scholarly journals Influence of Mobile Phones on Visual Performance of Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 2748-2751
Author(s):  
Priti Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Neck And Shoulder Pain ◽  
Remarkable Result ◽  
Senior Secondary ◽  
The Impact

To analyze and describe the quantitative data of a especially designed well structured questionnaire to survey the influence of mobile phones on students eyes among the students of a senior secondary school. 1.2-Design-A prospective descriptive non comparative cross-section study. 1.3-Method-100 students are included in this study [50 boys and 50 girls]. After explanation of nature of the impact on eye sight to the students .they fulfilled a specially design form for survey which included 21 questions of high validity and reliability. 1.3-Results-the most remarkable result in this study was recording that 88% of the students sample was used to spend 5 hours or more on a daily basis. Thus, were complaining of one or more of manifestation. Dry eye, headache, blurred vision, eye strain, neck and shoulder pain, fatigue and eye redness were recorded in 30%,24%,33%,20%,23%,14% and 29% respectively. 1.4-Conclusion -This study proved that there are a number of factor that determine the amount of strain on your body feels as work on you work on a mobile phone or other digital devices, including lightening in the room, distance from the screen ,posture, and angle of your head -not to mention and existing vision problems you may have. This study recorded that dry eye, blurred vision, eye strain headache, were the most common symptoms while using smart phones.

ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENCE OF DIGITAL EYE STRAIN AMONG DIGITAL SCREEN USERS IN SETTING OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Nidhi Nidhi ◽  
Ashish Kumar Sharma ◽  
Priya Priya ◽  
Prakash Kumar ◽  
Shambhu Suman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Digital Device ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Ocular Surface Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Usage

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of the increased digital device usage and its ocular surface health implications along with circadian rhythm abnormalities related to digital eye strain during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A validated questionnaire was provided to all the participants and various symptoms people experienced were analyzed. Dry eye tests were performed in all the study subjects. RESULTS: A total of 256 participants were included of which 88.3% of subjects reported an increase in their screen time since the onset of pandemic. The average increase in digital device usage was calculated at about 4.4 ± 1.9 h per day. The total usage per day was found to be7.85 ± 3.63 hours. Sleep disturbances have been reported by 59.8% of participants. Typically, 93% of respondents had experienced at least one symptom related to digital device usage, and 66.4% said that the frequency and intensity of these symptoms increased since the pandemic started. Dry eye diagnosed clinically by Schirmer's test was present in 18.8 % of participants. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the increase in usage of digital devices after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic leading to increase in digital eye strain across all age groups.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and Associated Ocular Problem in Young Population Of U.P, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 639-648
Author(s):  
Priti Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Through the technological development mobile phone entered in our lives which becoming the most commonly used technical device. The telecom technology (smart phones mainly) development has profound impact on lives of the students. It has more advantages, it enhance or improvise our knowledge , increase more activity in less time but sometimes it act as a harmful device by the excessive usage , on our young generation . It becomes adductor device in young population. Purpose- the main purpose of this study is used to find the impact on users -academic performance, daily activities, physical and mental health, social relationships, ocular problems, and withdrawal tendency. Design- This study is based on the young age group. A complete descriptive questionnaire based study. Method - Total 100 students were included in this study, mainly young age group between 18 to 25 years. 20 questions was structured in Google form and then sent to the student through their mobile phone. Their working hour on the smart phones, component of applications which were they most used. Result - This study proved the level of mobile phone addiction scale, their physical, mental and behavioral changes. Ocular problems found such as Dry eye, headache, blurred vision, eyestrain, neck and shoulder pain, fatigue and red eye also general health problem like pain in wrist, index finger, phalanges etc. Conclusion - the data collected from 100 students shows mobile addiction was determined to relate to withdrawal, tolerance and salience. The most common ocular causes was dry eye, blurred vision, eye strain, headache are recorded in this study. Keywords: Smartphone’s addiction, human machine interaction, mobile phones functions, increase impatience, daily life routine disturbance, behavioral changes.

Scale Development: Measuring Job-Family Incivility

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
W G S Mahalekamge ◽  
Nilakshi W K Galahitiyawe
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Workplace Incivility ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compound Effect

The main contribution of this paper is the development of the job-family incivility scale. This paper seeks to explore the complex inter-relationships between workplace incivility and family incivility dimensions of job-family incivility by examining the dynamic processes by which job-family incivility is initiated and sustained using a scale development approach. In doing so, the paper highlights the absence of valid and reliable measures that estimate the compound effect of workplace incivility and family incivility – referred to as job-family incivility. A scale development process introduced by Quazi et al. (2016) is presented and stages in the construction of the scale are discussed including measures of validity and reliability. The findings of the study demonstrate the validity and reliability of the job-family incivility scale developed by the current researchers. The main aims of this research are to emphasize the impact of workplace incivility and family incivility on the employees in the work environment, and to discuss the techniques that can be used to mitigate such detrimental activities.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Kumari ◽  
Madhuri Dandamudi ◽  
Sweta Rani ◽  
Elke Behaeghel ◽  
Gautam Behl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ophthalmic Formulation

Dry eye disease (DED) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a chronic multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface caused by tear film dysfunction. Symptoms include dryness, irritation, discomfort and visual disturbance, and standard treatment includes the use of lubricants and topical steroids. Secondary inflammation plays a prominent role in the development and propagation of this debilitating condition. To address this we have investigated the pilot scale development of an innovative drug delivery system using a dexamethasone-encapsulated cholesterol-Labrafac™ lipophile nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based ophthalmic formulation, which could be developed as an eye drop to treat DED and any associated acute exacerbations. After rapid screening of a range of laboratory scale pre-formulations, the chosen formulation was prepared at pilot scale with a particle size of 19.51 ± 0.5 nm, an encapsulation efficiency of 99.6 ± 0.5%, a PDI of 0.08, and an extended stability of 6 months at 4 °C. This potential ophthalmic formulation was observed to have high tolerability and internalization capacity for human corneal epithelial cells, with similar behavior demonstrated on ex vivo porcine cornea studies, suggesting suitable distribution on the ocular surface. Further, ELISA was used to study the impact of the pilot scale formulation on a range of inflammatory biomarkers. The most successful dexamethasone-loaded NLC showed a 5-fold reduction of TNF-α production over dexamethasone solution alone, with comparable results for MMP-9 and IL-6. The ease of formulation, scalability, performance and biomarker assays suggest that this NLC formulation could be a viable option for the topical treatment of DED.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Home Confinement in Children’s Refractive Errors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5347
Author(s):  
Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina ◽  
Clara Martinez-Perez ◽  
Cesar Villa-Collar ◽  
Cristina Andreu-Vázquez ◽  
Alicia Ruiz-Pomeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Near Work ◽  
The Impact

Background: Myopia is a public health problem, with estimations that 50% of the world population will be myopic by 2050. Some environmental factors, such as time spent outdoors, doing near work, and using digital devices, influence the development of myopia in children. Home confinement in Spain has increased these risk factors, so this study aims to investigate the impact of home confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak in the vision of school-aged children; Methods: A cross-sectional study in children between 5 and 7 years old that completed a visual screening and a questionnaire about their lifestyles at opticians in Spain in September and October of 2019 and 2020. Statistical analysis to compare lifestyles pre and post confinement, and vision in 2020 versus a similar cohort examined at the same opticians in 2019, was conducted; Results: Spanish children spent less time outdoors and more time doing near work in 2020 than in 2019 (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant decrease of the spherical equivalent (mean ± standard deviation; 0.66 ± 2.03 D in 2019 vs. 0.48 ± 1.81 D in 2020; p ≤ 0.001); Conclusions: Lifestyles of Spanish children changed during the home confinement at the beginning of 2020. Together with changes in their lifestyles, spherical equivalents have decreased, which implies higher figures of myopia for children aged between 5 and 7.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability testing of the Toddler and Infant (TANDI) Health Related Quality of Life instrument for very young children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Verstraete ◽  
Lebogang Ramma ◽  
Jennifer Jelsma
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Spearman's Rho ◽  
Spearman’S Rho ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Six Dimensions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Despite the high burden of disease in younger children there are few tools specifically designed to estimate Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in children younger than 3 years of age. A previous paper described the process of identifying a pool of items which might be suitable for measuring HRQoL of children aged 0–3 years. The current paper describes how the items were pruned and the final draft of the measure, Toddler and Infant (TANDI) Health Related Quality of Life, was tested for validity and reliability. Methods A sample of 187 caregivers of children 1–36 months of age were recruited which included children who were either acutely ill (AI), chronically ill (CI) or from the general school going population (GP). The TANDI, an experimental version of the EQ-5D-Y proxy, included six dimensions with three levels of report and general health measured on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) from 0 to 100. The content validity had been established during the development of the instrument. The TANDI, Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Faces, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolabilty (FLACC) or Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) and a self-designed dietary information questionnaire were administered at baseline. The TANDI was administered 1 week later in GP children to establish test-retest reliability. The distribution of dimension scores, Cronbach’s alpha, rotated varimax factor analysis, Spearman’s Rho Correlation, the intraclass correlation coefficient, Pearson’s correlation, analysis of variance and regression analysis were used to explore the reliability, and validity of the TANDI. Results Concurrent validity of the different dimensions was tested between the TANDI and other instruments. The Spearman’s Rho coefficients were significant and moderate to strong for dimensions of activity and participation and significant and weak for items of body functions. Known groups were compared and children with acute illness had the lowest ranked VAS (median 60, range 0–100), indicating worse HRQoL. The six dimensions of the TANDI were tested for internal consistency and reliability and the Cronbach’s α as 0.83. Test-retest results showed no variance for dimension scores of movement and play, and high agreement for pain (83%), relationships (87%), communication (83%) and eating (74%). The scores were highly correlated for the VAS (ICC = 0.76; p < 0.001). Conclusion The TANDI was found to be valid and reliable for use with children aged 1–36 months in South Africa. It is recommended that the TANDI be included in future research to further investigate HRQoL and the impact of interventions in this vulnerable age group. It is further recommended that future testing be done to assess the feasibility, clinical utility, and cross-cultural validity of the measure and to include international input in further development.

scholarly journals Mobile Teacher Professional Development (MTPD): Delving into English Teachers’ Beliefs in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-160
Author(s):  
Jepri Ali Saiful
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Teacher Professional Development ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Teachers Beliefs ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
Potential Use

In recent years, mobile phones have been used for teacher professional development (TPD). However, the potential use of smartphones, a current-generation of mobile phones, to develop teachers’ pedagogical, social, personal, and professional competences remains underexplored. This mixed methods study, examining the potential use of smartphones for TPD by delving into English teachers’ beliefs, employed a sequential explanatory approach. A quantitative survey was completed by 81 participants, followed by qualitative interviews with 8 selected participants. All the respondents were English teachers in elementary, junior, and senior high schools in 11 provinces in Indonesia. The survey was tested for validity and reliability, and analysed using the descriptive statistics method, while the semi-structured interview was analysed using the content analysis method. Almost all teachers had very favourable and favourable beliefs about the use of smartphones for TPD, perceiving that a smartphone could facilitate the enhancement of their pedagogical knowledge, communication skills, positive characters and English proficiency. Very few teachers had unfavourable beliefs, but among those who did, they believed traditional face-to-face TPD was more beneficial and that smartphones would only lead to addiction. This study recommends that smartphones be optimally applied by English teachers for TPD activities and that governments facilitate such implementation by constructing smartphone TPD models and applications.

Development and Validation of the Korean Rape Myth Acceptance Scale

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euna Oh ◽  
Helen Neville
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Rape Myth Acceptance ◽  
Rape Myth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Acceptance Scale ◽  
Attitudes Toward Sex ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Myth Acceptance

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a culturally relevant rape myth acceptance scale for Koreans. Three studies on the Korean Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (KRMAS) with approximately 1,000 observations provide initial validity and reliability. Specifically, results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses support four subscales: myths about rape survivors, rape perpetrators, the impact of rape, and rape as spontaneous. The KRMAS was validated with student and community samples and a factorial invariance analysis provided evidence for the factor structure across men and women. The KRMAS total score was positively related to the Attitudes Toward Sex Role Scale–Korean and the Acceptance of Violence Scale, indicating that greater endorsement of rape myth acceptance was related to greater levels of attitudes toward traditional sex roles and violence against women. Implications of the findings and future research directions are provided.

Effect of Technostress on academic productivity- E-engagement through persuasive communication

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Persuasive Communication ◽  
Academic Productivity ◽  
Digital Device ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Team Projects ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Management Students

The focus of most of the existing studies on technostress is with regard to working professionals. In spite of the explosion of digital device use in education, not many studies have identified its effects on students. This study examines the presence of technostress among management students aged 22-29 years. Using a sample of 300+ students of a management college of India, this study validates the technostress instrument. With the pandemic, education has seen a paradigm shift. Sessions including classes, interactions, discussions, team projects, assignments, examinations, have gone online and this has ushered the compulsion of spending more time with technology and digital devices (laptops, mobile phones, desktop etc). It examines the effect of technostress on academic productivity of students. The study further explores the students’ expectations from the college to control their technostress, thereby indicating the need of enhancing e-engagement through persuasive communication.

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