A STUDY OF NEONATAL OUTCOMES IN BABIES BORN TO COVID- 19 POSITIVE MOTHERS

MATERIAL & METHOD: This retrospective study was conducted during the period of June-August 2020 for 3months in newborns born to COVID-19 positive mothers at YMCH after obtaining ethical clearance. All newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 positive status during any trimester of pregnancy, irrespective of neonatal COVID-19 RT-PCR test, and delivered at YMCH during the study period were included. Relevant history and complete systemic examination ndings of the neonate were noted down from the case records and laboratory results of RT-PCR test on nasopharyngeal and throat swab if done was noted down which was done at 24-48hours of birth.RESULT:Total of 25newborns born to COVID-19 positive mothers were included in the study. Among the neonates born, 64% were female and 36% were male. 76% of the pregnant mothers were asymptomatic at the time of detection of COVID-19 infection. The neonatal outcome found to have only 1 newborn with positive COVID-19 infection compared to 24 healthy newborns. CONCLUSION: Signicant measures for preventing neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection are to prevent maternal illness and to decrease the potential of neonatal viral exposure.

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Is the Portable Chest Radiographic More Reliable to Reveal Covid19 in Highly Suspicion Patient before Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Test?

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol06-i03/1085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (03) ◽

pp. 228-236

Author(s):

Bushra A. A. Albazi ◽

Dr Noof. Albaz ◽

Dr Nayef. Alqahtani ◽

Dr. Angham Salih ◽

Dr Rafat Mohtasab

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

X Ray ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Rate Type ◽

Test Result ◽

Pcr Test

A large number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present at hospitals. There are a limited number of isolation rooms open, and patients must often wait a long time to get a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test done. This necessitates the introduction of effective triage plans. A patient with suspicions is referred to an emergency room (ED) depending on their medical record for a simple physical assessment, blood test findings, and chest imaging.A retrospective study design was conduct at Prince Sultan Medical Military City (PSMMC). Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional board to wave the consent forms since it is a retrospective study. Only the primary investigator has had the data access to the patients’ medical records. The collected patient records were under specific categories, including symptoms score starts from 5 and above, RT-PCR test result done after CXRP imaging, the patient admitted to the emergency department (ED). Excluding all CXRP done after RT-PCR TEST, positive Covid 19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), pediatric patients, and patients with score symptoms were less than five. Two experienced radiologists reviewed the images blindly, and the inter-observer reliability of observations noted by the radiologists was calculated. As for the relationship between the x-ray reading and the RT-PCR test result, our results showed a high correlation between the variables (chi-square χ² = 12.44, with df =1, and p<0.001). The sensitivity of x-ray diagnosing covid19 was 65.52 %, while the specificity was 54.51 %, and the accuracy of radiologists reading was 58.17 %. Furthermore, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 41.76 %, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 76.05%. Finally, the false positive rate (type-i error (alpha) was 45.49%, and the false-negative rate (type-ii error (beta) was 34.48% Our research findings show that CXRP imaging can detect COVID-19 infection in symptomatic patients and can be a valuable addition to RT-PCR testing. In an inpatient ED environment where availability of test kits, laboratory equipment, and laboratory personnel is compromised and risks delaying patient treatment and hospital workflow, serial CXRP could theoretically be used as an adjunct diagnostic function and monitoring in patients suspected of having COVID-19.

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Characteristics of recovered COVID-19 patients with recurrent positive RT-PCR findings in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05463-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tie-Jun Shui ◽

Chao Li ◽

Hong-bing Liu ◽

Xiaohua Chen ◽

Bi-ke Zhang

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Throat Swab ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Two months after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, tens of thousands of hospitalized patients had recovered, and little is known about the follow-up of the recovered patients. Methods The clinical characteristics, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results from throat swab specimens and the results of serological COVID-19 rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were retrospectively reviewed for a total of 758 recovered patients who were previously hospitalized in 17 hospitals and quarantined at 32 rehabilitation stations in Wuhan, China. Results In total, 59 patients (7.78%) had recurrent positive findings for COVID-19 on RT-PCR from throat swabs. With regard to antibody detection, 50/59 (84.75%) and 4/59 (6.78%) patients had positive IgG or dual positive IgG/IgM RDT results, respectively. Conclusions Some patients who had been quarantined and had subsequently recovered from COVID-19 had recurrent positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2, and the possibility of transmission of the virus by recovered patients needs further investigation. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR2000033580, Jun 6th 2020. Retrospectively registered.

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Continued nucleic acid tests for SARS-CoV-2 following discharge of patients with COVID-19 in Lu’an, China

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11617 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11617

Author(s):

Yong Lyu ◽

Danni Wang ◽

Xiude Li ◽

Tianqi Gong ◽

Pengpeng Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Throat Swab ◽

Nucleic Acid Testing ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Positive Group ◽

The Third ◽

Anal Swab ◽

Discharge Criteria ◽

Pcr Test

Background Studies have shown that discharged Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have retested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during a follow-up RT-PCR test. We sought to assess the results of continued nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 patients in COVID-19 patients after they were discharged in Lu’an, China. Methods We conducted RT-PCR tests on sputum, throat swabs, fecal or anal swabs, and urine samples collected from 67 COVID-19 patients following discharge. Samples were collected on the 7th and 14th days following discharge. Patients testing positive on the 7th or 14th day were retested after 24 hours until they tested negative twice. Results Seventeen (17/67, 25.4%) discharged COVID-19 patients had a positive RT-PCR retest for SARS-CoV-2. Among them, 14 (82.4%) were sputum positive, five (29.4%) were throat swab positive, seven (41.2%) were fecal or anal swab positive, one (5.9%) was urine sample positive, five (29.4%) were both sputum and throat swab positive, four (23.5%) were both sputum and fecal test positive, and one (5.9%) was positive of all four specimens. The shortest period of time between discharge and the last positive test was 7 days, the longest was 48 days, and the median was 16 days. The proportion of positive fecal or anal swab tests increased from the third week. The median Cq cut-off values after onset were 26.7 after the first week, 37.7 the second to sixth week, and 40 after the sixth week. There were no significant differences between the RT-PCR retest positive group and the unrecovered positive group. Conclusions There was a high proportion of patients who retested positive for COVID-19. Discharge criteria have remained fairly consistent so we encourage regions affected by COVID-19 to appropriately amend their current criteria.

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Trends of COVID-19 Admissions in an Italian Hub during the Pandemic Peak: Large Retrospective Study Focused on Older Subjects

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10051115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1115

Author(s):

Andrea Ticinesi ◽

Antonio Nouvenne ◽

Nicoletta Cerundolo ◽

Alberto Parise ◽

Beatrice Prati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Second Phase ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Respiratory Impairment ◽

Clinical Records ◽

Pandemic Wave ◽

Pcr Test

Older multimorbid frail subjects have been severely involved in the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this retrospective study is to compare the clinical features and outcomes of patients admitted in different phases of the outbreak in a COVID-19 hospital hub, with a particular focus on age, multimorbidity, and functional dependency. The clinical records of 1264 patients with clinical and radiological features compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted in February–June, 2020, were analyzed, retrieving demographical, clinical, laboratory data, and outcomes. All variables were compared after stratification by the period of admission (first phase: rising slope of pandemic wave; second phase: plateau and falling slope), age, results of the first reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), multimorbidity (≥2 chronic diseases), and presence of disability. Factors independently associated with hospital mortality were determined by multivariate forward-selection logistic regression. Patients admitted during the second phase were older, more frequently multimorbid, disabled, and of female gender. However, on admission they exhibited milder respiratory impairment (PaO2/FiO2 268, IQR 174–361, vs. 238, IQR 126–327 mmHg, p < 0.001) and lower mortality (22% vs. 27%, p < 0.001). Age, respiratory exchanges, positive RT-PCR test, number of chronic diseases (odds ratio (OR) 1.166, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.036–1.313, p = 0.011), and disability (OR 1.927, 95% CI 1.027–3.618, p = 0.022) were positively associated with mortality, while admission during the second phase exhibited an inverse association (OR 0.427, 95% CI 0.260–0.700, p = 0.001). In conclusion, older multimorbid patients were mainly hospitalized during the second phase of the pandemic wave. The prognosis was strongly influenced by the COVID-19 phenotype and period of admission, not just by age, multimorbidity, and disability.

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A Case Report of COVID-19 in a Pregnant Woman with Clinical Manifestations of Chorioamnionitis in Ilam, Iran

international journal high risk behaviors & addiction ◽

10.5812/ijhrba.105178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Nasrin Rashan ◽

Mona Bahmani ◽

Ashraf Direkvand-Moghadam

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Throat Swab ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽

Premature Rupture ◽

Pregnant Mothers ◽

Swab Specimen

Introduction: Confrontation with COVID-19 has threatened all people of the world, including pregnant women, as a high-risk group. Case Presentation: The present study presents a 29-year-old female G1P0 at 33 weeks’ gestation. The patient’s initial complaint was the premature rupture of membranes. The patient’s vital signs showed an abnormal pulse rate and temperature. Initial assessments were carried out, including regular monitoring and recording of vital signs, mother’s blood ABG, uterine contractions, laboratory tests, and fetal heart rate. Treatment for chorioamnionitis began with intravenous ampicillin, gentamicin, and oral erythromycin. Because of the epidemic of COVID-19 in Iran and Ilam, a throat swab specimen was obtained from the upper respiratory tract of the patient. The RT-PCR assay confirmed that the throat swab sample of the patient was positive for COVID-19. A throat swab specimen was taken from the newborn for RT-PCR. Also, the mother’s chest CT scan was done that showed abnormality; however, the RT-PCR throat swab specimen was negative for the newborn. The patient was transferred to the COVID-19 care unit. She was healthily discharged from the hospital with two negative RT-PCR tests. Her newborn was followed for two weeks, and no symptoms of COVID-19 were reported. Conclusions: Some major prenatal complications, including fetal distress, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, and amniotic fluid abnormalities, have been reported among some pregnant women infected with COVID-19 (7); however, the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are deceptive. Therefore, low attention to all aspects of COVID-19 and late examination would increase the risk of spreading the disease among therapists providing services and other hospitalized mothers. These concerns make pregnant mothers afraid of even the most necessary referrals for appropriate and necessary midwifery interventions. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to two important issues: first, the concerns and anxieties of pregnant mothers and second, making the diagnosis in suspected cases as soon as possible.

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Covid-19: A review of its clinical features, effects on gastrointestinal system and possibility of faecal transmission

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.2881 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 623-627

Author(s):

Kanishk K Adhit ◽

Anjankar Ashish P ◽

Siddhaarth K

Keyword(s):

Clinical Presentation ◽

Throat Swab ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Review Article ◽

Gastrointestinal System ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Significant Evidence ◽

Stool Samples ◽

High Possibility ◽

Positive Results

In China, Wuhan in the province of China, COVID-19 a patient suffering from pneumonia was tested and to identify the cause, the throat swab of the patient was tested. On 7th January 2020 WHO declared the identification as COVID-19. And then it was proclaimed as a pandemic. It classically causes a respiratory illness presenting as a mild cough, fever and . However, several investigators have advocated the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract and liver in COVID-19 infection similar to other infections. Further research studies have shown results that are expanding the possibility of transmission because RT-PCR assessment has shown significant evidence for the presence of virus not only in samples but also in stool samples. Studies have shown that virus in stool samples have got positive results even after the illness has resolved, and two respiratory tests were done 24 hours after COVID-19 being tested negative. The review article the different findings of the clinical presentation of COVID-19. It sheds light on the effects of COVID-19 in the gastrointestinal system along with the reasons for the high possibility of transmission of COVID-19 through the route.

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Superiority of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry over Real-Time PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13050730 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 730

Author(s):

Magda Rybicka ◽

Ewa Miłosz ◽

Krzysztof Piotr Bielawski

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Viral Genome ◽

False Negative ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Rna Detection ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Negative Results ◽

False Negative Results ◽

Pcr Test

At present, the RT-PCR test remains the gold standard for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence demonstrating that this technique may generate false-negative results. Here, we aimed to compare the new mass spectrometry-based assay MassARRAY® SARS-CoV-2 Panel with the RT-PCR diagnostic test approved for clinical use. The study group consisted of 168 suspected patients with symptoms of a respiratory infection. After simultaneous analysis by RT-PCR and mass spectrometry methods, we obtained discordant results for 17 samples (10.12%). Within fifteen samples officially reported as presumptive positive, 13 were positive according to the MS-based assay. Moreover, four samples reported by the officially approved RT-PCR as negative were positive in at least one MS assay. We have successfully demonstrated superior sensitivity of the MS-based assay in SARS-CoV-2 detection, showing that MALDI-TOF MS seems to be ideal for the detection as well as discrimination of mutations within the viral genome.

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The role of CT imaging for management of COVID-19 in epidemic area: early experience from a University Hospital

Insights into Imaging ◽

10.1186/s13244-020-00957-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vikram rao Bollineni ◽

Koenraad Hans Nieboer ◽

Seema Döring ◽

Nico Buls ◽

Johan de Mey

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Ct Imaging ◽

Chest Ct ◽

University Hospital ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Ct Findings ◽

Epidemic Area ◽

Chest Ct Scan ◽

Pcr Test

Abstract Background To evaluate the clinical value of the chest CT scan compared to the reference standard real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in COVID-19 patients. Methods From March 29th to April 15th of 2020, a total of 240 patients with respiratory distress underwent both a low-dose chest CT scan and RT-PCR tests. The performance of chest CT in diagnosing COVID-19 was assessed with reference to the RT-PCR result. Two board-certified radiologists (mean 24 years of experience chest CT), blinded for the RT-PCR result, reviewed all scans and decided positive or negative chest CT findings by consensus. Results Out of 240 patients, 60% (144/240) had positive RT-PCR results and 89% (213/240) had a positive chest CT scans. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of chest CT in suggesting COVID-19 were 100% (95% CI: 97–100%, 144/240), 28% (95% CI: 19–38%, 27/240), 68% (95% CI: 65–70%) and 100%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the chest CT suggesting COVID-19 was 71% (95% CI: 65–77%). Thirty-three patients with positive chest CT scan and negative RT-PCR test at baseline underwent repeat RT-PCR assay. In this subgroup, 21.2% (7/33) cases became RT-PCR positive. Conclusion Chest CT imaging has high sensitivity and high NPV for diagnosing COVID-19 and can be considered as an alternative primary screening tool for COVID-19 in epidemic areas. In addition, a negative RT-PCR test, but positive CT findings can still be suggestive of COVID-19 infection.

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Delayed pulmonary embolism after COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report

European Heart Journal - Case Reports ◽

10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa449 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamad Kanso ◽

Thomas Cardi ◽

Halim Marzak ◽

Alexandre Schatz ◽

Loïc Faucher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Index Hospitalization ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Moderate Severity ◽

Respiratory Status ◽

Case Summary ◽

Pcr Test

Abstract Background Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, several cardiovascular manifestations have been described. Among them, venous thromboembolism (VTE) seems to be one of the most frequent, particularly in intensive care unit patients. We report two cases of COVID-19 patients developing acute pulmonary embolism (PE) after discharge from a first hospitalization for pneumonia of moderate severity. Case summary Two patients with positive RT-PCR test were initially hospitalized for non-severe COVID-19. Both received standard thromboprophylaxis during the index hospitalization and had no strong predisposing risk factors for VTE. Few days after discharge, they were both readmitted for worsening dyspnoea due to PE. One patient was positive for lupus anticoagulant. Discussion Worsening respiratory status in COVID-19 patients must encourage physicians to search for PE since SARS-CoV-2 infection may act as a precipitant risk factor for VTE. Patients may thus require more aggressive and longer thromboprophylaxis after COVID-19 related hospitalization.

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