ◽  
Effect Of Surface

The study was conducted to examine the effect of surface burn severity (Moderate, Severe and Unburned) of wheat straw on soil properties. The results showed statistical differences in some soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Bulk density and field capacity increased statistically by the severity of fire; however, porosity and infiltration rate were statistically lower in sever burned plot when compared to unburned plot. The chemical properties, soil organic matter (SOM), P, Ca, S, Cl, K, Mo, Fe and As were not affected by the fire. The pH value was increased slightly by increasing the fire severity, while, EC was decreased when compared with the unburned plot. It was found a statistical reduction in the number of bacterial and fungal cells per gram soil in the burned plots. A moderate and severe fire reduced seed germination percentage significantly. This finding suggests that fire severity may destruct the biological, physical and some of the chemical properties of the soil, and this may impact negatively on plant growth in the next growing season.

scholarly journals Peran Limbah Bahan Organik Pada Lubang Resapan Biopori Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah Di Lahan Pasca Tambang

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Raziv Rahman ◽  
Emmy Sri Mahreda ◽  
Basir Basir ◽  
Bdaruddin Badaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Biopore infiltration hole are hole made for run-off flow which if allowed to cause erosion and can remove the topsoil, causing soil fertility to be reduced. The use of biopori infiltration holes can be maximized by adding organic matters into the hope that in addition to absorbing water it can increase soil fertility. The liquid waste of tofu and meranti litter is an organic matters are used in this study, by adding organic matters to the biopori hole. This study aims to look at the effect of providing organic matters in the biopore hole derived from tofu and litter liquid waste on the value of pH, C-Organic, and post-mining CEC. This study was an experimental study in the field using a completely randomized design of one factor, namely organic matters with six levels, namely without organic matters and using 25 g, 50 g, 75 g, and 100 gr organic matters given to the biopori hole in incubation for one month later Soil samples taken were analyzed for pH, C-organic, and CEC. The results showed that the treatment only affected the soil's pH value. Organic material provided in the biopori hole is thought to have not completely decomposed, causing the soil around the biopori infiltration hole to remain acidic. The acidity of the soil is due to the gases produced during the decomposition process. Changes in soil pH ranged from 4.36 to 4.65 by administering 75g of organic matters from tofu liquid waste and meranti litter. This research is useful in post-mining land reclamation in increasing soil fertility, with the improvement of soil chemical properties such as pH will slowly improve the physical and biological properties of the soil so that it can be used as cultivation land.

scholarly journals A Critical-Systematic Review of the Interactions of Biochar with Soils and the Observable Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13726
Author(s):  
Jackson Nkoh Nkoh ◽  
M. Abdulaha-Al Baquy ◽  
Shamim Mia ◽  
Renyong Shi ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel Kamran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Meta Analyses

Biochar research has experienced a significant increase in the recent two decades. It is growing quickly, with hundreds of reviews, including meta-analyses, that have been published reporting diverse effects of biochar on soil properties and plant performance. However, an in-depth synthesis of biochar–soil interactions at the molecular level is not available. For instance, in many meta-analyses, the effects of biochar on soil properties and functions were summarized without focusing on the specificity of the biochar and soil properties. When applied to soils, biochar interacts with different soil components including minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and nutrients, while it also changes soil microbial community structure and their occurrence. These different interactions modify soil physicochemical properties with consequences for dynamic changes in nutrient availability and, thus, plant performance. This review systematically analyzed biochar effects on soil properties and functions: (a) soil physical properties; (b) chemical properties; (c) biological properties; and (d) functions (plant performance, nutrient cycling, etc.). Our synthesis revealed that the surface properties of biochar (specific surface area and charge) and its associated nutrient content determine its role in the soil. At the same time, the extent of changes depends on soil properties, suggesting that both biochar and soil properties need to be considered for harvesting benefits of biochar application. Altogether, we believe our synthesis will provide a guide for researchers and practitioners for future research as well as large-scale field applications.

scholarly journals Impact of calcification on potato yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Midhat Glavić ◽  
Amir Zenunović
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Clay Ground ◽  
Properties Of Soil

By seed surfaces according to the information the Federal Bureau of Statistics and the Institute of Statistics Republic of Srpska of the total area under vegetables potatoes occupies 57% sowing area, so that after the corn and wheat, potatoes the most important agricultural plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most are lighter types of land - permeable, loose, sandy-humus and sandy-clay ground with crumb structure, rich in mineral and organic matter, with favorable water – air characteristics. Does not match his tough swampy lands with a high level of underground water. Tolerate acid soil reaction, and the optimum pH is 5,4-6,5. Given that the area of Tuzla canton mainly acid soil with pH values from 4.5 to 5.5 made the production of a sample on the plot that had a pH value of 4.6 as a material for the reparation of land or quality of calcification was Fertdolomit in order to increase in pH, after you apply Fertdolomit analysis has found that the increased pH value to 5.8. Calcification is a measure of repair of chemical properties of soil, primarily reducing its acidity, ie. bringing the pH value to the optimum level for the cultivation of certain plant species calcium use of fertilizers. At the same time, this measure of the repair water-air, mechanical, physical and biological properties of soil. Reflected in the potatoes plant in four different variants: the control, with the use of 40 t / ha of manure, the use of 40 t / ha manure and NPK 7:20:30 400 kg / ha and the use of manure 40 t / ha, NPK 7:20: 30 in the amount of 400 kg / ha with supplements Fertdolomit in the amount of 3 t / ha. The results reflected a big point to the importance of calcification in the production of potatoes.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Carbon Stocks in a Forest Ecosystem at Different Successional Stages in Leyte, Philippines

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
Anane Sereñina ◽  
◽  
Suzette Lina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Lower Bulk Density ◽  
Soc Stocks

Forests play a vital role in the global carbon cycle since these are sources and sinks of carbon. This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in soil carbon stocks and some essential nutrients of different succession stages in two different soil types in Leyte Province. A space-fortime substitution approach was done in this study. Measurements of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soils were done following standard methods. The sites were characterized as Ultisol (Site 1 – Baybay, Leyte) and Andisol (Site 2 – Ormoc City). Results showed no significant differences among all the soil properties in the different forest succession stages in each site. However, variation in soil properties between sites was clearly observed. Site 2 had higher soil porosity and water holding capacity, but had lower bulk density than Site 1. Soils in Site 2 were more acidic, had higher total organic carbon, total N, and CEC but had pot, lower exchangeable bases and CEC than in Site 1. Both sites had low eff available P. The C:N ratios in all forest successions were significantly lower in Site 1 than in Site 2. This conforms to the results of substrate-induced respiration, where Site 1 was more active in CO evolution than Site 2. 2 Moreover, the soils in Site 2 significantly contained more SOC stocks (108- -1 -1 180 Mg C ha ) than in Site 1 (49-76 Mg C ha ). However, SOC stocks did not vary significantly in both sites. This result implies that the determination of soil physico-chemical properties is important in evaluating the changes of C:N ratios as well as of SOC stocks. In this study, Andisols had higher potential in storing organic C than Ultisols.

scholarly journals Potential of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as Compost and its Effect on Soil and Plant Properties: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Rasmiya Begum ◽  
S.M.M.S. Himaya ◽  
S.M.M.S. Afreen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Area Index

Water hyacinth, the devastating weed grows in water bodies either naturally or as a result of human interference, is considered as threat to environment due to its negative effects on aquatic ecosystems. To alleviate its negative impact utilization of those become as better mean in recent decades. As such, water hyacinth is known to has potential to be utilized as nutrient source via composting, all most all types of composting techniques are applicable in preparation of compost from water hyacinth. Being an organic source, water hyacinth helps build up soil organic matter, in turn play vital role in the enrichment of the soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Aggregation of soil particles, porosity, density, water holding capacity, nutrient availability, cation exchange capacity, pH, soil microorganism are the soil properties reported to improve with water hyacinth compost application. Moreover, water hyacinth compost seems to be far better than the animal manures in improvement of soil properties. As a result, water hyacinth compost shows magnificent effect of plant agronomic growth parameters such as germination percentage, number of leaves, leaf area index, plant height, length of shoot and root, root: shoot ratio, biomass content as well as yield parameters. However, utilization of water hyacinth has few challenges like difficulties in harvesting, chance for heavy metal accumulation, hardness during decomposition, less awareness. Properly managed water hyacinth compost would serve as an alternative for inorganic nutrient sources in future thus indirectly the threat caused by this aquatic weed on environmental would become minimum.

scholarly journals Livestock Manure and the Impacts on Soil Health: A Review

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Natasha Rayne ◽  
Lawrence Aula
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Livestock Manure

Soil health is the capacity of the soil to provide an environment for optimum growth and development of plants, while also ensuring the health of animals and humans. Animal manure has been used for centuries as a source of nutrients in agriculture. However, many other soil properties that contribute to soil health are affected when manure is applied. Bulk density, aggregate stability, infiltration, water holding capacity, soil fertility, and biological properties are impacted to various degrees with manure application. The goal of this paper was to compile the research findings on the effects of various livestock manure types on soil fertility, soil physical properties, soil biology and the yield of various cereal crops. Specifically, this paper summarizes results for poultry, cattle, and swine manure used in various cropping systems. Although there are conflicting results in the literature with regards to the effect of manure on various soil properties, the literature offers convincing evidence of beneficial impacts of manure on soil and the growth of crops. The degree to which manure affects soil depends on the physical and chemical properties of the manure itself and various management and environmental factors including rate and timing of application, soil type, and climate.

scholarly journals Landscape scale survey of indicators of soil health in grazing systems

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Damsma ◽  
M. T. Rose ◽  
T. R. Cavagnaro
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Grazing Systems

In a broad-scale survey across pasture-based grazing systems in south-eastern Victoria, soil biological and chemical properties were measured in an effort to establish baseline levels for commonly used indicators of soil health. Although soil properties were highly variable among sites and biological properties were difficult to predict, total soil C was found to be closely associated with soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). Importantly, the strength and nature of relationships between soil properties differed among soil textural classes. We also measured a range of soil and vegetation properties in a small number of patches of remnant vegetation and their adjacent grazed pastures. This was done in an effort to assess the sensitivity of these measures when used on samples collected from strongly contrasting land-use types. Although some factors, such as mycorrhizal colonisation of roots and soil C, did differ between the two land-use types, other factors measured in this study did not. Together, the findings of this survey provide baseline information on the landscape scale for commonly used indicators of soil health. The study explores relationships between these soil properties and assesses how they differ between two strongly contrasting land-use types. The results are discussed in the context of monitoring soil and vegetation attributes relevant to soil health.

scholarly journals The Effect of Repeated Prescribed Burning on Soil Properties: A Review

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Teresa Fontúrbel ◽  
Noela Carrera ◽  
José Antonio Vega ◽  
Cristina Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Forest Fuels

Prescribed burning is a tool that is frequently used for various land management objectives, mainly related to reduction of hazardous forest fuels, habitat management and ecological restoration. Given the crucial role of soil in forest ecosystem processes and functions, assessing the effects of prescribed burning on soil is particularly relevant. This study reviews research on the impacts of repeated prescribed burning on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. The available information shows that the effects are highly variable, rather inconsistent and generally minor for most of the soil characteristics studied, while a number of soil properties show contrasting responses. On the other hand, ecosystem characteristics, differences in fire severity, frequency of application and the cumulative effect of treatment repetition over time, have possibly made it more difficult to find a more common response in soil attributes. Our study has also revealed some limitations of previous research that may have contributed to this result, including a limited number of long-term studies, conducted at a few experimental sites, and in a limited number of forest ecosystems. Research issues concerning the effects of prescribed fire on soil are presented. The need to integrate such research into a broader interdisciplinary framework, encompassing the role of the fire regime on ecosystem functions and processes, is also highlighted.

scholarly journals Effects of No-Tillage and Conventional Tillage on Physical and Hydraulic Properties of Fine Textured Soils under Winter Wheat

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Castellini ◽  
Francesco Fornaro ◽  
Pasquale Garofalo ◽  
Luisa Giglio ◽  
Michele Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects

The conversion from conventional tillage (CT) to no-tillage (NT) of the soil is often suggested for positive long-term effects on several physical and hydraulic soil properties. In fact, although shortly after the conversion a worsening of the soil may occur, this transition should evolve in a progressive improvement of soil properties. Therefore, investigations aiming at evaluating the effects of NT on porous media are advisable, since such information may be relevant to better address the farmers’ choices to this specific soil conservation management strategy. In this investigation, innovative and standard methods were applied to compare CT and NT on two farms where the conversion took place 6 or 24 years ago, respectively. Regardless of the investigated farm, results showed negligible differences in cumulative infiltration or infiltration rate, soil sorptivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, conductive pores size, or hydraulic conductivity functions. Since relatively small discrepancies were also highlighted in terms of bulk density or soil organic carbon, it was possible to conclude that NT did not have a negative impact on the main physical and hydraulic properties of investigated clay soils. However, a significantly higher number of small pores was detected under long-term NT compared to CT, so we concluded that the former soil was a more conductive pore system, i.e., consisting of numerous relatively smaller pores but continuous and better interconnected. Based on measured capacity-based indicators (macroporosity, air capacity, relative field capacity, plant available water capacity), NT always showed a more appropriate proportion of water and air in the soil.

scholarly journals ​Influence of Formulated Palm Mill Effluent and Bat Guano Mixture on Maize Performance and Soil Chemical Properties in Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Ojobor ◽  
O.F. Omovie-Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Liquid Effluent ◽  
Bat Guano

Background: Utilization of palm mill liquid effluent and bat guano as organic fertilizer was initiated in year 2019 and 2020. The palm oil mill effluent and bat guano were used to produce compost and was tested on maize and soil properties in Asaba, Delta State. Methods: The compost was applied at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 ton/ha and replicated four times in randomized complete block design for two years. Plant height, leaf area, stem girth were assessed at maturity whereas yield parameters and soil chemical properties measured at harvest. Data collected were analysed with analysis of variance and means separated with Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% level of probability. Result: Compost significantly increased maize yields and soil properties. The 10 t/ha gave the highest dry matter yield (22.1±2.71 and 36.2±7.47 t/ha), weight of 1000 grains (324±41.0 and 364±63.3) and grain yield (5.2±1.04 and 6.4±1.61 t/ha) in both years, respectively. It also, had the highest soil pH value, organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus. The palm mill liquid effluent and bat guano mixtures have the potentials to be used as organic fertilizer for maize production.

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