COMMON INFECTIONS IN PAEDIATRIC BURN INJURY WOUND

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Satish Gadade ◽  
Monali Sonawane
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Infections ◽  
Burn Patient

Introduction: The incidence of burns, their treatment and rehabilitation process have a considerably marked effect on children in both physical and psychological terms. Disruption of homeostatic and barrier functions leaves the underlying tissues highly susceptible to infection. Such local infections, when left unchecked, can quickly result in systemic infection. In the present study discussion on the common infections and the causative organism and its effect on the outcome of the burn patient studied. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study to nd out the common infection in burn injury wound and study the common factors precipitating complications in burn injury. Materials and Methods: The Data was collected from 86 paediatric patients less than 15 years admitted in GMC, Miraj, Maharashtra during the period from September 2014 to September 2016. The lab investigations were done periodically and as and when required, time to time including Hemoglobin, complete blood count, blood sugar level, blood urea level, serum creatinine, HIV Status, hepatitis B status and weakly wound swab culture were done. Observations and Results: In our study a total of 83 patients, almost 32(38.5%) of admitted patients had developed infections and the most common developed infection in the burning patient was wound infection. The most common organism isolated was Coagulase negative staphylococci 18 cases (21.7%) followed by klebsiella Pneumonia in 6 cases. No organisms seen in 51 cases. The coagulase negative staph sensitive to cefoxitin and klebsiella Pneumonia sensitive to imipanum. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria were the commonest pathogens followed by gram-positives and then fungi. In additional, MRSA was the commonest frequent gram-positive bacteria detected and it is the major cause for infection. Fungal and Gram-negative colonization more associated with higher TBSA burnt and prolonged hospitalization. We recommended that regular microbial surveillance of burn patient and hospital Environment microbiological surveillance of potential nosocomial pathogens indicated inanimate environment of patients should be done to nd out the presences of our pathogens which are contaminated

scholarly journals Epidemiology, resistant pathogens and main causes of early death of bloodstream infection in patients with hematological malignancies from 2012 to 2019 in a Chinese tertiary hospital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Mingmei Du ◽  
Honghua Li ◽  
Yunxi Liu ◽  
Daihong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Background: To investigate epidemiology, antibiotic-susceptibility of pathogens, and risk factors for mortality of bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients with hematological malignancies (HMs).Methods: Single-centre retrospective analysis of BSI episodes in patients with HMs in a Chinese tertiary hospital from 2012 to 2019.Results: Among 17,796 analyzed admissions, 508 BSI episodes (2.85%) were identified. Of the 522 isolates, 326 (62.45%) were Gram-negative bacteria, 173 (33.14%) were Gram-positive bacteria, and 23 (4.41%) were fungi. The incidence of BSI differed significantly among the patients with different HMs (P = 0.000): severe aplastic anemia (6.67%), acute leukemia (6.15%), myelodysplastic syndrome(3.22%), multiple myeloma (1.29%), and lymphoma (1.02%). Escherichia coli (30.65%, 160/522) was the most common pathogens, followed by Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (19.35%, 101/522) and Klebsiella pneumonia（9.96%, 52/522). The resistance rates of E. coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii to carbapenems were 6.42%, 15.00%, 27.78%, and 78.95%, respectively. All the Gram-positive pathogens were susceptible to linezolid, and 3 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus were isolated. The overall 14-day mortality was 9.84%. The mortality of BSI caused by A. baumannii was 73.86%, while caused by other pathogens was 7.36% (p=0.000). A multivariate analysis showed that age >65 years, A. baumannii and non-remission of the malignancy were independent predictors of 14-day mortality.Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria continued to be the most common pathogens causing BSIs in HM patients. An extensive multi-drug resistant baumanni with high mortality rate in HM patients made empirical antimicrobial choice a highly challenging issue.

Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis and Treatment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilson ◽  
Lynn L. Estes
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Viridans Streptococci ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Persistent Bacteremia ◽  
Microbiologic Diagnosis

• Viridans streptococci•Staphylococcus aureus• Enterococci• HACEK organisms• Same as native valves, plus• Coagulase-negative staphylococci• Fungi• Gram-negative rods (early postoperative period)The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) rests on demonstrated evidence of cardiac involvement and persistent bacteremia due to microorganisms that typically cause endocarditis. Establishing a microbiologic diagnosis is critical to therapeutic decisions. Every effort should be made to identify the causative organism....

scholarly journals PLATELET COUNT IN CULTURE POSITIVE NEONATAL SEPSIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH SPECIFIC CAUSATIVE ORGANISM- A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Siddu Charki ◽  
Trimal Kulkarni ◽  
Vijayakumar S Biradar ◽  
S S Kalyanshettar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
P Value ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Culture Positive

Introduction: In neonates admitted with sepsis, thrombocytopenia is one of the common hematological problems encountered. It is commonly seen in both gram negative and gram positive septicemia. Thrombocytopenia may be considered as an important early indicator in prediction of septicemia in neonates admitted in NICU. Methods: This study was conducted in Level IIB NICU of Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital Vijayapur, Karnataka. Study Design: Prospective Observational study was conducted. Study Duration: 1 year (Jan 2019 – Jan 2020). Inclusion Criteria: Neonates admitted in NICU with Culture Positive Sepsis were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Neonates with maternal history suggestive of placental insufficiency and low platelet counts and family history of bleeding disorders. Results: Out of 1250 admissions in NICU, 180 neonates had culture positive sepsis. Among 54% gram negative organisms, Klebsiella pneumonia was the commonest seen in 56% neonates. Among 40% gram positive organism MRSA was the commonest 53% neonates. Among 6% Fungal Sepsis, Candida sp. (100%) isolated. Severe thrombocytopenia was seen in 16% neonates followed by moderate thrombocytopenia (37%), mild thrombocytopenia (28%) and normal platelet count (19%). The total mortality was high (22%) in neonates having sepsis. Mortality was higher in the neonates having severe thrombocytopenia (69%) compared to neonates having moderate thrombocytopenia (30%) (P value <0.001). Klebsiella pneumoniae (60%) was the leading cause of death in the neonates with sepsis. Conclusions: Major cause of mortality in neonates with sepsis was by Gram Negative sepsis followed by Fungal and Gram Positive sepsis. Proportion of thrombocytopenia in neonates admitted with sepsis was high. Thus thrombocytopenia can be considered as one of the earliest nonspecific predictor of sepsis in neonates admitted in NICU and also it associates significantly with the outcome of the septic neonates.

scholarly journals National Temporal Trend Analysis of Infective Endocarditis among Patients Infected with HIV in Spain (1997–2014): A Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fe Muñoz-Moreno ◽  
Pablo Ryan ◽  
Alejandro Alvaro-Meca ◽  
Jorge Valencia ◽  
Eduardo Tamayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Epidemiological Trend ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Significant Downward Trend

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) form a vulnerable population for the onset of infective endocarditis (IE). We aimed to analyze the epidemiological trend of IE, as well as its microbiological characteristics, in PLWH during the combined antiretroviral therapy era in Spain. Methods: We performed a retrospective study (1997–2014) in PLWH with data obtained from the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set. We selected 1800 hospital admissions with an IE diagnosis, which corresponded to 1439 patients. Results: We found significant downward trends in the periods 1997–1999 and 2008–2014 in the rate of hospital admissions with an IE diagnosis (from 21.8 to 3.8 events per 10,000 patients/year; p < 0.001), IE incidence (from 18.2 to 2.9 events per 10,000 patients/year; p < 0.001), and IE mortality (from 23.9 to 5.5 deaths per 100,000 patient-years; p < 0.001). The most frequent microorganisms involved were staphylococci (50%; 42.7% Staphylococcus aureus and 7.3% coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)), followed by streptococci (9.3%), Gram-negative bacilli (8.3%), enterococci (3%), and fungus (1.4%). During the study period, we found a downward trend in the rates of CoNS (p < 0.001) and an upward trends in streptococci (p = 0.001), Gram-negative bacilli (p < 0.001), enterococci (p = 0.003), and fungus (p < 0.001) related to IE, mainly in 2008–2014. The rate of community-acquired IE showed a significant upward trend (p = 0.001), while the rate of health care-associated IE showed a significant downward trend (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The rates of hospital admissions, incidence, and mortality related to IE diagnosis in PLWH in Spain decreased from 1997 to 2014, while other changes in clinical characteristics, mode of acquisition, and pathogens occurred over this time.

scholarly journals Healthcare-Associated Laboratory-Confirmed Bloodstream Infections—Species Diversity and Resistance Mechanisms, a Four-Year Retrospective Laboratory-Based Study in the South of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2785
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Chmielarczyk ◽  
Monika Pomorska-Wesołowska ◽  
Dorota Romaniszyn ◽  
Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
The South ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Introduction: Regardless of the country, advancements in medical care and infection prevention and control of bloodstream infections (BSIs) are an enormous burden of modern medicine. Objectives: The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiology and drug-resistance of laboratory-confirmed BSI (LC-BSIs) among adult patients of 16 hospitals in the south of Poland. Patients and methods: Data on 4218 LC-BSIs were collected between 2016–2019. The identification of the strains was performed using MALDI-TOF. Resistance mechanisms were investigated according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, EUCAST recommendations. Results: Blood cultures were collected from 8899 patients, and LC-BSIs were confirmed in 47.4%. The prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria was 70.9%, Gram-negative 27.8% and yeast 1.4%. The most frequently isolated genus was Staphylococcus (50% of all LC-BSIs), with a domination of coagulase-negative staphylococci, while Escherichia coli (13.7%) was the most frequent Gram-negative bacterium. Over 4 years, 108 (2.6%) bacteria were isolated only once, including species from the human microbiota as well as environmental and zoonotic microorganisms. The highest methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence was in intensive care units (ICUs) (55.6%) but S. aureus with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins B (MLSB) in surgery was 66.7%. The highest prevalence of E. faecalis with a high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) mechanism was in ICUs, (84.6%), while E. faecium-HLAR in surgery was 83.3%. All cocci were fully glycopeptide-sensitive. Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were detected only in non-fermentative bacilli group, with prevalence 70% and more. Conclusions: The BSI microbiology in Polish hospitals was similar to those reported in other studies, but the prevalence of MRSA and enterococci-HLAR was higher than expected, as was the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant non-fermentative bacilli. Modern diagnostic techniques, such as MALDI-TOF, guarantee reliable diagnosis.

scholarly journals Severe burn injury from the common Asian practice of heat application in patients with diabetic neuropathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen‐Yuan Chang ◽  
Hung‐Hui Liu ◽  
Dun‐Wei Huang ◽  
Yu‐yu Chou ◽  
Kuang‐Ling Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Severe Burn ◽  
Heat Application ◽  
The Common ◽  
Severe Burn Injury

Atypical Pharyngitis In Suppurative Otitis Media Cases

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P98-P99
Author(s):  
Alaa A Abou-Bieh ◽  
Mona F Salama
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

Problem Unexplained persistent or recurrent bacterial pharyngitis in some patients who suffer from infected middle ear cleft. Methods Bacteriological swabs were obtained from both the ears and the pharynx of 37 cases with chronic otorrhea and perforation, whom complain of recurrent or persistent sore-throat. Then isolation and identification of the micro-organisms were done. This included examination of direct Gram stained films and cultures. Isolated Gram negative bacilli were subjected to further identification by the biochemical reactions and antibiotyping. Identical isolates from the same patient (ear and pharyngeal swabs) were subjected to further identification by genotyping using the pulsed field gel electrophoresis technique. Results 6 cases (16%) showed identity in phenotypes and genotypes for ear and pharyngeal samples from the same patient. All pharyngeal isolates were Gram negative organisms. 4 of them were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 was Proteus sp., and 1 was Escherichia coli. All of these 3 species are not known to be among the primary organisms which may cause pharyngitis. Conclusion Bacterial pharyngitis in patients with chronically infected middle ear cleft may be attributed to the same organism invaded the middle ear mucosa. Also this study highlights some organisms as a pharyngeal invaders although they are not among the previously documented causatives of bacterial pharyngitis. But the study do not confirm the method of spread of these organisms and whether this was directly via the eustachian tube. Significance The study correlates the causative organism of the middle ear infection and that infected the pharyngeal mucosa utilizing the advanced bacteriological identification and genotyping techniques.

Prevalence of Colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, A 10-year glance

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 016-024
Author(s):  
Assama Riaz ◽  
Dinali Obeysekera ◽  
Kelsie Ruslow
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Unanswered Question ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The World ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Alternative Antibiotic

Multidrug resistance is a global healthcare problem. Gram-negative organisms, particularly Enterobacteriaceae strains are responsible for almost 60% of nosocomial infections. Colistin acts as the last treatment resort in complicated, critical, and MDR cases; also become resistant in the last few years in an escalating manner. Its resistance has been reported almost all over the world. Since there is no alternative antibiotic of colistin-resistant isolates is available. The last year of 2020 was completely engaged with the Covid-19 pandemic for global healthcare systems. This issue is still persisting with no solution. Strict infection control policies and a noval antibiotic with lesser side effects are great in demand to resolve this issue. We gathered 28 studies from 2010 that reported colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae throughout the world. Colistin resistance still reported and escalated globally with no available solution. Asia was the leading region with 50% of selected studies followed by Europe and Klebsiella pneumonia and Klebsiella species were the leading organisms of colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae. This mini-review was designed to highlight the global importance of colistin-resistant isolates among Enterobacteriaceae, which still an unanswered question.

Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from MDR-TB patients of Northern Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common and severe infectious diseases in developing countries. Acinetobacter baumannii is the bacterium known as causative organism for respiratory tract infections in human populations. The Report suggests that co-infection of Acinetobacter baumannii with Mycobacterium tuberculosis together increases health complications in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) positive patients and creates fatal damage to the ailing population. In our study, 106 sputum samples of MDR-TB positive patients from Northern Punjab were studied. The isolation of A. baumannii from sputum of MDR-TB patients was done on selective media and initially screened by Oxidase and Catalase based identification followed by microscopic examination. Afterward, only ten suspected isolates of A. baumannii were again selected for further characterization for MDR by using Disc diffusion method. Antibiograms against number of antibiotics were accurately determined. Of these 10 isolates, 8 sample were found resistant to levofloxacin and subjected to molecular characterization using bla-OXA-51 primers. Only 3 out of 106 (2.83 %) isolates were confirmed as MDR strains of A. baumannii. These results show the coexistence of MDR A. bauminnii with MDR-TB patients of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. In Northern Punjab regions a higher percentage (3 cases) of MDR- TB were detected, which were co-infected with Acinetobacter baumannii among hospitalized patients. These findings may show unhygienic hospital environment or practices which leads to the co-infection.

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