OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS IN MENTALLY CHALLENGED CHILDREN

Purpose: To identify the ocular disorders in mentally challenged children attending a special school. Methods: A total of 100 mentally challenged children in the age group of 3-16 years attending special school in a district of South India were examined. Complete ocular examination was done. Ocular problems were identied and categorized into development related, hygiene related and IQ related problems. Results: Seventy children (70%) had ocular problems. Refractive error and strabismus were the common ocular problems seen in this study. Ocular manifestations like nystagmus, congenital ptosis, anti mongoloid slant, wide telecanthus with epicanthus, chalazia, stye, blepharitis, congenital NLD obstruction, conjunctivitis, xerosis, microcornea, corneal opacities, congenital cataracts, optic atrophy, retinitis pigmentosa were seen. An association was found between the severity of mental retardation and ocular problems (P<0.005). Conclusion: A high prevalence of ocular problems was seen in mentally retarded school children. These children should undergo annual ophthalmic evaluation. Visual function of the children should be assessed as soon as the child is admitted to the school. Earlier assessment and correction of the visual problems will have greater chance of achieving potential and will prevent visual impairment. Aim of the study: To identify the ocular disorders in mentally challenged children attending National Institute of Mental Health, a special school for such children.

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Prevalence of type of Chewing Tobacco in Tobacco Users in Patients Reported in Private Dental Institution

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3377 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽

pp. 1278-1282

Author(s):

Anirudh B V M ◽

Uma Maheswari T N ◽

Nivethiga B

Keyword(s):

Prevalence Rate ◽

Early Death ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chewing Tobacco ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Common ◽

University Setting

Tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of early death, disease around the world. India has a high prevalence rate of tobacco consumption, both smoking and smokeless forms. There are many types of chewing tobacco such as pan masala, khaini, mawa, snuff, zarda, mishri etc. The aim of this study is to find the prevalence rate of the type of chewing tobacco in tobacco users in patients reported to, Chennai. It's a retrospective cross-sectional study in a university setting. Case records were collected and analysed the data of 41000 patients between June 2019 and March 2020 from the private dental institution. A total of 194 cases were recorded with patients who have a habit of chewing tobacco. The data was tabulated with parameters such as age, gender, type of chewing tobacco and type of habit. Data was then imported to IBM-SPSS v20 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics was done for further analysis. Among types of chewing tobacco, pan masala was prevalent (55.7%), with male predilection being 92.3%. The common age group which was seen chewing tobacco was 18-30 years-28.4%, with type of habit being only chewing tobacco-87.1%. Within the limits of the study, prevalence was seen in males with 18-30 age group being the most affected. Pan masala was the most prevalent type of chewing tobacco followed by gutka. As pan and gutka are the most common types used in Chennai, it is more carcinogenic than other types of chewing tobacco and its usage is increasing among the youth. Precautions must be taken such as anti-tobacco intervention to decrease the consumption of tobacco which causes a decrease in chances of cancer formation.

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HIGH PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITON AND WORM INFECTION AMONG VAN KIEU AND PAKOH CHILDREN AGED 12-36 MONTHS IN DAKRONG DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2012.5.16 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 129-134

Author(s):

Thi Lan Tran ◽

Thi Huong Le ◽

Xuan Ninh Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Infection Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Group Recommendation ◽

Related Factors ◽

Normal Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Very High

Objectives: Assess the nutritional status, worm infection status and some related factors among children aged 12-36 months of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Subject and method: A cross sectional study was carried out in 2010, in 680 children aged 12-36 months in 4 communes of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Results: The malnutrition rate was 55.0% for underweight, 66.5% for stunting and 16.2% for wasting. The prevalence of malnutrition increases by age group. The prevalence of worm infection was 31.6%, the highest prevalence was belong to Ascaris infection (24.6%), followed by Hookworm and Trichuris (6.5% and 6.2%, respectively). The prevalence of worm infection among children under two is very high (27.0%). The prevalence of worm infection was distributed quite equally between the malnutrition children group and normal children group. Recommendation: Early deworming forchildren from 12 months should be considered as important strategy against the malnutrition of children in Dakrong district, Quang Tri province

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Influence of Ageing and Regional Differences on Draught Performance of Umblachery Cattle

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.15.2.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (02) ◽

pp. 42-45

Author(s):

Devi M Kousalya ◽

S.M K Karthickeyan ◽

R Venkataramanan ◽

S N Sivaselvam ◽

K G Tirumurugaan

Keyword(s):

Pulse Rate ◽

Power Output ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Stride Length ◽

South India ◽

Middle Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Maximum Power Output ◽

Effects Of Aging

An attempt was made to assess the effects of aging, regional differences, and draught load applied on draught potential of Umblachery cattle, an important draught breed of South India. Age had a highly significant effect (p less than 0.01) on all morphometric traits, stride length, and significant effect (p less than 0.05) on pulse rate after work. The middle age group (5.0 to 7.5 years) with more substantial stride length was identified as the critical productive age group for draught ability. Regional differences had a highly significant (p less than 0.01) influence on stride length, horsepower, and a significant effect (p less than 0.05) on pulse rate after work. The optimum draught load with which Umblachery breed could give uniform and maximum power output was found to be around 75 to 78 kg.

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Clinical Profile of Acute Poisoning in Children at a Teaching Hospital in Lalitpur

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10139 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 100-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ajaya Kumar Dhakal ◽

D Shrestha ◽

A Shakya ◽

SC Shah ◽

H Shakya

Keyword(s):

Teaching Hospital ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

Childhood Mortality ◽

Age Group ◽

Common Cause ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

History Of ◽

The Common ◽

Poisoning In Children

Introduction: Acute poisonings are one of the common cause of emergency visits and hospital admissions and is potentially preventable cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study were to identify the common type of poisoning in children, to determine types of poisoning according to age and to find out the common age group in which the incidence of poisoning was high.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational study done in a teaching hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal in patients aged 1 month to 18 years who visited the emergency department and were admitted to hospital with history of alleged poisoning from 2009 July to 2014 January.Results: Fifty patients were included. Drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common cause of poisoning. Drugs and kerosene below 10 years of age and organophosphorus and drugs above 10 years of age were common types of poisoning. Maximum numbers (50%) of children with poisoning cases were below five year of age. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.1days and mean age of poisoning was 7.8 years with a male(54%) predominance. Majority of poisoning occurred at home (84%) and 68% of patients were symptomatic at presentation to hospital with 84% of patients presenting to hospital within six hours.Conclusion: This study showed that drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common forms of poisoning. Young children were most vulnerable for acute poisoning.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10139J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):100-103

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Histopathological Analysis of Endometrial Biopsy in Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal

Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jgmcn.v12i1.22608 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

B Parajuli ◽

G Pun ◽

S Ranabhat ◽

S Poudel

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Hydatidiform Mole ◽

College Teaching ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Age Group ◽

Medical College ◽

Dilatation And Curettage ◽

Partial Mole ◽

Proliferative Endometrium ◽

The Common

Objective: To study the spectrum of histopathological diagnosis of endometrial lesions and their distribution according to age. Methods: All the endometrium samples obtained by the procedure of dilatation and curettage and hysterectomy sent for histopathological examination at Pathology Department of Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. The study duration was total 12 months ranging from July 2016 to June 2017. All the endometrial samples were processed, sectioned at 4 - 6 μm and stained with routine H & E stain. Patient’s data including age, sex, procedure of the biopsy taken and histopathological diagnosis were noted. A pathologist, using Olympus microscope, reported the slides. Cases were reviewed by a second pathologist whenever necessary. Results: A total of 128 cases were studied. The most common histopathological diagnosis was proliferative endometrium (28.9%) followed by disorder proliferative endometrium (15.65%). Most of the patients were in age group 36 - 45 years comprising 32.03%. Hydatidiform mole comprised of 7.03% and among Hydatidiform mole, partial mole was more common. Dilatation and curettage (82.8%) was the common procedure in compare to hysterectomy for the evaluation of endometrial lesions. Conclusions: In this study, we observed a variety of endometrial lesions. Most of them are benign; among benign, proliferative endometrium was the common histopathological diagnosis followed by disorder proliferative endometrium. Most common presenting age group was found to be at 36 - 45 years. In evaluation of hydatidiform mole, partial mole was more frequent in compare to complete mole. Conventional dilatation and curettage is the preferred method in developing countries with limited resource to screen endometrial lesion and therefore biopsy should be sent for histopathological examination. Thus histopathological examination of routinely stained hematoxylin and eosin is readily available and widely accepted standard technique for evaluation of the endometrial lesions.

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Detection and Enumeration of the Commonest Stool Parasites Seen in a Tertiary Care Center in South India

ISRN Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/808571 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Vani Chandrashekar

Keyword(s):

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

South India ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Group ◽

Tertiary Care Center ◽

Care Centre ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Stool Samples

The aim of this study was to identify common stool parasites in patients attending a tertiary care centre in South India. We evaluated 2355 stool samples and parasites were detected in 7.9% of samples. 41.1% of our patients were in the 45–58-year age group. Protozoal infections were the commonest seen in 7.8% of samples. Entamoeba histolytica was the commonest protozoa (4.6%) followed by Entamoeba coli (1.2%) and Giardia (0.8%). Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli were together seen in 0.63%, and they were the commonest organisms seen in samples with multiple-organism infection. Both were equally detected in diarrheal samples.

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Prospective Study of Ocular Manifestations of Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid Identifies a High Prevalence of Dry Eye Syndrome

Cornea ◽

10.1097/ico.0000000000000335 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 443-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jeremy C.K. Tan ◽

Lien T. Tat ◽

Kristy B. Francis ◽

Clarisse G. Mendoza ◽

Dedee F. Murrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Bullous Pemphigoid ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Ocular Manifestations ◽

High Prevalence

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INCIDENCE OF CRANIAL NERVE PARALYSIS IN POLIOMYELITIS IN RELATION TO PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF TONSILS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.21.1.94 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 94-105

Author(s):

F. H. Top

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Cranial Nerves ◽

Age Group ◽

Real Difference ◽

Satisfactory Explanation ◽

Nerve Paralysis ◽

Cranial Nerve Paralysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Common

Evidence is presented from data covering the period 1940 to 1952 which corroborates the conclusion of previous studies that prior tonsillectomy probably adversely affects the occurrence of brainstem paralysis (bulbar and bulbospinal) in poliomyelitis. Neither this study nor any preceding studies relating to this problem have proved the contention. On the basis that the hypothesis is correct, an attempt is made to find an answer by studying the incidence of the common paralysis of cranial nerves (VII, IX and X and XI) in bulbar and bulbospinal cases of poliomyelitis on the basis of presence or absence of tonsils. Rates of incidence of paralysis of cranial nerves, not adjusted for age, indicate a decidedly higher proportion of paralysis of the facial nerve (VII) among nontonsillectomized patients whereas tonsillectomized persons are preportionately more affected by palatal and pharyngeal paralysis (nerves IX and X). Paralysis of the facial nerve appears from two studies to occur more commonly at earlier ages, particularly in the age group 0 to 4 years. However, age adjustment did not erase, although it did somewhat lower, the TR/TP ratio. This finding lends credence to a real difference but can only be applied to this study, as Paffenbarger in a smaller study found no significant difference in frequencies of paralysis of the facial nerve between groups with tonsils removed and tonsils present, and Southcott, also in a small study, found paralysis of the facial nerve more common among tonsillectomized patients with bulbar (includes bulbospinal) involvement. The differences noted for palatal and pharyngeal paralyses (nerves IX and X) in the unadjusted rates as between tonsillectomized and nontonsillectomized patients remain statistically different and in some instances significant when corrections for age are made. The results of this study are suggestive but give no entirely satisfactory explanation for the differences noted. Various explanations previously offered are cited and briefly discussed. Perhaps more definitive studies in animals along the approach suggested by Southcott will prove more fruitful, namely, labelling virus by some radioactive element in order to trace the route it takes to the central nervous system.

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THE DALAI LAMA AND ACADEMIC RESEARCH TO THE 85TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE 14TH DALAI LAMA

Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS ◽

10.31696/2618-7302-2020-4-149-161 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 149-161

Author(s):

Alla M. Shustova ◽

Keyword(s):

South India ◽

Academic Research ◽

Single Atom ◽

Altered States ◽

Common Goal ◽

Dalai Lama ◽

Buddhist Meditation ◽

Fundamental Knowledge ◽

The Common ◽

The Universe

The article is dedicated for the 85th anniversary of His Holiness Dalai Lama the 14th Tenzin Gyatso and considers his contribution to establishing the dialogue between academic research and spirituality. It depicts main points of Dalai Lama’s way in science, the results of which he described in his book ‘The Universe in a Single Atom. How Science and Spirituality Can Serve Our World’. In this book His Holiness tried to explain the possibility of reaching a unified vision of the world, based not only on science but also on spirituality. Dalai Lama is sure of the necessity of the dialogue between science and Buddhism; he believes that there are certain points, where science and Buddhist philosophy come very close to each other, and may form a good base for such a dialogue. It is for example non-theistic character of both science and Buddhism, the similarity of their methods of cognition, along with the common goal of attaining the truth. Dalai Lama raises one important question: Should there be a place for ethics in science? Giving the positive answer, he then proves it expressly. For several decades Dalai Lama has been undertaking active efforts to facilitate the dialogue between science and spirituality. Recently Russian scholars have also joined this process. By Dalai Lama’s initiative two big conferences were held under the aegis of the program “Fundamental knowledge: dialogues of Russian and Buddhist scholars”. As a result of these meetings the joint Russian and Buddhist research center was organized in South India to study the altered states of conciseness, basing on various types of Buddhist meditation.

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