ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENCE OF DIGITAL EYE STRAIN AMONG DIGITAL SCREEN USERS IN SETTING OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Nidhi Nidhi ◽  
Ashish Kumar Sharma ◽  
Priya Priya ◽  
Prakash Kumar ◽  
Shambhu Suman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Digital Device ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Ocular Surface Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Usage

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of the increased digital device usage and its ocular surface health implications along with circadian rhythm abnormalities related to digital eye strain during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A validated questionnaire was provided to all the participants and various symptoms people experienced were analyzed. Dry eye tests were performed in all the study subjects. RESULTS: A total of 256 participants were included of which 88.3% of subjects reported an increase in their screen time since the onset of pandemic. The average increase in digital device usage was calculated at about 4.4 ± 1.9 h per day. The total usage per day was found to be7.85 ± 3.63 hours. Sleep disturbances have been reported by 59.8% of participants. Typically, 93% of respondents had experienced at least one symptom related to digital device usage, and 66.4% said that the frequency and intensity of these symptoms increased since the pandemic started. Dry eye diagnosed clinically by Schirmer's test was present in 18.8 % of participants. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the increase in usage of digital devices after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic leading to increase in digital eye strain across all age groups.

scholarly journals 0915 Sleep Patterns and the Effect of Late Bedtime on School-Age Children and Adolescents: Preliminary Results

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A348-A348
Author(s):  
P Matsangas ◽  
S Gratsia ◽  
A Cocos ◽  
H Vastardis ◽  
N L Shattuck
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Deficit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction School-age children (6-13yrs) and teenagers (14-17yrs) should receive 9-11hrs and 8-10hrs of sleep/day, respectively. Several studies have shown, however, that these age groups are chronically sleep deprived. Our study assessed the sleep patterns of a sample of children and teenagers in Athens, Greece. The study is part of a larger project investigating the association between orthodontic treatment and sleep disturbances. Methods Participants (N=27; 69% females; 21 school-age children 9-13yrs, 6 teenagers 14-17yrs) were under treatment in the Orthodontic Clinic of the National and Kapodistrian University. Sleep was assessed with actigraphy/logs for 59±19 days. Results Participants slept on average 7.36±0.42hrs/day. Nighttime sleep was on average 7.23±0.43hrs (percentage sleep: 87.3%±3.38%). Four (14.8%) participants napped at least once/week. Compared to the lowest sleep duration recommended for their age group, participants showed a chronic sleep deficit of 1.42±0.52hrs/day (range: 0.32-2.15hrs). The younger age group had an average sleep deficit of ~1.6hrs compared to ~0.8hrs for the teenagers (p=0.006). During the school year, daily sleep duration increased by ~0.73hrs on weekends (7.78±0.67hrs) compared to school nights (7.05±0.48hrs; p<0.001). On average, school-age participants slept from 23:13 (±31min) until 7:19 (±22min) on school nights and from 23:23 (±2:72hrs) until 8:49 (±39min) on weekends. Teenagers slept from 00:34 (±36min) until 7:40 (±14min) on school nights and from 01:34 (±41min) until 10:34 (±48min) on weekends. Conclusion Our findings verify earlier survey results showing that restricted sleep is a problem for children and adolescents in Greece. To our surprise, both age groups go to bed quite late. The impact of late bedtime on sleep duration, however, is larger in the younger group due to their larger sleep needs. In contrast to earlier research in rural areas, napping was not common in our urban sample, probably due to extracurricular activities and studying at home. Support N/A

scholarly journals Influence of Mobile Phones on Visual Performance of Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 2748-2751
Author(s):  
Priti Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Neck And Shoulder Pain ◽  
Remarkable Result ◽  
Senior Secondary ◽  
The Impact

To analyze and describe the quantitative data of a especially designed well structured questionnaire to survey the influence of mobile phones on students eyes among the students of a senior secondary school. 1.2-Design-A prospective descriptive non comparative cross-section study. 1.3-Method-100 students are included in this study [50 boys and 50 girls]. After explanation of nature of the impact on eye sight to the students .they fulfilled a specially design form for survey which included 21 questions of high validity and reliability. 1.3-Results-the most remarkable result in this study was recording that 88% of the students sample was used to spend 5 hours or more on a daily basis. Thus, were complaining of one or more of manifestation. Dry eye, headache, blurred vision, eye strain, neck and shoulder pain, fatigue and eye redness were recorded in 30%,24%,33%,20%,23%,14% and 29% respectively. 1.4-Conclusion -This study proved that there are a number of factor that determine the amount of strain on your body feels as work on you work on a mobile phone or other digital devices, including lightening in the room, distance from the screen ,posture, and angle of your head -not to mention and existing vision problems you may have. This study recorded that dry eye, blurred vision, eye strain headache, were the most common symptoms while using smart phones.

scholarly journals Digital eye strain: prevalence, measurement and amelioration

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L Sheppard ◽  
James S Wolffsohn
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Flicker Fusion Frequency ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Management Approaches

Digital device usage has increased substantially in recent years across all age groups, so that extensive daily use for both social and professional purposes is now normal. Digital eye strain (DES), also known as computer vision syndrome, encompasses a range of ocular and visual symptoms, and estimates suggest its prevalence may be 50% or more among computer users. Symptoms fall into two main categories: those linked to accommodative or binocular vision stress, and external symptoms linked to dry eye. Although symptoms are typically transient, they may be frequent and persistent, and have an economic impact when vocational computer users are affected. DES may be identified and measured using one of several available questionnaires, or objective evaluations of parameters such as critical flicker–fusion frequency, blink rate and completeness, accommodative function and pupil characteristics may be used to provide indices of visual fatigue. Correlations between objective and subjective measures are not always apparent. A range of management approaches exist for DES including correction of refractive error and/or presbyopia, management of dry eye, incorporating regular screen breaks and consideration of vergence and accommodative problems. Recently, several authors have explored the putative role of blue light-filtering spectacle lenses on treating DES, with mixed results. Given the high prevalence of DES and near-universal use of digital devices, it is essential that eye care practitioners are able to provide advice and management options based on quality research evidence.

scholarly journals The Impact of Digital Education Tools on the Well-being of Secondary School Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
NO Berezina ◽  
MI Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Safety Skills ◽  
School Students ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
The Impact

Background: The relevance of scientific research on the impact of digital devices on the well-being of schoolchildren is proved by high prevalence rates of school-related diseases in secondary school students. Our objective was to study various aspects of schoolchildren's vital activities associated with the use of digital devices and to assess their influence on the well-being of teenagers. Materials and methods: In 2019, we conducted an anonymous questionnaire- based survey of 121 sixth to ninth graders (13–15 years of age) of a Moscow school. Results: In 70.0% of the teenagers, a long-term use of digital devices was accompanied by various subjective health complaints including visual disturbances, musculoskeletal disorders attributed to excessive static loads, and nervous system disorders caused by information overload. We observed significant changes in life activities of the respondents: up to 39.0% reported going to bed after midnight and almost 70.0% reported sleeping less than 8 hours; we also noted a general decrease in the amount of time spent outdoors. Less than 32% of the school teens observed the rules of a safe use of digital devices. Conclusions: Two and more hours of using a tablet or a laptop on school days were typical of 39.0%–47.0% of the teenagers while on weekends the rate of those using the laptop more than 4 hours daily increased by 3.6 times. More than half of adolescents (up to 55.7%) reported four or more hours of a smartphone use daily. Sleep disturbances were more frequent among smartphone than in personal computer users (31.7% against 17.0%, p<0.05). Our findings indicate the necessity to pay serious attention to organization of rational leisure activities of adolescents and availability of various attractive forms of physical activity in order to reduce risks of health disorders. Development of sustainable safety skills and culture of the digital device use at school and at home remains relevant among schoolchildren.

Trends in Dietary Intake of Vitamins A, C, and E in German Children and Adolescents – Results of the DONALD Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexy ◽  
Kersting ◽  
Sichert-Hellert
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
The Impact

Intake of vitamins A, C, and E was evaluated and age and time trends were assessed on the basis of 3-day weighed dietary records (n = 5121) of 2- to 18-year old boys (n = 417) and girls (n = 425) enrolled in the DONALD Study (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study) 1986–2001. Intake of vitamin A remains stable over time, intake of vitamin C increases linearly, and intake of vitamin E follows a nonlinear trend. Age trends of vitamins A and C (per MJ) were nonlinear with a minimum at the beginning adolescence, while intake of vitamin E (per MJ) increased linearly. Girls had higher nutrient densities but lower intakes expressed as percent of reference values. Fortified food in total had a higher impact on time trends of nutrient intake than other single food groups defined here. Our results point to the impact of the food industry on long-term nutrient intake, but also underline the necessity of nutrition education even in young age groups to improve vitamin intake.

Unemployment as an indicator of economic security in the employment sector: A regional dimension

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-729
Author(s):  
T.N. Savina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Band Theory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Subject. To achieve a high level of economic security is a key priority of national development. Employment reveals one of the most important aspects of social development of the individual that is associated with his or her needs satisfaction in the sphere of employment and is boon to economic security. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to show the impact of unemployment on economic security in employment. Methods. I apply such scientific methods as dialectical, historical and logical unity, structural and functional analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. The methods of multivariate statistical and comparative analysis serve as a methodological basis of the study. To determine the indicator of unemployment, I use the band theory. Results. I underpin the growing role of employment in ensuring economic security. The paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the unemployment status and a comparative analysis of the indicator in the Republic of Mordovia, the Volga Federal District, and the Russian Federation as a whole. I identify trends in the average duration of unemployment, show the distribution of unemployed by level of education and age groups. Conclusions. The average annual unemployment rate in the Republic of Mordovia is lower than in Russia and the Volga Federal District. The findings may be useful for public authorities to substantiate their employment policy at both macro- and meso-levels, for designing programs and strategies for socio-economic development of regions and the social security doctrine, as well as in practical activities of employment services.

Assessment of parental knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotic use in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Thejaswini Karanth ◽  
Someswar Deb ◽  
Lal Ruatpuii Zadeng ◽  
Rajeswari Ramasamy ◽  
Teena Nazeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Case Report Form ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Objective to assess the impact of pharmacist assisted counselling in improving Parental Knowledge, Attitude and Practice [KAP] towards antibiotic use in children. A Prospective, Educational Interventional Study was conducted in 200 subjects, from the randomly chosen communities in Bangalore. The investigators did door to door visit. The primary demographics data of parents and their children were collected using standard Case Report Form (CRF), and the baseline towards antibiotic use in Children was obtained from parents using validated Questionnaire. In the presence of both parents, only one was supposed to answer the Questionnaire. Pharmacist assisted parent centred interventional counselling was provided with the help of Patient Information Leaflet1s (PIL). Follow-up and post interventional KAP assessment were done after two months from the baseline measurement. The changes in parental KAP towards antibiotics use in children were being assessed by comparing the Pretest and Posttest responses using statistical analysis. The knowledge of parents towards antibiotic use in children was medium to good in the baseline KAP assessment; however, in the majority of the participating parents it was not satisfactory in attitude and practice domains. A statistically significant improvement was seen in the KAP of parents towards antibiotic use in children after the pharmacist assisted interventional counselling. Thus, Investigators could bring excellent changes in the knowledge part; whereas the result for changes in the Attitude and Practice was good to medium respectively.

Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Pregnant Women: A Review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Habeeb ◽  
Manju Chugani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID‐19) is a global public health emergency.Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the infection has spread at an alarming rate across the globe and humans have been locked down to their countries, cities and homes. As of now, the virus has affected over 20million people globally and has inflicted over 7 lac deaths. Nevertheless, the recovery rate is improving with each passing day and over 14 million people have recuperated so far. The statistics indicate that nobody is immune to the disease as the virus continues to spread among all age groups; newborns to the elders, and all compartmentsincluding pregnant women. However, pregnant women may be more susceptible to this infection as they are, in general, highly vulnerable to respiratory infections. There is no evidence for vertical transmission of the COVID-19 virus among pregnant women, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries. Besides this, the COVID-19 may alter immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and affect the well-being of mothers as well as infants. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence available in the open literature regarding coronavirus infection during pregnancy and it now appears that certain pregnant women have infected during the present 2019-nCoV pandemic. In this short communication, we study the impact of the COVID-19 infection on vertical transmission and fetal outcome among pregnant women.

The Health of Refugees

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Refugee Health ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Media ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective ◽  
The Impact

There have been significant changes in the numbers, patterns, and circumstances of refugees and in the political landscape to support humanitarianism since the publication of the first edition of this collection. Like the first edition, this volume provides a multidisciplinary perspective on refugee health, tracing the health repercussions on individuals and populations from the drivers of forced mass movements of populations from situations of conflict and other disasters through to the process of resettlement in countries other than their countries of origin. Drawing on the expertise of academics, practitioners, and UN frontline experts, the collection covers three main aspects of refugee health: the concepts, definitions, and context from a human rights, humanitarianism, and social determinants of health perspective; the intersection of vulnerabilities across age groups and settings; and the ethical challenges for practitioners and researchers working with forcibly displaced populations seeking to resettle. The collection concludes with an analysis of the role of the media in shaping our perceptions of refugees and the impact on policy and access to care.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Kumari ◽  
Madhuri Dandamudi ◽  
Sweta Rani ◽  
Elke Behaeghel ◽  
Gautam Behl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ophthalmic Formulation

Dry eye disease (DED) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a chronic multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface caused by tear film dysfunction. Symptoms include dryness, irritation, discomfort and visual disturbance, and standard treatment includes the use of lubricants and topical steroids. Secondary inflammation plays a prominent role in the development and propagation of this debilitating condition. To address this we have investigated the pilot scale development of an innovative drug delivery system using a dexamethasone-encapsulated cholesterol-Labrafac™ lipophile nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based ophthalmic formulation, which could be developed as an eye drop to treat DED and any associated acute exacerbations. After rapid screening of a range of laboratory scale pre-formulations, the chosen formulation was prepared at pilot scale with a particle size of 19.51 ± 0.5 nm, an encapsulation efficiency of 99.6 ± 0.5%, a PDI of 0.08, and an extended stability of 6 months at 4 °C. This potential ophthalmic formulation was observed to have high tolerability and internalization capacity for human corneal epithelial cells, with similar behavior demonstrated on ex vivo porcine cornea studies, suggesting suitable distribution on the ocular surface. Further, ELISA was used to study the impact of the pilot scale formulation on a range of inflammatory biomarkers. The most successful dexamethasone-loaded NLC showed a 5-fold reduction of TNF-α production over dexamethasone solution alone, with comparable results for MMP-9 and IL-6. The ease of formulation, scalability, performance and biomarker assays suggest that this NLC formulation could be a viable option for the topical treatment of DED.

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