scholarly journals Identification and Ranking of Ruminants Disease of Economic Importance in Plateau State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Rayyanu A. Usman
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Plateau State

The economic burden of livestock diseases and inadequate veterinary services across the length and breadth of Nigeria reiterates the importance of sustained animal disease surveillance for sustainable prevention and control of diseases. This study was conducted with a view to identify and rank diseases of ruminants that are of economic importance in Plateau State. Basic descriptive analysis was performed, and the result expressed in frequencies and percentages. The result revealed that Foot and mouth disease 25.2% is the most predominant disease that affects cattle in the state. While Peste des petits ruminants 41.54% and tick infestation 34.3% are the diseases that mostly affect sheep and goats, respectively. This study also established that Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia 33.6% and Peste des petits ruminants 43.2% are the major diseases responsible for mortality in cattle and small ruminants, respectively. Most importantly, this study also revealed the practice of self-administration of medications by pastorals in the treatment of their sick animals, as such the need to enlighten farmers on the importance of correct diagnosis, cost-effective treatment regimen and consultation with professionals in the livestock healthcare delivery value chain were discussed..

scholarly journals Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem, 2015–2019

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 838
Author(s):  
Bryony A. Jones ◽  
Mana Mahapatra ◽  
Daniel Mdetele ◽  
Julius Keyyu ◽  
Francis Gakuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Weighted Estimate ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of goats and sheep that occurs in Africa, the Middle East and Asia with a severe impact on livelihoods and livestock trade. Many wild artiodactyls are susceptible to PPR virus (PPRV) infection, and some outbreaks have threatened endangered wild populations. The role of wild species in PPRV epidemiology is unclear, which is a knowledge gap for the Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR. These studies aimed to investigate PPRV infection in wild artiodactyls in the Greater Serengeti and Amboseli ecosystems of Kenya and Tanzania. Out of 132 animals purposively sampled in 2015–2016, 19.7% were PPRV seropositive by ID Screen PPR competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA; IDvet, France) from the following species: African buffalo, wildebeest, topi, kongoni, Grant’s gazelle, impala, Thomson’s gazelle, warthog and gerenuk, while waterbuck and lesser kudu were seronegative. In 2018–2019, a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected African buffalo and Grant’s gazelle herds was conducted. The weighted estimate of PPRV seroprevalence was 12.0% out of 191 African buffalo and 1.1% out of 139 Grant’s gazelles. All ocular and nasal swabs and faeces were negative by PPRV real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Investigations of a PPR-like disease in sheep and goats confirmed PPRV circulation in the area by rapid detection test and/or RT-qPCR. These results demonstrated serological evidence of PPRV infection in wild artiodactyl species at the wildlife–livestock interface in this ecosystem where PPRV is endemic in domestic small ruminants. Exposure to PPRV could be via spillover from infected small ruminants or from transmission between wild animals, while the relatively low seroprevalence suggests that sustained transmission is unlikely. Further studies of other major wild artiodactyls in this ecosystem are required, such as impala, Thomson’s gazelle and wildebeest.

scholarly journals Review of Peste des Petits Ruminants Occurrence and Spread in Tanzania

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Daniel Pius Mdetele ◽  
Erick Komba ◽  
Misago Dimson Seth ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Richard Kock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an important transboundary animal disease of domestic small ruminants, camels, and wild artiodactyls. The disease has significant socio-economic impact on communities that depend on livestock for their livelihood and is a threat to endangered susceptible wild species. The aim of this review was to describe the introduction of PPR to Tanzania and its subsequent spread to different parts of the country. On-line databases were searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature, formal and informal reports were obtained from Tanzanian Zonal Veterinary Investigation Centres and Laboratories, and Veterinary Officers involved with PPR surveillance were contacted. PPR virus (PPRV) was confirmed in northern Tanzania in 2008, although serological data from samples collected in the region in 1998 and 2004, and evidence that the virus was already circulating in Uganda in 2003, suggests that PPRV might have been present earlier than this. It is likely that the virus which became established in Tanzania was introduced from Kenya between 2006–7 through the cross-border movement of small ruminants for trade or grazing resources, and then spread to eastern, central, and southern Tanzania from 2008 to 2010 through movement of small ruminants by pastoralists and traders. There was no evidence of PPRV sero-conversion in wildlife based on sera collected up to 2012, suggesting that they did not play a vectoring or bridging role in the establishment of PPRV in Tanzania. PPRV lineages II, III and IV have been detected, indicating that there have been several virus introductions. PPRV is now considered to be endemic in sheep and goats in Tanzania, but there has been no evidence of PPR clinical disease in wildlife species in Tanzania, although serum samples collected in 2014 from several wild ruminant species were PPRV sero-positive. Similarly, no PPR disease has been observed in cattle and camels. In these atypical hosts, serological evidence indicates exposure to PPRV infection, most likely through spillover from infected sheep and goats. Some of the challenges for PPRV eradication in Tanzania include movements of small ruminants, including transboundary movements, and the capacity of veterinary services for disease surveillance and vaccination. Using wildlife and atypical domestic hosts for PPR surveillance is a useful indicator of endemism and the ongoing circulation of PPRV in livestock, especially during the implementation of vaccination to control or eliminate the disease in sheep and goats. PPR disease has a major socio-economic impact in Tanzania, which justifies the investment in a comprehensive PPRV eradication programme.

scholarly journals Peste des petits ruminants in Africa: a review of currently available molecular epidemiological data, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 (10) ◽  
pp. 2147-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Dundon ◽  
Adama Diallo ◽  
Giovanni Cattoli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Global Eradication

Abstract Small ruminants (e.g., sheep and goats) contribute considerably to the cash income and nutrition of small farmers in most countries in Africa and Asia. Their husbandry is threatened by the highly infectious transboundary viral disease peste des petits ruminants (PPR) caused by peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV). Given its social and economic impact, PPR is presently being targeted by international organizations for global eradication by 2030. Since its first description in Côte d’Ivoire in 1942, and particularly over the last 10 years, a large amount of molecular epidemiological data on the virus have been generated in Africa. This review aims to consolidate these data in order to have a clearer picture of the current PPR situation in Africa, which will, in turn, assist authorities in global eradication attempts.

Prevalence and distribution of peste des petits ruminants virus infection in small ruminants

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Siddique ◽  
Muhammad Abubakar ◽  
Muhammad Javed Arshad ◽  
Manzoor Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants

Recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
WIESŁAW NIEDBALSKI ◽  
ANDRZEJ FITZNER ◽  
KRZYSZTOF BULENGER ◽  
ANDRZEJ KĘSY
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Agar Gel

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and economically important, viral disease of small ruminants caused by the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), which belongs to the genus Morbilivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. PPR control is achieved mostly through vaccination and/or slaughter of susceptible animals coupled with clinical or laboratory-based diagnosis. Since clinical signs of PPR are not disease-specific and clinical diagnostics is not reliable, it should be confirmed by laboratory testing. Laboratory confirmation of clinical suspicions is made by detection of PPRV in blood, swabs or post-mortem tissues through classical virus isolation (VI), agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID)/agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), immunoperoxidase test (IPT) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. However, these conventional methods have been superseded by more rapid, sensitive and accurate molecular diagnostic techniques based on the amplification of parts of either nucleocapsid (N) or fusion (F) protein gene, such as RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) and Oxford nanopore MinION technology. Although these molecular diagnostic assays are accurate, rapid and sensitive, they have to be performed in laboratory settings, and samples must be transported under appropriate conditions from the field to the laboratory, which can delay the confirmation of PPRV infection. The recently developed immunochromatographic lateral flow device (IC-LFD) assay can be used in the field (“pen-side”) without the need for expensive equipment, so a well-established laboratory is not required. The control and eventual eradication of PPR is now one of the top priorities for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). In 2015, the international community agreed on a global strategy for PPR eradication, setting 2030 as a target date for elimination of the disease

scholarly journals Hereditary angioedema: an update on causes, manifestations and treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary J Longhurst ◽  
Konrad Bork
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hereditary Angioedema ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Short And Long Term

Hereditary angioedema is a rare genetic disorder caused by deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) and characterized by recurrent episodes of severe swelling that affect the limbs, face, intestinal tract and airway. Since laryngeal oedema can be life-threatening as a result of asphyxiation, correct diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema is vital. Hereditary angioedema attacks are mediated by bradykinin, the production of which is regulated by C1-INH. Hereditary angioedema therapy relies on treatment of acute attacks, and short- and long-term prophylaxis. Acute treatment options include C1-INH concentrate, icatibant and ecallantide. Self-administration of treatment is recommended and is associated with increased quality of life of patients with hereditary angioedema. Advances in diagnosis and management have improved the outcomes and quality of life of patients with hereditary angioedema.

scholarly journals Camelids and Cattle Are Dead-End Hosts for Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Schulz ◽  
Christine Fast ◽  
Ulrich Wernery ◽  
Jörg Kinne ◽  
Sunitha Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Lineage Iv

Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a severe respiratory disease in small ruminants. The possible impact of different atypical host species in the spread and planed worldwide eradication of PPRV remains to be clarified. Recent transmission trials with the virulent PPRV lineage IV (LIV)-strain Kurdistan/2011 revealed that pigs and wild boar are possible sources of PPRV-infection. We therefore investigated the role of cattle, llamas, alpacas, and dromedary camels in transmission trials using the Kurdistan/2011 strain for intranasal infection and integrated a literature review for a proper evaluation of their host traits and role in PPRV-transmission. Cattle and camelids developed no clinical signs, no viremia, shed no or only low PPRV-RNA loads in swab samples and did not transmit any PPRV to the contact animals. The distribution of PPRV-RNA or antigen in lymphoid organs was similar in cattle and camelids although generally lower compared to suids and small ruminants. In the typical small ruminant hosts, the tissue tropism, pathogenesis and disease expression after PPRV-infection is associated with infection of immune and epithelial cells via SLAM and nectin-4 receptors, respectively. We therefore suggest a different pathogenesis in cattle and camelids and both as dead-end hosts for PPRV.

scholarly journals A Targeted Survey for Scrapie in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
O. O. Nwankiti ◽  
E. I. Ikeh ◽  
O. A. Arowolo ◽  
A. J. Nwankiti ◽  
M. O. Odugbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Casualty Slaughter ◽  
Plateau State

Scrapie, a disease of sheep and goats with a progressive course and fatal outcome, has not been identified in Nigeria. Anecdotal scrapie reports by livestock workers abound. Livestock diseases like scrapie form huddles in livestock economics of countries. For 8 months we surveyed for scrapie targeting emergency/casualty slaughter sheep and goats in Jos, Nigeria. We clinically examined 510 sheep and 608 goats of local breeds, aged from 12 months to 5 years. In total 31 (5.10%) goats and no sheep were clinically suspicious for scrapie. Caudal brainstem tissues of suspect animals collected postmortem were analyzed for the disease specific form of the prion protein, PrPSc, using Bio-Rad’s TeSeE ELISA rapid test kit. No sample was positive for scrapie. Fluorescent antibody test for rabies and H&E staining on samples were carried out for differential diagnosis. These showed no pathological lesions indicative for neurological disease. While our findings do not exclude the presence of scrapie in Jos, we demonstrate that targeted sampling of small ruminants for neuroinfectious disease is feasible in developing countries, pointing to the possibility of implementing such a monitoring scheme in Nigeria to prevent economic losses in small ruminant livestock as scrapie caveats from endemic countries have shown.

scholarly journals Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus and Goatpox Virus Co-Infection in Goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-553
Author(s):  
Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi ◽  
Kati Franzke ◽  
Adeyinka Jeremy Adedeji ◽  
Reiner Ulrich ◽  
Jens Peter Teifke
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Goatpox Virus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Red Sokoto Goat ◽  
First Time

Infection of small ruminants with peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and goatpox virus (GTPV) are endemic and can have devastating economic consequences in Asia and Africa. Co-infection with these viruses have recently been reported in goats and sheep in Nigeria. In this study, we evaluated samples from the lips of a red Sokoto goat, and describe co-infection of keratinocytes with PPRV and GTPV using histopathology and transmission electron microscopy. Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were identified histologically, and ultrastructural analysis revealed numerous large cytoplasmic viral factories containing poxvirus particles and varying sizes of smaller cytoplasmic inclusions composed of PPRV nucleocapsids. These histopathological and ultrastructural findings show concurrent infection with the 2 viruses for the first time as well as the detection of PPRV particles in epithelial cells of the mucocutaneous junction of the lip.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document