scholarly journals I ritratti di uomini illustri degli Uffizi dipinti da Carlo Ventura Sacconi, Giovanni Pietro Pollini e Giovanni Berti

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-267
Author(s):  
Laura Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Shed Light

Documentary investigations conducted at the Florence State Archives contributed to shed light on eighteenth-century efforts to develop the collection of the Uomini Illustri portraits, exhibited along the walls of the Uffizi Gallery. While the original body of works had been commissioned by granduke Cosimo I to Cristofano di Papi dell’Altissimo, who had copied the series held by Paolo Giovio in his villa in Como, the Florentine collection was later enriched by a massive supply of portraits between 1719 and 1733. The desire to complete the Uffizi ‘gioviana’ series was probably due to Anna Maria Luisa de’ Medici and the artist who followed in Cristofano dell’Altissimo’s footsteps should be identified in Carlo Ventura Sacconi (1676-1762), who painted 159 portraits of illustrious men. Between 1721 and 1727 the painter also completed the so-called ‘serie Aulica’, which was displayed – just like the ‘gioviana’ series – in the corridors of the Florentine Gallery.

‘The Days of Thy Youth’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bouldin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Women Educators ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Printed Word ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Quaker Women

This chapter explores the range of ideas and activities that engaged Quaker women educators during the eighteenth century, a critical period in the development of Friends’ educational efforts. It analyses key writings of Deborah Bell, Rebecca Jones, and Priscilla Wakefield. These women adopted a variety of approaches to instructing youth, ranging from informal mentorship to formal teaching that stressed a ‘guarded’ (Quaker-only) environment. Bell, Jones, and Wakefield shed light on the leading role that Quaker women played in the education and socialization of young Friends. Their writings highlight the importance of the meetinghouse, the schoolhouse, and the printed word as public venues for women who sought to instil Quaker values in future generations.

The Rise of Merchants and Traders in Eighteenth-century Rajasthan, India: An Exploratory Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Meera Malhan ◽  
Shalini Saksena
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Commercial Relationships

The collapse of the Mughal Empire in Rajasthan during the first half of the eighteenth century initiated important reconfigurations in its polity, society and economy. Emergence of regional political order and a new notion of commercialisation widened the sphere of engagements of merchants and traders. This article traces the structural changes that ensued, focusing specifically on (a) the emergence of the non-peasant sector in agriculture, (b) the rise of a cross-caste mercantile class and (c) change in commercial relationships under the new governance between the principalities, traders, artisans and the merchants. The research is based on insights from rich archival primary sources from the Rajasthan State Archives in Bikaner, focusing primarily on careful and extensive examination of the Bahis. With the objective of enriching the current understanding of how trade and commerce played a pivotal role in serving as engines of social change and economic growth, this study finds ample evidence of thriving trade, growing commercialisation and capitalist development, characterised by complex financial networks and an intricate system of credit in highly speculative commodity trade markets. Evident economic prosperity in most parts of Rajasthan helps add to the existing literature debunking the idea of eighteenth century being a ‘dark age’.

Women’s Poetry in the Magazines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Batt
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Women Poets ◽  
Women's Poetry ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Poetic Expression ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Poetic Community ◽  
Female Poets ◽  
Poetic Culture ◽  
Shed Light

Nearly every monthly magazine published in the eighteenth century had a poetry section, a regular slot given over in each issue to poetic expression of all kinds, written by a broad range of writers, both male and female, provincial and metropolitan, amateur and established. This chapter assesses the place that women poets, both familiar and unfamiliar, occupied in the rich poetic culture that made magazines possible. Jennifer Batt’s case studies are drawn from national periodicals such as the Gentleman’s Magazine (1731–1922), London Magazine (1732–85) and British Magazine (1746–51), as well as from regional magazines. Collectively, these examples shed light on the possibilities that periodicals made available to female poets (of giving them a voice, a readership, a public profile and place within a poetic community). At the same, Batt demonstrates that women could be exploited by the medium and its editorial practices (publishing without author consent, for instance, or intrusive framing of poems) in ways that have overdetermined women poets’ critical reception.

THE DISCOURSE OF SOUND

Tempo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (277) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kaltenecker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Sound Studies ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Compositional Styles ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis article offers a short overview of the development of listening theories concerning Western art music since the end of the eighteenth century. Referring to Michel Foucault, I consider such theories as discourses which produce ‘power effects', such as the training of listening attitudes, or the construction of specific spaces, such as the Festspielhaus in Bayreuth. During the eighteenth century, predominant discourses considered musical pieces as orations and, since the nineteenth century, as complex organisms or structures. In the last third of the twentieth century a focus on sound, evinced for instance by the field of ‘sound studies', has produced a new configuration that dissolves the prevailing model of structural listening. This perspective may shed light on some technical features of contemporary compositional styles, which I examine by considering the use of melodies, gestures and loops in two compositions by Fausto Romitelli and Simon Steen-Andersen.

Further Additions to Materials for West African History in the Archives of Belgium and Holland by Patricia Carson

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
H. M. Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
West African ◽  
African History ◽  
Guinea Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Hague ◽  
State Archives

This article is a supplement to a previous article on the same subject published in the African Studies Bulletin. Before I list further citations omitted from Materials for West African History in the Archives of Belgium and Holland, I will discuss, in some detail, the nature of the archival material deposited in the Algemeen Rijksarchief, The Hague. I will attempt to enhance the brief discussions of Miss Carson while avoiding repetition of statements which seem clear and/or are adequately discussed in her book. The General State Archives, The Hague, includes two major collections of interest to the West African historian: the Archives of the West India Companies and the Archives of the Netherlands Settlements on the Guinea Coast. Initially, one must realize that most of the seventeenth-century papers of both collections have been lost or destroyed, and that as a consequence there are many gaps among the existing manuscripts. For example, volume 81 (1658-1709) of the Archives of the Netherlands Settlements on the Guinea Coast includes only manuscripts for the following times: December 25, 1658-June 12, 1660; August, 1693; and October 12-December 31, 1709. Also, most of the seventeenth-century material is written in script, whereas the eighteenth-century manuscripts, with some exceptions, are in more conventional hand-writings.

A Life Recovered: Mary Hamilton 1756-1816

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Crawley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Women's History ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Many ◽  
Significant Figures ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Women’S History

Through her own words, Mary Hamilton demonstrates the rich resources available for the study of an elite womans life during the latter part of the eighteenth-century and allows us to resurrect more fully the life of a member of an elite circle of women during this period. Her diaries reveal the many opportunities that she had to meet with a number of the significant figures of her day, and shed light on how her academic efforts were perceived by those around her. This article shows how her writings offer researchers an insight into eighteenth-century society as viewed and lived by a woman who was close not only to the centre of high society but also to the intellectual elite of the day. It considers how valuable a resource the diaries and papers are as a potential research tool not only for the study of women‘s history but as a rich resource for the period.

Provocative Wealth: Non-Muslim Elites in Eighteenth-Century Aleppo

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Maurits van den Boogert
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Legal System ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Status ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractIn the Western sources, the Ottoman legal system is often portrayed as unreliable and incidents of Europeans or Ottoman protégés of Western embassies and consulates who claimed to have been maltreated abound. These reports strengthened the common notion in Europe that Ottoman government officials were rapacious and corrupt. The article challenges these views by analyzing two incidents from 18th-century Aleppo, which shed light not only on the dynamics of Ottoman-European relations on the ground, but also on the status of non-Muslim elites in the Ottoman Empire.

Notes on Vegetius

1999 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 182-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Shed Light

Vegetius wrote his Epitoma rei militaris between 383 and 450. It survives in at least 220 witnesses designed to be complete, perhaps a dozen of them written in the ninth century. The earliest editions were all printed from inferior manuscripts, and later printers largely followed what is in many respects the worst of them, published at Rome in 1487. In the eighteenth century none of the older and better manuscripts happened to be preserved in the place that would have given it the best chance of making a mark, namely Leiden, and only G, which had reached Wolfenbüttel, seems to have been collated, first by G. Kortte, then by Wernsdorf for N. Schwebel's edition (Nürnberg 1767); not until Friedrich Haase in 1847 reported the outcome of a preliminary exploration, undertaken because he planned a corpus of ancient military tracts, did most of the others emerge. Carl Lang used several for his Teubner editions of 1869 and 1885, such a milestone that for critical purposes the earlier editions seldom repay consultation. The new Teubner edition of Alf Önnerfors, which appeared in 1995, has a fuller apparatus, but his preface sheds less light on the nature of the tradition than might have been expected; indeed, it restores darkness to areas where Lang shed light.

Sex Ratio and Ethnicity: a Reply to Paul E. Lovejoy

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Geggus
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
Ethnicity Data ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Accurate Reflection

I feel I should make clear that the ethnicity data in my article were intended only to shed light on the question of sex ratio. They do not provide an accurate reflection of the ethnic make-up of the eighteenth-century French slave trade, nor even of the trade to Saint Domingue. For this reason, I would hesitate to compare them, as Professor Lovejoy does, to Patrick Manning's projections based on decennial samples of plantation papers. The relatively high proportion of Hausa, Nupe and Voltaic slaves that Lovejoy remarks on was caused by the preponderance of post-1780 sources in my sample.

scholarly journals Percepciones de la fiesta en la España del siglo XVIII : la mirada ajena

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Maruri Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marked Preference ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Shed Light

La fiesta en la España Moderna, con acusada preferencia la pública y barroca, tía venido siendo, desde 1980 fundamentalmente, un campo histohográfico bien frecuentado por los investigadores. Enmarcado en él, el presente trabajo se centra en cómo fue percibida por un conjunto de extranjeros que recorrieron la España del siglo XVIII. Sus percepciones, que hemos llamado mirada ajena, nos son conocidas a través de la denominada literatura de viajes y hablan de la fiesta pública y privada, profana y religiosa, civil y política. Dicha literatura, que no había sido utilizada con carácter sistemático en monografías sobre la fiesta, hemos considerado que podía iluminar tanto aspectos de ésta como de la mentalidad de quienes la recrearon en sus diarios y cartas: cuáles llamaron su atención; qué juicios les merecieron; en qué medida algunos de éstos sirvieron para construir, perpetuar o atemperar estereotipos; qué cambios pudieron producirse en los rituales festivos y de qué cambios en la realidad social podían dar cuenta; en qué se desviaba, o no, la percepción de los viajeros de la de españoles de la época o de la imagen recuperada por la investigación histórica contemporánea.Since about 1980 festivities in Spain of the Ancien Régime, with a marked preference for public and baroque festivities, have been a historiographic field frequently studied by researchers. Set in the frame of reference of this field, this work centers on how festivities were perceived by a group of foreigners who traveled around Spain in the eighteenth century. Their perceptions, which we call the foreign perspective, are known to us through what is called travel literature, and speak about various kinds of festivities: public and prívate, secular and religious, civilian and political. We believed that this literature, which had not been used systematically in studies of festivities, could shed light not only on facets of the festivities themselves but also on aspects of the mentality of those that described them in their diaries and letters: which festivities captured their attention; what judgments they made about them; to what extent these judgments served to construct, perpetúate or modérate stereotypes; what changos might have taken place in the festivo rituals and what changos in the social reality they could reveal; in what respects the perception of the travelers differed from that of Spaniards of the time or from the image recovered by contemporary historie research.

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