scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ACINETOBACTER SPECIES AMONG VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL, SVIMS, TIRUPATHI.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
P. Sneha ◽  
N. Ramakrishna ◽  
R. Jayaprada ◽  
K.K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp

Multidrug resistance isolates of Acinetobacter sp. are increasing due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics in health care settings. The incidence of resistance to broad spectrum antibiotics is increasing and thus posing a therapeutic challenge. All samples were processed and isolates were identified as per standard protocol. 5Antibiotic susceptibility of all isolates was determined by the standard Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per Clinical laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines 2017.6 Majority of the Acinetobacter sp. were isolated from E.T aspirates (47.3%). In our study A.baumannii (65.3%) was the most common species responsible for the infections. Among 150 Acinetobacter isolates, 68% of isolates were multidrug resistant organisms, 52% were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and 44% of isolates were carbapenem resistant. To abate antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobials ought to be prescribed sensibly and observational antimicrobial treatment ought to be resolved for every hospital as per institutional antibiogram. Strict adherence to the antibiotic policy and proper implementation of antibiotic stewardship program in coordination with clinicians can reduce emergence of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species which is of great concern.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Pseudomonas Species Isolated from Various Clinical Samples at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Rabin Gyawali ◽  
Ram Bahadur Khadka ◽  
Basudha Shrestha ◽  
Sarita Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Considerable increase in the prevalence and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas has been observed with towering morbidity and mortality. As a consequence of the haphazard use of antimicrobials, the spread of antimicrobial resistance is now a global issue. This study aimed to access the distribution rate and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas species isolated from various clinical specimens in Kathmandu Model Hospital, Nepal. During the study period, 1252 samples were collected, cultured and the organism was isolated and identified. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Out of 1252 samples, 28 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas species were isolated. The highest number of Pseudomonas spp. was isolated from swab samples that included pus, ear, and wound (46.4 %). Pseudomonas spp. demonstrated marked resistance against cefixime (96.4 %) and showed higher sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam (92.9 %). The result showed pus, wound exudates, ear discharges samples exhibit Pseudomonas as common etiology of infection. Pseudomonas spp. demonstrated highest sensitivity against piperacillin/tazobactam, amikacin, meropenem, gentamycin. The steady resistance of Pseudomonas spp. to most of the antibiotics, necessitates these drugs to be confined to extreme infections and hospital intensive care units to circumvent the speedy emergence of resistant strains.

scholarly journals Association of Biofilm Formation with Antimicrobial Resistance Among the Acinetobacter Species in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizun Nahar ◽  
Shaheda Anwar ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Species

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to detect biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species and to observe correlation between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance among Acinetobacter isolates. Methods: Two hundred fifty six clinical samples collected from patients who were admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and on device, patients from Surgery, Medicine, Gynae & Obs and Urology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and from Burn unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital were included in this study. Biofilm formation and antibiotyping were performed for the isolates of Acinetobacter species recovered from clinical samples including tracheal aspirates, blood, urine, wound swab, pus, throat swab, endotracheal tubes, burn samples, ascitic fluid, sputum, aural swab, oral swab, cerebrospinal fluid, and catheter tip. Correlation of biofilm formation with antimicrobial resistance pattern among Acinetobacter isolates were also observed in this study. Result: A total of 256 various specimens were studied of which 95 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 161 Non ICU samples. Out of 95 ICU and 161 Non ICU samples, Acinetobacter species were isolated from 32 (33.7%) and 20(12.4%) respectively. From 32 ICU and 20 Non ICU Acinetobacter isolates, 28 (87.5%) and 11 (55%) were biofilm producers. Biofilm forming capacity of Acinetobacter species was significantly (p<0.008) greater in ICU than in Non ICU isolates. In both ICU and Non ICU isolates, biofilm forming Acinetobacter species were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, and aztreonam. Resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, amikacin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem was higher among biofilm forming Acinetobacter isolates in ICU than Non ICU isolates. Susceptibility to colistin was 100% in Non ICU isolates but in ICU it showed 7.1% resistance. Conclusions: This investigation showed that most of the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species were biofilm producers especially from ICU samples and they were multidrug resistant. Even polymixin resistant Acinetobacter isolates are slowly emerging. This is very alerming for us that biofilm forming multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species represents a severe threat in the treatment of hospitalized patients. So, antibiotic policy and guidelines are essential to eliminate major outbreak in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i1.14533 J MEDICINE 2013; 14 : 28-32

scholarly journals Prevalence of multidrug-resistance and bla and blaIMP genes among gram-negative clinical isolates in tertiary care hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehraj Ansari ◽  
Subhas Chandra Aryal ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Kul Raj Rai ◽  
Susil Pyakurel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Background and Objectives: Carbapenems have been the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase (blaVIM and bla ) producing isolates among Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,151 clinical samples were collected from the patients visiting Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied Science and Annapurna Research Centre, Kathmandu, between June 2017 and January 2018. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed on the Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The modified Hodge test (MHT) was performed on the carbapenem-resistant isolates to confirm carbapenemase production. DNA was extracted and then screened for blaVIM and blaIMP genes by multiplex PCR. Results: Of the total 1,151 clinical samples, 253 (22.0%) showed positive growth. Of them, 226 (89.3%) were identified as Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii. Among the 226 isolates, 106 (46.9%) were multidrug-resistant. Out of the 106, 97 (91.5%) isolates showed resistance to at least one of the carbapenem used. Among the 97 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 67 (69.1%) showed the modified Hodge test (MHT) positive results. bla isolates respectively using multiplex PCR assay. Conclusion: This study determined a high prevalence of MDR and carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii as detected by the presence of blaVIM and blaIMP genes. This study recommends the use of rapid and advanced diagnostic tools along with conventional phenotypic detection methods in the clinical settings for early detection and management of drug-resistant pathogens to improve treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of ESBL and MBL Producing Acinetobacter species Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital in North-West Region of Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 524-532
Author(s):  
Sumitra Kumari Sanju Pannu ◽  
Anjli Gupta Geeta Tinna ◽  
B.P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
North West ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

This study was conducted with an objective to find the prevalence of extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) and metallo betalactamase (MBL) in Acinetobacter species. It was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Sardar Patel Medical college, Bikaner from Feb 2018 to Feb.2019. in various clinical specimens including urine, pus, blood, vaginal swabs, respiratory samples, and various body fluids were processed Acinetobacter species isolates were identified by standard protocols. Antibiotic sensitivity testing for all isolates was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Disc potentiation test was performed to check ESBL and MBL production in these bacteria. Maximum ESBL and MBL positive isolates of Acinetobacter species were observed among E.T. tube samples. Early detection, stringent antibiotic policies, and compliance towards infection control practices are the best defenses against this organisms.

scholarly journals Bacterial coinfections and secondary infections in COVID-19 patients from a tertiary care hospital of northern India: Time to adhere to culture-based practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhawna Sharma ◽  
Priya Sreenivasan ◽  
Manisha Biswal ◽  
Varun Mahajan ◽  
Vikas Suri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: Bacterial co-pathogens are common in various viral respiratory tract infections, leading to increased disease severity and mortality. Still, they are understudied during large outbreaks and pandemics. This study was conducted to highlight the overall burden of these infections in COVID-19 patients admitted to our tertiary care hospital, along with their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Material and methods: During the six-month study period, clinical samples (blood samples, respiratory samples, and sterile body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) of COVID-19 patients with suspected bacterial coinfections (at presentation) or secondary infections (after 48 hours of hospitalization) were received and processed for the same. Results: Clinical samples of 814 COVID-19 patients were received for bacterial culture and susceptibility. Out of the total patient sample, 75% had already received empirical antibiotics before the samples were sent for analysis. Overall, 17.9% of cultures were positive for bacterial infections. Out of the total patients with bacterial infection, 74% (108/146) of patients had secondary bacterial infections (after 48 hours of hospitalization) and 26% (38/146) had bacterial coinfections (at the time of admission). Out of the 143 total isolates obtained, the majority (86%) were gram-negative organisms, of which Acinetobacter species was the commonest organism (35.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.1%). The majority (50.7%) of the pathogenic organisms reported were multidrug resistant. Conclusion: The overall rate of secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) in our study was lower (7.9%) than reported by other studies. A rational approach would be to adhere to the practice of initiating culture-based guidance for antibiotics and to restrict unnecessary empirical antimicrobial therapy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Multidrug-resistant and Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates in Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
Rojina Darnal ◽  
Mehraj Ansari ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Kul Raj Rai ◽  
Shiba Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Carbapenemases are the enzymes that catalyze β–lactam groups of antibiotics. The carbapenemase producers are resistant to β–lactam antibiotics and are usually multidrug-resistant bacteria challenging widely used therapeutics and treatment options. Therefore, the detection of carbapenemase activity among clinical isolates is of great therapeutic importance. We aimed to study the MDR and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. A total of 3,579 clinical samples were collected from the patients visiting the Department of Microbiology, B&B Hospital, Gwarko, Lalitpur. The samples were processed to isolate K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa and then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Phenotypic detection of carbapenemase activity was performed in the imipenem-resistant isolates by the modified Hodge test (MHT). Of the total samples, 1,067 (29.8%) samples showed significant growth positivity, out of which 190 (17.3%) isolates were K. pneumoniae and 121 (11.3%) were P. aeruginosa. Multidrug resistance was seen in 70.5% of the K. pneumoniae isolates and 65.3% of the P. aeruginosa isolates. Carbapenemase production was confirmed in 11.9%, and 12.2% of the imipenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively, by the MHT. This study determined the higher prevalence of MDR among K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa; however, carbapenemase production was relatively low.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Sri Lanka: First report of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirittamulla Gamage Maheshika Kumudunie ◽  
Wijesooriya Rathnayaka Pathirennehalage Lakmini Inoka Wijesooriya ◽  
Kalubowilage Dhananja Namalie ◽  
Narapity Pathirannehalage Sunil-Chandra ◽  
Yasanandana Supunsiri Wijayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Major Mechanism

Abstract Background Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) and carbapenamase producing Enterocacteriaceae (CPE) are widely disseminated globally creating a huge public health threat. Even though incidence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is rapidly growing, the epidemiological data regarding the occurrence of CRE in Sri Lanka is scarce. In this study, we determined the prevalence of ESBP-PE and CRE and the genetic determinants of CPE. Methods A total of 593 clinically significant Enterobacteriaceae was isolated from different clinical samples (urine, pus/wound, respiratory, blood, and other sterile specimens) at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka from December 2017 – February 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility and identification of ESBL-PE, CRE were done by disc diffusion method. CRE were identified to species level using a rapid identification kit and carbapenemase production was determined by modified carbapenem inactivation method. The presence of blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like genes were detected by PCR. Results The overall prevalence of ESBL-PE and CRE were found to be 26.0% and 9.6%, respectively. The rate of ESBL-PE in different sample types ranged from 18.2% to 30.8% with the highest prevalence among uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. The occurrence of CRE ranged from 6.7% to 20.8% with the highest prevalence among respiratory Enterobacteriaceae. CRE species identified were K. pneumoniae (80.7%), E. coli (5.3%), C. freundii (7.0%), P. rettgeri (3.5%), E. cloacae (1.7%), and E. aerogenes (1.7%). The carbapenemase production was detected in 94.7% of CRE isolates. The carbapenemases found were OXA-48-like (88.9%), NDM (14.8%), and KPC (3.7%). Conclusions The prevalence of CRE in Sri Lanka is alarming. Carbapenamse production was the major mechanism of carbapenem resistance and K. pneumoniae was the predominant CRE. Presence of KPC enzyme was detected in addition to the previously reported NDM and OXA-48-like carbapenamases in Sri Lanka. The rapid spread of CPE, necessitates the prompt implementation of preventive measures in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiogram of nonfermenting gram negative bacilli isolates obtained from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital, Bathinda, Punjab, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Amarjit Kaur Gill ◽  
Satnam Singh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) have emerged as important healthcare associated pathogens in recent years. Infections caused by these bacteria are almost always secondary to some predisposing factors in patients such as burns, prolonged antimicrobial therapy, immunosuppression etc. The Objectives of the study was to be carried out with an objective to identify NFGNB upto genus and species level and study their antimicrobial sensitivity/ resistance pattern so that empiric therapy could be selected accordingly.Methods: A total of 2261 clinical samples were collected from patients admitted in ICU and different wards of the hospital. All samples were processed according to standard microbiological procedures. Identification of NFGNB upto genus and species level was done by various biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method results were interpreted in accordance with clinical laboratory standards institute guidelines.Results: In this study, 365 NFGNB were obtained accounting for their prevalence of 16.1%. P. aeruginosa was the commonest NFGNB isolated in this study accounting for 52.6%, A. baumannii was the second common NFGNB isolated (31.7%). Other NFGNB isolates were obtained with a lesser frequency. P. aeruginosa isolates were highly sensitive to polymyxin B and colistin followed by imipenem. Most of the A. baumannii isolates were multidrug resistant.Conclusions: This study gives an alarming sign towards high prevalence of multi drug resistant NFGNB in our hospital. Therefore, improved antibiotic stewardship and strict protocols for hand washing need to be implemented to prevent emergence and spread of multidrug resistant NFGNB in health care settings.

scholarly journals A Clinical-Bacteriological Profile of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Tertiary Care Hospital Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa is predominant agent causing nosocomial infections. In recent time, it develops resistance continuously to the antibiotics becomes Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. So, in cystic fibrosis patents it difficult to eradicate P. aeruginosa infections with antimicrobial treatment. Therefore, focus on alternative mechanisms for treating P. aeruginosa infections. On the basis of growth, morphological and biochemical characteristics, P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from the clinical samples in this work. After that the antibiotic sensitivity was performed and the Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified according to CLSI standard guideline chart by measuring the zone of inhibition for P. aeruginosa. The isolated strains showed resistance against three or more antibiotics, considered as MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By antibiogram pattern 51 showed Multi drug resistant strains out of 102 isolated strains. As P. aeruginosa abide to develop resistance to the antibiotics, the quorum sensing increased transcriptional regulator QscR might performs another target. Thus the prevalence of MDR strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated on current study. The antibiogram pattern revealed 51 MDR strains of P. aeruginosa. In which the majority of strains exhibited resistance towards Piperacillin (98%), Ciprofloxacin (90%), Ofloxacin (90%), Levofloxacin (80%) and Tobramycin (60%).

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