RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLASGOW COMA SCALE AND AIRWAYS PROTECTIVE REFLEXES IN CEREBRO VASCULAR ATTACK PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
Sonakshi Saha ◽  
Indraneel Dasgupta ◽  
Amit Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Senior Physician ◽  
Cough Test ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Supraglottic Larynx ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: The laryngeal cough reex (LCR) protects the supraglottic larynx from signicant aspiration of food or uids during inspiration or pharyngeal spillage during swallowing 1. The reex cough test (RCT), using nebulized tartaric acid solution, provides an effective stimulus to the receptors in the supraglottic mucosa, and, like a reex hammer or percussor, triggers a cascade of neurological activity in both craniospinal nerves and the central nervous system. The vagus nerve mediates the afferent component of the LCR. Aims And Objective:To nd the relation between glasgowcoma scale and airway protective reexes in Indian population. Materials And Methods: This study was a prospective observational study. Clinical history and examination is mandatory for selection of the eligible patients. All the procedure was done, only once a traumatically, in patients. Suction apparatus was made available all the time beside the patients in case they vomit. Procedure was done under supervision of senior physician. Result And Analysis: We found that in ≤5 GCS Group, 15(100.0%) patients had Intubation. In 6-8 GCS Group, 7(10.6%) patients had Intubation. In ≥9 GCS Group, 8(20.5%) patients had Intubation. Association of Intubation vs GCS Group was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). In ≤5 GCS Group, 15(100.0%) patients had Immediate Intubation. Summary And Conclusion: In our study, 11(9.2%) patients were Attenuated/ Diminished (Absent Cough and Gag reex) air way protective reexes checked later, 19(15.8%) patients were Not Applicable (As Pt Mechanical Ventilator) air way protective reexes checked later and 90(75.0%) patients were Patent (Present Cough and Gag reex) air way protective reexes checked later. Mechanical Ventilator was more in low GCS (≤5) which was statistically signicant.

scholarly journals 11C- and 18F-Radiotracers for In Vivo Imaging of the Dopamine System: Past, Present and Future

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Michael R. Kilbourn
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Dopamine Synthesis ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Synaptic Release ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pet Radiotracers ◽  
Selection Of

The applications of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to study brain biochemistry, and in particular the aspects of dopamine neurotransmission, have grown significantly over the 40 years since the first successful in vivo imaging studies in humans. In vivo PET imaging of dopaminergic functions of the central nervous system (CNS) including dopamine synthesis, vesicular storage, synaptic release and receptor binding, and reuptake processes, are now routinely used for studies in neurology, psychiatry, drug abuse and addiction, and drug development. Underlying these advances in PET imaging has been the development of the unique radiotracers labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides such as carbon-11 and fluorine-18. This review focuses on a selection of the more accepted and utilized PET radiotracers currently available, with a look at their past, present and future.

scholarly journals A Prospective Observational Study on Rational Use of Antibiotics for Paediatric Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Syeda Zaineb Kubra Hussaini ◽  
G. Tulja Rani ◽  
Dr. Murthy ◽  
Sathish Kumar ◽  
Shravya Dyavarishetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Antibiotic drug overuse and inappropriate antibiotic drug selection are associated with increased drug resistance among respiratory pathogens (most notably, Streptococcus pneumoniae), possible progression to chronic disease, and increased treatment costs.[1] The selection of an antibiotic for prophylaxis should be based on known or likely target pathogens, for a short duration of time. Objective: To evaluate Rational use of antibiotics in Paediatric patients suffering from Respiratory tract    infections. Method: It was Prospective, observational study conducted by random selection of patients. Based on diagnosis, the study population was categorized into 2 groups: Upper respiratory tract infections and Lower respiratory tract infections. The study population was interviewed after obtaining written informed consent for information like demographics, diagnosis, treatment and antibiotics prescribed. Results and Discussion: In our study population, it was observed that male patient (74%) were higher than female patients (26%). Total number of antibiotics prescribed during the study period is 83. Most commonly prescribed antibiotic was Augmentin (Amoxicillin +Clavulanic acid) of dose (450mg IV BD) which is the combination drug, i.e, more effective than individual antibiotic drugs. Conclusion: In the present study it is observed that 4-different classes of antibiotics-Pencillins,Cephalosporins,Macrolides and Aminoglycosides were prescribed and used for different Respiratory diseases.The percentage of average antibiotic utilization is highest in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection with (55.22%).Mostly used Antibiotic in males for both LRTI and URTI is Augmentin with the percentage of (52%) and (80%) respectively.Where as in females it is observed that in both LRTI and URTI mostly used Antibiotic is Augmentin with percentage of (38.8%) and( 80%) respectively.Overall Second mostly used antibiotic is Ceftriaxone. Keywords: pediatrics, lower and upper respiratory tract infections, antibiotics. 

scholarly journals Meeting Calorie and Protein Needs in the Critical Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863882090599
Author(s):  
Shinobu Yamamoto ◽  
Karen Allen ◽  
Kellie R Jones ◽  
Sarah S Cohen ◽  
Kemuel Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Medical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Intolerance ◽  
Medical Intensive Care ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Enteral Formula

Background: Inadequate calorie and protein intake during critical illness is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Unfortunately, most critically ill patients do not consume adequate levels of these nutrients. An enteral formula with appropriate macronutrient composition may assist patients in meeting nutritional goals. Design: This study was a single center, prospective, observational study of 29 adults in the medical intensive care unit who required enteral nutrition for at least 3 days. Subjects received a calorically dense, enzymatically hydrolyzed 100% whey peptide-based enteral formula for up to 5 days to assess the ability to achieve 50% of caloric goals within the first 3 days (primary outcome), the daily percentage of protein goals attained and gastrointestinal tolerance (secondary outcomes). Result: A total of 29 subjects consented and began the study. Four subjects dropped out before first day and 25 subjects were included in analyses. Subjects were aged 55.5 ± 16.9 years with mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.9 ± 7.5 kg/m2. Most (92%) subjects were on a mechanical ventilator and experienced organ failure. At least 50% of caloric and protein goals were achieved in 78.9% and 73.7% of the subjects, respectively, during the first 3 days. Overall, 75.0 ± 26.3% and 69.3 ± 26.7% of calorie and protein goals were achieved using the study formula. Conclusions: Subjects fed enterally with a calorically dense, enzymatically hydrolyzed 100% whey peptide-based enteral formula exceeded 50% of caloric and protein goals in most critically ill subjects included in this study. Use of study formula did not lead to severe gastrointestinal intolerance.

scholarly journals Organ-specific selection of viral variants during chronic infection.

1988 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 1719-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ahmed ◽  
M B Oldstone
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Ctl Responses

This study demonstrates organ specific selection of viral variants during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in its natural host. Isolates with different biological properties were present in the central nervous system (CNS) and lymphoid tissues of carrier mice infected at birth with the wt Armstrong strain of LCMV. Viral isolates from the CNS were similar to the wt Armstrong strain and induced potent virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in adult mice and the infection was cleared within 2 wk. In contrast, LCMV isolates derived from the lymphoid tissues caused a chronic infection in adult mice associated with suppressed CTL responses. Revertants with wt Armstrong phenotype were present in the CNS of mice infected with a spleen isolate showing unequivocally the importance of host tissues in the selection of viral variants. These results provide a possible mechanism by which viral variants emerge in nature and suggest that tissue- and cell-specific selection is an important aspect of virus evolution.

scholarly journals Selection of 7-10 Years Old Children of Different Types of Constitution in Sport Swimming, Taking Into Account Their Psychological and Physiological Features

2017 ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Davydov ◽  
Anna Mankevich ◽  
Olga Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Sports Selection

The article revealed the need to consider the psychophysiological parameters of the central nervous system of the children of schoolchildren in the selection and orientation of the sport swimming. The interrelation of features such as the schoolchild constitution and the activity of his central nervous system has been revealed. Presented conducted an extensive research of boys 7-10 years old and based on the analysis of selected types of the most successful, the algorithm is composed of sports selection procedure, revealing the specificity and individuality of each student, which increases the effectiveness of achieving high results in the future.

scholarly journals Vaginal Birth After Previous Caesarean Section

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Chro N. Fattah ◽  
Hazha Jalal
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Vaginal Birth ◽  
Perineal Tear ◽  
Neonatal Complication ◽  
Significant Probability ◽  
Inter Pregnancy Interval ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Vaginal Birth After Caesarean

The proportion of women who attempt vaginal birth after prior cesarean delivery has   decreased mainly because of the concern about safety.  The purpose of this study is to observe maternal & neonatal outcomes in women delivered either by vaginal birth after caesarean section, elective repeat caesarean section or failed trial of labour. To design a definite protocol for selection of patient to achieve successful vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) section. A prospective observational study was set at Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital/ Kurdistan region of Iraq, from first July 2013 to first July 2014. In which 200 pregnant women (with one prior caesarean section & singleton, term, cephalic presentation) were enrolled, followed up during labour & puerperium for maternal & neonatal complications.  Data analysis was performed using the statistical software namely (SPSS   version 20). Planned vaginal birth was successful in 63.4% of pregnant women, with the least maternal and neonatal complication, apart from 3rd degree perineal tear (2.3%) which was statistically significant (probability value < 0.001). In conclusion, the women who had successful vaginal birth after caesarean, had better result for the mother and neonate than failed trial of labour and those who had elective repeat caesarean section. Women with body mass index of < 30kg/m2, age <30 years, inter pregnancy interval >18months, non-recurrent cause of previous scar and estimated fetal weight of < 4kg, had more successful VBAC rate.

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