Competing, cooperating, deciding: towards a model of deliberative debate

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The World ◽  
Initial Idea ◽  
Training Activities

Will there be any ‘happy dispute’ again? A debate among people holding different opinions that does not end with a repetition of the initial idea, but rather with an improvement of one’s own beliefs and those of others? In order to achieve this, we need to rely on education which, through deliberative debate training activities, can foster the development of rhetorical and dialectical skills (the ability to persuade and compete) as well as critical thinking and open-mindedness (living together and cooperating). A number of scholars from around the world reflect on the topic both from a theoretical point of view – the significance of debate in a hyperconnected society – and from a practical point of view, the application of educational models and tools to measure their effectiveness.

scholarly journals The female characters in Branislav Nušić's and Stefan Kostov's selected comedies

Bastina ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Đurđina Isić
Keyword(s):  
Small Town ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bereaved Family

The paper presents the results of research that included comparative study of the place and role of female characters in selected and representative comedies by Serbian comedigrapher Branislav Nušić (eng. MP, Suspicious person, Mrs Minister, Bereaved family, Dr, Deceased; srb. Narodni poslanik, Sumnjivo lice, Ožalošćena porodica, Dr, Pokojnik, Vlast) and Bulgarian comedigrapher Stefan Kostov (eng. Gold mine, Golemanov, Grasshoppers, Nameless comedy; blg. Zlamnama mina, Golemanov, Skakalci, Komediâ bez ime) in order to find similarities and differences in the process of comedigraphic shaping of female characters in the work of these two authors. The subject of the research was viewed primarily from a literary-theoretical point of view, and the dominant methods of study were comparative and analytical-synthetic. During the research, there was a differentiation of female characters in accordance with their motivational structures, psychological assemblies and the nature of the place and the role they play in the social environment in which they are located. Therefore, we can distinguish female characters who live in the province and who are fully representative of the small-town spirit, female characters who live in the capital and are a symbol of the modern age and female characters who dwell in the capital, but in fact, deeply down still carry a small-town view of the world. The structure of this paper is in line with this distinction. Conclusions made at the end of the study show that the representation of female characters in analyzed comedies of both comedigaphers is highly similar in its nature.

scholarly journals Reading for the dignity of all: Overcoming the troubling legacy of the Old Testament

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Juliana Claassens
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Martha Nussbaum ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
The World ◽  
Politics Of Fear ◽  
Equal Respect

In light of the numerous instances in the Hebrew Bible in which the dignity of its characters are threatened, violated or potentially violated, this article seeks to identify a number of strategies that may be used to read the Bible for the dignity of all so overcoming the Old Testament’s troubling legacy. These strategies have been inspired by the work of Martha Nussbaum who, in one of her recent books, The New Religious Intolerance: Overcoming the Politics of Fear in an Anxious Age, names three principles that may help a society to become more compassionate in nature and to transcend, what she calls, a narcissistic notion of fear: (1) Political (and I would add religious) principles that express equal respect and dignity for all people (2) Rigorous critical thinking that criticizes inconsistencies that may lead to human rights violations (3) Developing an empathetic or participatory imagination, in which one is able to consider how the world looks from the point of view of a person of a different cultural or religious point of view.

Firm-Provided Training During the Great Recession

2014 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Bellmann ◽  
Hans-Dieter Gerner ◽  
Ute Leber
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Apprenticeship Training ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
The Impact

SummaryEven though the 2008/09 economic crisis had only minor employment effects on the German labor market, it might have affected firms’ further training and apprenticeship training behavior. From a theoretical point of view, the impact of the business cycle on firms’ training behaviour is ambiguous. There are reasons for an increase of training during a downturn (e.g., declining opportunity costs of training, fewer exit options for trained workers) as well as arguments for a decrease of training (e.g., uncertain future benefits of training). The existing empirical evidence on the relationship between training and economic downturns is relatively scarce. In particular, we are not aware of any empirical study investigating the effects of the most recent crisis on firms’ training activities in Germany. Our paper aims to fill this gap by using data from the IAB Establishment Panel, a representative German panel data set with annual information about almost 16,000 establishments. In particular, we analyzed the provision and the intensity of further training and apprenticeship training in firms which were affected by the crisis and in those which were not. Our empirical investigation revealed that the establishments, irrespective of whether or not they were hit by the economic crisis, decreased their further training and apprenticeship training efforts in 2009 compared to 2008. However, establishments directly affected by the great recession tended to reduce their training activities more often than those which were not affected. Furthermore, we found much stronger variations in the development of firms’ further training activities than in the development of their apprenticeship training.

Sailing Problems Within and Near Traffic Separation Schemes

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Kwik
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Elimination

Traffic separation schemes have been established all over the world with the aim of reducing the danger of collision. Field observations have shown that despite the adoption by IMO and the laying down of the schemes on nautical charts a good many vessels do not comply with the steering and sailing rules applicable at traffic separation schemes. This paper attempts to review the apparent difficulties met. Some suggestions for improving of the situation are made.The separation of traffic into two streams moving in opposite directions has been introduced with the aim of reducing the incidence of collisions. Such a measure results in a decrease of the rate of encounters and an almost total elimination of head-on or fine crossing meetings which are considered dangerous especially in restricted visibility. Investigations have confirmed the effectiveness of the measure in achieving the purpose provided that the steps taken are reasonable from a practical point of view.

BOUNDING THE NUMBER OF REDUCED TREES, COGRAPHS, AND SERIES-PARALLEL GRAPHS BY COMPRESSION

2013 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 1360001
Author(s):  
TAKEAKI UNO ◽  
RYUHEI UEHARA ◽  
SHIN-ICHI NAKANO
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rooted Trees ◽  
Compact Representation ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Bounded Treewidth ◽  
Ordered Tree ◽  
Parallel Graph

We give an efficient encoding and decoding scheme for computing a compact representation of a graph in one of unordered reduced trees, cographs and series-parallel graphs. The unordered reduced trees are rooted trees in which (i) the ordering of children of each vertex does not matter, and (ii) no vertex has exactly one child. This is one of basic models frequently used in many areas. Our algorithm computes a bit string of length 2ℓ – 1 for a given unordered reduced tree with ℓ ≥ 1 leaves in O(ℓ) time, whereas a known folklore algorithm computes a bit string of length 2n – 2 for an ordered tree with n vertices. Note that in an unordered reduced tree, ℓ ≤ n < 2ℓ holds. To the best of our knowledge this is the first of such a compact representation for unordered reduced trees. From the theoretical point of view, the length of the representation gives us an upper bound of the number of unordered reduced trees with ℓ leaves. Precisely, the number of unordered reduced trees with ℓ leaves is at most 22ℓ–2 for ℓ ≥ 1. Moreover, the encoding and decoding can be done in linear time. Therefore, from the practical point of view, our representation is also useful to store a lot of unordered reduced trees efficiently. We also apply the scheme for computing a compact representation to cographs and series-parallel graphs. We show that each of cographs with n vertices has a compact representation in 2n – 1 bits, and the number of cographs with n vertices is at most 22n–1. The resulting number is close to the number of cographs with n vertices obtained by the enumeration for small n that approximates Cdn/n3/2, where C = 0.4126⋯ and d = 3.5608⋯. Series-parallel graphs are well-investigated in the context of the graphs of bounded treewidth. We give a method to represent a series-parallel graph with m edges in ⌈2.5285m – 2⌉ bits. Hence the number of series-parallel graphs with m edges is at most 2⌈2.5285m–2⌉. As far as the authors know, this is the first non-trivial result about the number of series-parallel graphs. The encoding and decoding of the cographs and series-parallel graphs also can be done in linear time.

scholarly journals Learning by doing: the failure of the 1697 Malt Lottery Loan

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Gallais-Hamonno ◽  
Christian Rietsch
Keyword(s):  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Expected Return ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
State Lottery ◽  
Financial Issue ◽  
Technical Features

The failure in 1697 of the ‘Malt Lottery’, the second lottery loan, presents a fruitful case study. From a practical point of view, it tells us three things. First, the technical features of the English state lottery loans were established for more than a century after only three experiments. Second, its two components (‘lottery’ and ‘loan’) led to an abnormally poor return for investors since its expected return was 3.91 per cent whereas its effective return was 5.84 per cent – two figures in contradiction with the 6.3 per cent advanced by Dickson (1967). Third, a most strange solution was devised to counteract the failure: delivering the unsold tickets to the Exchequer to be used as cash. From a more theoretical point of view, the condition North and Weingast (1989) advanced for a successful financial issue proves necessary but not sufficient. The Malt Lottery failed (1,763 tickets sold out of 140,000) because it did not meet the three requirements for success: its return was too low and was lower than the return on competitive assets; its reimbursement dates were uncertain; and the economic and political environment was gloomy.

scholarly journals What is the television that we have like?

Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Valentí Gómez-Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
The People ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

Nowadays national and international reflection on television and mass media in general is based on the activities that the European Observatory for Children´s Television has been carrying out for nine years. This paper proposes to integrate all screens into one ideal screen and to define a series of categories which show how to work whith quality contents, especially for children and youngsters, the most vulnerable audience, who spend more time in front of screens than at school or socializing with their friends, and sometimes even with their own families. The paper ends with comments on a series of proposals and international initiatives about quality television, not only from the theoretical point of view, but from the practical point of view, which allow us to hope that the people who works on media would understand the importance of their educational wolves in order to achieve a total and satisfactory integrations of future citizens into the society of information. La presente reflexión sobre la televisión existente en la actualidad, a nivel nacional e internacional, y más en general sobre los medios de comunicación, se basa en las actividades que desde hace nueve años realiza en Barcelona el Observatorio Europeo de la Televisión Infantil (OETI). El trabajo se plantea en cinco capítulos, centrándose en la necesidad de integrar, teóricamente, todas las pantallas en una sola pantalla ideal y definir una serie de categorías conceptuales que definan cómo han de trabajar los medios de comunicación con unos contenidos inexorablemente de calidad, especialmente para los más desprotegidos y vulnerables, es decir los niños y niñas y los jóvenes que son quienes pasan más horas ante las pantallas que en la escuela, o socializando con sus compañeros y a veces sus propios familiares. Finalmente se comenta una serie de planteamientos e iniciativas internacionales sobre la televisión de calidad, tanto desde el punto de vista teórico como práctico, lo que hace prever que, si bien con graduaciones distintas, los responsables de los medios de comunicación irán comprobando, con matices, la importancia del valor educativo de los medios para lograr la plena y satisfactoria integración en la sociedad de la información de los futuros ciudadanos.

The Epistemic Role of Consciousness from a Practical Point of View

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-262
Author(s):  
Sean M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Phenomenal Consciousness ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Propositional Knowledge ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Plausible Account ◽  
The World ◽  
Epistemic Role ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper concerns the way that phenomenal consciousness helps us to know things about the world. Most discussions of how consciousness contributes to our store of knowledge focus on propositional knowledge. In this paper, I recast the problem in terms of practical knowledge by reconstructing some neglected strands of argument in William James’s analyses of bodily affect and habitual action in The Principles of Psychology (1890/1950). I will argue that my reading of James’s view provides a plausible account of how phenomenally conscious states feed practical knowledge. I will also show that my reconstruction of James view harmonizes well with recent empirical findings.

scholarly journals "La Fortuna, por siempre y para siempre”, a cross-generational and participatory documentary

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Mampaso
Keyword(s):  
Group Development ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
City Council ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Participatory Video ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The World ◽  
Very High

In this paper we reflect about the participatory video methodology, use video creatively in group development work, through the creation process of “La Fortuna por siempre y para siempre”documentary; a personal point of view from twenty eight children, six youngsters and nine adults about life and living together in the neighborhood “La Fortuna”. Photo camaras, vídeo camaras, words, feellings and creativity are the tolls they used. The documentary is part of a communication and educational project that invites the participants to use video and photographic language to reflect on their identity and the world where they live. Most local people live in difficult situation and the neighborhood have a very high ratio of inmigrants. The documentary project promotes the active participation and the social integration of people and collectives from different ages, social conditions, origins and cultures. It was organized by the Intercultural and Emigration Program of La Fortuna Local Government Cabinet depended on Leganés City Council.

scholarly journals Extraction model of low methoxyl pectin from apple pomace effects of acid concentration and time on the process and the product

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloísa Cristina Ramos Fertonani ◽  
Ardalla Scabio ◽  
Eliana Beleski Borba Carneiro ◽  
Maria Helene Canteri Schemim ◽  
Alessandro Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Degree Of Esterification ◽  
Hno3 Concentration ◽  
The World ◽  
Extraction Model ◽  
Time Of Reaction

In Brazil, one of the top apple producing countries in the world, apple processing is an increasing activity, with pomace as the main by-product. To extract pectin from pomace, factors affecting process and product should be studied for optimization. A model to produce LMP directly from dried apple pomace was established observing the effects of HNO3 concentration and the time of reaction at 97ºC, analyzed from a statistical and practical point of view. The model for gravimetric yield (R² =0.9834) predicts the highest value of 20.07 g/100 g (126 mM; 14.07 min) of a pectin with a degree of esterification of 48.49%. The model for degree of esterification of extracted pectin (R²= 0.9797) predicts the lowest value of 43.73% (200 mM; 10.07 min) with a yield of 16.77g/100 g. The results using the central coordinates (100 mM; 10 min) for gravimetric yield were 19.01 g/100 g and for the degree of esterification, 50.79%.

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