Detection of tox A gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that isolates from different clinical cases by using PCR.

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Current study obtained (75) isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from different cases included : 28 isolates from otitis media, 23 isolates from burn infections, 10 isolates from wound infections, 8 isolates from urinary tract infections and 6 isolates from blood, during the period between 1/9/2014 to 1/11/2014 The result revealed that the tox A gene was present in 54 isolates (72%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of tox A gene was 352 bp. The result shows 17 isolates (60.71%) from otitis media has tox A gene, 18 isolates (78.26%) from burn followed by 8 isolate (80%) from wound infection and 5 isolates (62.5%) from urinary tract infection , finally 6 isolates (100%) from blood have this gene.

Pattern of urinary tract infection in Kashmir and antimicrobial susceptibility

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v38i3.14330 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 79-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Age Group ◽

Esherichia Coli ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Microbiological Techniques ◽

Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased worldwide. The purpose of this study is to provide information regarding the causative agents of urinary tract infection in Kashmiri patients, identify the uropathogens responsible for the infection and study the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the uropathogens. Clean voided mid-stream urine samples were collected from 2190 patients. The specimens were cultured and the isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques. The antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were also determined. Of 2190 specimens, 591 (27%) showed significant growth upon culture. Approximately 84.1 % (497/591) of the 591 patients with UTI were females, most of which belonged to the 21-30 age group (206). The males accounted for 15.9% (94/591) UTI cases. Most of the male patients belonged to the 21-30 age group (34). The lowest incidence of urinary tract infections was seen among the 13-20 years age group. Throughout this study males accounted for only 16% of all UTI cases. Esherichia coli was the most predominant isolate, 53.8% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 22.4% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7.6%. All isolates were fully sensitive to ofloxacin, and more than 94% were sensitive to cefuroxime. Apart from group D Streptococcus , the overall response to ampicillin by all isolates was less than 15%. The prevalence of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in community-acquired urinary tract infections is increasing. All Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were fully susceptible to cefuroxime and ofloxacin. It is recommended that cefuroxime and ofloxacin or both are used in the blind treatment of urinary tract infection while awaiting the culture and sensitivity results. Concurrent with the necessary shift in the prescription pattern, attention should be paid to restriction of antibiotic abuse in the community to retard development of further drug resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i3.14330 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38(3): 79-83 (December)

A HOSPITAL BASED SURVEILLANCE STUDY OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND ACINETOBACTER SPECIES WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON DRUG RESISTANCE

10.36106/paripex/6200324 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Anju K K ◽

Deepthy B J ◽

Gogi Suresh ◽

Harish P V

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Acinetobacter Species ◽

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the commonest bacterial infection in community practice. The most common microorganisms causing UTI include E.coli, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococci, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Acinetobacter. The increase in multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens is an important and emerging public health problem in non-fermenting isolates.So this study focuses the surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter species in UTI and also focuses the drug resistance of the isolates. METHOD: The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, DM WIMS,Meppadi,Wayanad, starting from May 2019 to July 2019. A total of 200 urine samples were taken for identifying the significant urinary tract infections. Organisms were isolated and identified using standard microbial techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity was studied using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and EDTA double disc synergy test. RESULT: Out of the 200 urine samples studied, 87 showed significant bacteriuria, with 26 (29.9%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 6(6.9%) Acinetobacter species. Other isolates were E.coli (24), klebsiella (22), enterobacter (4), Citrobacter (3) and one each were Serratia and Morganella. Among these isolates 15 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2 Acinetobacter species were MBL producers. CONCLUSION: The study reports that other than E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a higher prevalence in urinary tract infection and more than half of the isolates are showing drug resistance to the commonly used drugs. Most of the infection with such strains were treated successfully with combination of drugs such as Tigecycline with colistin,colistin with a carbapenem, fosfomycin with a carbapenem, fosfomycin with aminoglycoside, and a carbapenem with an aminoglycoside have been reported as antibiotic combinations effectively administered to series of patients infected with carbapenemase producing organisms.

Catheter-Related Urinary Tract Infection in Patients Suffering from Spinal Cord Injuries

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ◽

10.17305/bjbms.2009.2849 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 2-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Amela Dedeić-Ljubović ◽

Mirsada Hukić

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Spinal Cord Injuries ◽

Providencia Rettgeri ◽

Urinary tract infection is commoner in patients with spinal cord injuries because of incomplete bladder emptying and the use of catheters that can result in the introduction of bacteria into the bladder. 145 patients suffering from spinal cord injuries, admitted to the Institute for physical medicine and rehabilitation, Centre for paraplegia of the Clinical Centre of the University of Sarajevo, were included. The patients were divided in three groups according to the method of bladder drainage: Group A (n=61) consisted of patients on clean intermittent catheterization; Group B (n=54) consisted of patients with indwelling catheters; Group C (n=30) consisted of patients who had performed self-catheterization. From a total of 4539 urine samples, 3963 (87,3%) were positive and 576 (12,7%) were sterile. More than 90% of the infected patients were asymptomatic.The overall rate of urinary infection amounted to about 2,1 episodes, and bacteriuria to 8,1 episodes per patient. 77% of infections (113/145) were acquired within seven days from catheterization.Infection was usually polymicrobial; the greatest number of urine samples 1770/3943 (44,9%) included more than one bacterium.The vast majority of cases of urinary tract infection and bacteriuria are caused by Gram-negative bacilli and enterococci, commensal organisms of the bowel and perineum, representative of those from the hospital environment. Providencia stuarti (18,9%) being the most common, followed by Proteus mirabilis (16,3%), Escherichia coli (11,8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10,2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8,1%), Morganella morgani (5,4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4,6%), Providencia rettgeri (3,5%). 15,7% of isolates were Gram-positive with Enterococcus faecalis (8,6%) as the most common. 55,3% of isolates were multidrug-resistant, and the highest rates of resistance were found among Acinetobacter baumannii (87,8%), Providencia rettgeri (86,7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85,4%), Providencia stuarti (84,3%) and Morganella morgani (81,0%). Lower rates of resistance were found in Group C, i.e. patients on intermittent self- catheterisation. Eradication of organisms was achieved in only 53 (10,05%) of patients; hence, antibiotic therapy had no or very low effect.Significant correlations were found between the method of catheterization and the frequency of bacteriuria and urinary tract infections. The analysis of Group C showed a rate of lower urinary tract infection and bacteriuria than the other two Groups of patients. The objective of this study is the update of etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility in urinary tract infections in this group of patients. In addition, possible correlations between UTI and the type of bladder management were examined.

URINARY INFECTION AT DEPARTMENT OF UROLOGY OF HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.3.16 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 100-108

Author(s):

Dinh Khanh Le ◽

Dinh Dam Le ◽

Khoa Hung Nguyen ◽

Xuan My Nguyen ◽

Minh Nhat Vo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

University Hospital ◽

E Coli ◽

Positive Urine ◽

Objectives: To investigate clinical characteristics, bacterial characteristics, drug resistance status in patients with urinary tract infections treated at Department of Urology, Hue University Hospital. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in 474 patients with urological disease treated at Department of Urology, Hue Universiry Hospital from July 2017 to April 2018. Urine culture was done in the patients with urine > 25 Leu/ul who have symptoms of urinary tract disease or infection symptoms. Patients with positive urine cultures were analyzed for clinical and bacterial characteristics. Results: 187/474 (39.5%) patients had symptoms associated with urinary tract infections. 85/474 (17.9%) patients were diagnosed with urinary tract infection. The positive urine culture rate was 45.5%. Symptoms of UTI were varied, and no prominent symptoms. E. coli accounts for the highest proportion (46.67%), followed by, Staphycoccus aureus (10.67%), Pseudomonas aeruginsa (8,0%), Streptococcus faecali and Proteus (2.67%). ESBL - producing E. coli was 69.23%, ESBL producing Enterobacter spp was 33.33%. Gram-negative bacteria are susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, amikacin while gram positive are vancomycin-sensitive. Conclusions: Clinical manifestations of urinary tract infections varied and its typical symptoms are unclear. E.coli is a common bacterium (46.67%). Isolated bacteria have a high rate of resistance to some common antibiotics especially the third generation cephalosporins and quinolones. Most bacteria are resistant to multiple antibiotics at the same time. Gram (+) bacteria are susceptible to vancomycin, and gram (-) bacteria are susceptible to cefoxitin, amikacin, and carbapenem. Key words: urinary tract infection

Measuring Antibiotic Appropriateness for Urinary Tract Infections in Nursing Home Residents

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2017.96 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 998-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Taniece Eure ◽

Lisa L. LaPlace ◽

Richard Melchreit ◽

Meghan Maloney ◽

Ruth Lynfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Nursing Home ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Infect Control Hosp ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Appropriate Use ◽

We assessed the appropriateness of initiating antibiotics in 49 nursing home (NH) residents receiving antibiotics for urinary tract infection (UTI) using 3 published algorithms. Overall, 16 residents (32%) received prophylaxis, and among the 33 receiving treatment, the percentage of appropriate use ranged from 15% to 45%. Opportunities exist for improving UTI antibiotic prescribing in NH.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:998–1001

Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.50.6.975 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 975-975

Author(s):

James Kennedy Todd

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

False Positives ◽

Colony Count ◽

The recent paper by Cohen in the August issue of Pediatisics relies on the use of "one or more cultures of over 100,000 organisms per millimeter of urine" to make the diagnosis of urinary tract infections upon which the remainder of the study is dependent. Obviously, the colony count was intended to read "per milliliter," and yet the results of the study must be seriously questioned since the criterion for diagnosis of urinary tract infection was not rigid enough to exclude a large number of false-positives— patients who never really had urinary tract infections.

Larger Numbers Needed

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.80.5.764 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 764-764

Author(s):

THOMAS E. WISWELL

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

First Year ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Tract Infections ◽

First Year Of Life

In Reply.— Dr Altschul presents data on urinary tract infections during infancy and reports infection rates substantially lower than those we have previously reported.1,2 He then makes several conclusions based on these differences. His data indicate that the maximum infection rates would be 0.11% among girls and 0.02% and 0.12% among circumcised and uncircumcised boys, respectively. In contrast, from a population of 422,328 infants, we found the overall incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infection during the first year of life to be 0.57% in girls, 0.11% in circumcised boys, and 1.12% in uncircumcised boys.

Infeções do Trato Urinário numa Coorte de Transplantados Renais

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.4959 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 364 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Bispo ◽

Milene Fernandes ◽

Cristina Toscano ◽

Teresa Marques ◽

Domingos Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Female Gender ◽

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious complication following renal transplantation and its frequency is insufficiently studied in Portugal. The aim of this study was to characterize the incidence of urinary tract infections and recurrent urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort observational study, obtained from clinical files of all patients who received a renal transplant at the Hospital of Santa Cruz, from January 2004 to December 2005, with a mean follow-up period of five years or until date of graft loss, death or loss of follow-up. After a descriptive analysis of the population, we used bivariate tests to identify risk factors for urinary tract infections. Results: A total of 127 patients were included, with a 593 patients.year follow-up. We detected 53 patients (41.7%) presenting with at least one episode of urinary tract infection; 21 patients (16.5%) had recurrent urinary tract infection. Female gender was the only risk factor associated with the occurrence of urinary tract infections (p < 0.001, OR = 7.08, RR = 2.95) and recurrent urinary tract infections (p < 0.001, OR = 4.66, RR = 2.83). Escherichia coli (51.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.5%) and Enterobacter spp (9.9%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Patients did not reveal an increased mortality or allograft loss. However, urinary tract infections were the most important cause of hospital admissions. Discussion: Female gender was the only risk factor for urinary tract infections in this population. Escherichia coli was the most frequent agent isolated. Conclusion: Despite preventive measures, urinary tract infections remain an important cause of morbidity and hospital admissions. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors; Kidney Transplantation; Portugal.

Emerging Role of Microbiome in the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23020870 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 870

Author(s):

Anna Kawalec ◽

Danuta Zwolińska

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Urologic Diseases ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Impact

The microbiome of the urinary tract plays a significant role in maintaining health through the impact on bladder homeostasis. Urobiome is of great importance in maintaining the urothelial integrity and preventing urinary tract infection (UTI), as well as promoting local immune function. Dysbiosis in this area has been linked to an increased risk of UTIs, nephrolithiasis, and dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. However, the number of studies in the pediatric population is limited, thus the characteristic of the urobiome in children, its role in a child’s health, and pediatric urologic diseases are not completely understood. This review aims to characterize the healthy urobiome in children, the role of dysbiosis in urinary tract infection, and to summarize the strategies to modification and reshape disease-prone microbiomes in pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.

The Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens associated with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among Patients attending Kam Medical Consult Clinic, Uganda.

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v2i6.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Gerald Turyatunga

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Etiological Agents ◽

Background: A urinary tract infection (UTIs) is a common type of infection caused by bacteria that travel up the urethra to the bladder. Globally, it is reported that 150 million people are diagnosed with a UTI annually, costing the world economy over 6 million US dollars in treatment and work loss. Studies conducted in the in-patients pediatric ward of Muhimbili Hospital in Tanzania and Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda between five to ten years reported the prevalence of UTI to be 16.8% and 14.6% respectively. On average at Kam Medical Consult Clinic, patients who turn up in the laboratory are about 20%, and 50% of patients present with recurring UTIs clinically. Therefore, there is a need to establish and investigate the prevalence of bacterial pathogens associated with UTI and multiple pathogens that are not known. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was carried out at Kam medical consult clinic (KMCC) located in Kafeero zone Mulago II Kawempe division. The study population was adults and children presenting with symptoms of urinary tract infection. 120 Midstream urine Samples were collected from patients presenting clinical signs of UTI. The diagnosis was done through macroscopy dry chemistry, microscopy, and culture. Results Among the sampled population, 33% of males had urinary tract infections while 67% of females had urinary tract infections. 88.5% were outpatients while 11.5 % were in-patients The overall prevalence of UTI among patients was 63.3% with children aged (1-10) having a prevalence of 5.8 %. Conclusion and recommendation: E.coli is an etiological agent causing UTIs in male and female patients presenting UTI at Kam Medical Consult Clinic. Other etiological agents included Klebsiella, Coliform, Enterococcus species, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas species, and candida species. There is a need to monitor the profile of etiological bacteria of UTI through culture and sensitivity regularly.