Organizing Information Obtained From Literature Reviews – A Framework for Information System Area Researchers

Aim/Purpose: A literature review is often criticized for the absence of coherent construction, synthesis of topics, and well-reasoned analysis. A framework is needed for novice researchers to organize and present information obtained from the literature review. Background: Information and communication technologies advancement have yielded overwhelming information. The massive availability of information poses several challenges, including storage, processing, meaningful organization, and presentation for future consumption. Information System Researchers have developed frameworks, guidelines, and tools for gathering, filtering, processing, storing, and organizing information. Interestingly, information system researchers have vast information that needs meaningful organization and presentation to the research fraternity while conducting a literature review on a research topic. Methodology: This paper describes a framework called LACTiC (Location, Author, Continuum, Time, and Category) that we adapted from another framework called LATCH (Location, Alphabetical, Time, Category, and Hierarchy). LATCH was used to organize and present information on e-commerce websites for seamless navigation. We evaluated the LACTiC framework. Contribution: Information System Researchers can use the LACTiC framework to organize information obtained from literature review. Findings: The evaluation reveals that most researchers from information systems organize information obtained from the literature review category-wise, followed by continuum, author, time, and location. Recommendation for Researchers: Overall, the framework works well and can be helpful for researchers for an initial idea for organizing information obtained from the literature review. Future Research: To conceptualize the framework, the study was carried out using Information Systems related literature. To generalize the proposed framework, we may suggest that the study can be extended to other areas of business management, such as marketing, finance, operation, decision sciences, accounting, and economics.

Svět prken, která znamenají svět. O projektu Divadelního oddělení Národního muzea – Dokumentace současných divadelních budov

This paper presents an extensive research project carried out by the Theatre Department at the National Museum. This document, the Catalogue of Contemporary Theatre Buildings, maps out in detail the sites where theatre is performed in the Czech Republic today. It focuses not only on professional venues, but also registers other, often unconventional, places where theatre thrives, such as churches, public spaces, cultural centres, private apartments, gymnasia, cinemas, shopping centres, etc. In the first section, the outline of the project is presented, starting from the initial idea through to the people involved and technical support for its implementation, to a description of how the obtained material was processed into a comprehensive and clear archival collection. In the second part, the study focuses on some valuable findings on contemporary theatre in the Czech Republic, obtained by the author during the cataloguing process. Using photographs, textual materials, video footage and interviews with employees of the documented institutions, the project aims to find answers to general questions of a social nature: How does neatness or untidiness indicate a citizen‘s relationship to the place in which they live? How do people understand the terms ‘community centre’ and ‘public service’?

Ontological Motives of Home-Antihome in the Novel Demons by F.M. Dostoevsky

Dostoevsky realizes the motive of home in an inseparable antinomical connection with the motive of homelessness, which is opposite to it, artistically embodied in the idea of familylessness, wandering, Chaos, and Entropy. The relevance of the study of the motives of home and homelessness lies in the gradual reconstruction of the author's concept of the saving future. In this article, the motives of home and homelessness are considered in several aspects, including toponymic, functional, archetypal and ontological. We tried to demonstrate the implementation of the stated motives at the level of such categories as faith-unbelief, Heaven and Hell, brotherhood and isolation. In the novel Demons , the idea of national soil and separation from it, the possible salvation of a person and the consequences that await society in the event of the dominance of demons and the loss of the primordial brotherhood - the intimate connection between people, is consistently developed. From this point of view, the motives of home and homelessness become significant for the novel space. The archetype of home contains the idea of a saving own circle, which is opposed to the outside world with its hostility, spontaneity, and disaster. Everything that is located outside this circle are elements belonging to the anti-world, and therefore their effect on the microcosm of home is destructive. Analysis of the text confirms that the archetype of Dostoevsky's home is destabilized. Its tightness is broken; the boundaries protecting the interior are permeable. The motive of the home is typically supplanted by the motive of homelessness, and therefore it is natural to consider this motive couple in its antinomical continuity. In the above study, the motives of home and homelessness are considered as ontological: they are associated with the existential level of the work, due to which it is possible to establish the ontological status of the actants and determine the relationship with the so-called initial idea.

Scalar-tensor theories within Asymptotic Safety

Asymptotic Safety provides an elegant mechanism for obtaining a consistent high-energy completion of gravity and gravity-matter systems. Following the initial idea by Steven Weinberg, the construction builds on an interacting fixed point of the theories renormalization group (RG) flow. In this work we use the Wetterich equation for the effective average action to investigate the RG flow of gravity supplemented by a real scalar field. We give a non-perturbative proof that the subspace of interactions respecting the global shift-symmetry of the scalar kinetic term is closed under RG transformations. Subsequently, we compute the beta functions in an approximation comprising the Einstein-Hilbert action supplemented by the shift-symmetric quartic scalar self-interaction and the two lowest order shift-symmetric interactions coupling scalar-bilinears to the spacetime curvature. The computation utilizes the background field method with an arbitrary background, demonstrating that the results are manifestly background independent. Our beta functions exhibit an interacting fixed point suitable for Asymptotic Safety, where all matter interactions are non-vanishing. The presence of this fixed point is rooted in the interplay of the matter couplings which our work tracks for the first time. The relation of our findings with previous results in the literature is discussed in detail and we conclude with a brief outlook on potential phenomenological applications.

Influence des perturbations anthropiques sur les communautés de petits mammifères des savanes gabonaises

Les savanes gabonaises connaissent des feux anthropiques récurrents, entraînant des dommages sur cet écosystème. L’influence de ce facteur sur la diversité des micromammifères n’a jamais été étudiée. Une situation préoccupante pour ce taxon qui fait l’objet de très peu de programmes de protection. A travers l’analyse de la distribution spatiale des espèces (Muridés), l’étude vise à mesurer l’empreinte écologique des activités anthropiques dans trois régions du Gabon, présentant des niveaux de perturbations différents. Au total 259 individus appartenant à six espèces de muridés ont été capturés avec un effort de 6220 nuit-pièges. Les rendements de capture varient de 0,5 à 15%. Mus minutoides (62,5%) et Lemniscomys striatus (28.9%) sont les plus abondantes. La richesse spécifique (S) varie de 1 à 4 espèces dans les savanes post -feu, alors qu’elle est de 5 dans les savanes protégées des feux, et de 2 espèces dans les savanes fauchées puis brulées. La diversité la plus élevée a été observée dans les savanes non exposées au feu (H’= 1,10 ; J= 0,68). Ceci atteste que le feu influe sur l’abondance, et lorsqu’il est préalablement associé à la fauche, il agirait à la fois sur la diversité et sur l’abondance d’espèces locales. English title: Influence of human disturbance to the small mammal communities in the Gabonese savannahs In the issue of the use of recurrent fires in Gabon, we carried out an inventory both in the Gabonese savannahs that are regularly burned and in those that are not. The study was carried out in the southern and central savannahs of Gabon during the periods from 2004, 2012 and 2013. A total of 259 individuals representing six species of small savannah rodents were captured over 6,220 trap nights. Trap success was variable (0.5 to 15%). Mus minutoides (62.5%) and Lemniscomys striatus (28.9%) are the most abundant. Small rodent abundance was significantly higher in the savannahs protected from fires. The species richness varies from 1 to 4 species in the post-fire savannahs and up to 5 species in the savannahs protected from fires. The savannahs that were mowing prior to burning have yielded only 2 species. The highest diversity index (H’) is found in savannahs not exposed to fire (H’= 1.10). Bush fires seem to have a direct effect on species abundance. Conversely, when savannahs are mown prior to burning, both the diversity and abundance of local species communities are affected. This study gave an initial idea of the diversity of the rodent population in this the recurrent use to fires.

PENGARUH JARAK, KEMIRINGAN, DAN INTENSITAS CAHAYA PADA ANALISIS UKURAN PORI MASKER KAIN MENGGUNAKAN SMARTPHONE

One of the common strategies used to minimize the spread of Covid-19 is to wear a cloth mask. Cloth masks have a lower effectiveness value compared to other types of masks but have the potential to be used as an alternative, especially during a pandemic. Smartphone can be used as an initial idea for determining the quality of a cloth mask. In taking pore images, there are factors that have the potential to affect the results of pore size, namely distance, angle of inclination, and light intensity. Taking photos of masks with a magnification application is done with three variations, namely distance, angle, and light intensity. The distance for taking pore images is varied to 3, namely 8 cm; 10 cm; and 12 cm. The image capture angle is varied to 0p; 5o; and 10o. measurement using a distance of 10 cm has the closest value from the measurement results by taking images using a microscope, which is 0.232 mm. In the variation of the angle, the angle that is parallel or 0o to the plane of the cloth mask has a value that is close to the microscope measurement, which is 0.232 mm. The light intensity measured using a lux meter which shows the results of 240 has a value that is closest to taking an image using a microscope, which is 0.221 mm.

Recent progress of SPIDER: Aspects of subtractive approaches to existing building’s performance improvement

This contribution reports about methodology, progress and preliminary findings of a recent exploratory Research and Development project, pertaining to the (semi-)automated thermal retrofit of existing building’s envelopes. Thereby, the potential of robots, which autonomously identify areas of facades that can be used for inserting openings into the existing wall material, is examined. The idea is based on the fact that masonry walls of historic masonry walls (especially of Gründerzeit buildings built between 1850 and 1918) often have been structurally over-dimensioned. As such, the spare thickness of the walls could be used for thermal insulation purposes. The initial idea to implement air cavities for insulation purposes is in correspondence with the predominant functional principle of most insulation materials.

Power-to-Gas and Power-to-X—The History and Results of Developing a New Storage Concept

Germany’s energy transition, known as ‘Energiewende’, was always very progressive. However, it came technically to a halt at the question of large-scale, seasonal energy storage for wind and solar, which was not available. At the end of the 2000s, we combined our knowledge of both electrical and process engineering, imitated nature by copying photosynthesis and developed Power-to-Gas by combining water electrolysis with CO2-methanation to convert water and CO2 together with wind and solar power to synthetic natural gas. Storing green energy by coupling the electricity with the gas sector using its vast TWh-scale storage facility was the solution for the biggest energy problem of our time. This was the first concept that created the term ‘sector coupling’ or ‘sectoral integration’. We first implemented demo sites, presented our work in research, industry and ministries, and applied it in many macroeconomic studies. It was an initial idea that inspired others to rethink electricity as well as eFuels as an energy source and energy carrier. We developed the concept further to include Power-to-Liquid, Power-to-Chemicals and other ways to ‘convert’ electricity into molecules and climate-neutral feedstocks, and named it ‘Power-to-X’at the beginning of the 2010s.

STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF NEW DRUG DEVELOPMENT

This review determines the various stages of drug discovery, pre clinical trials and clinical trials. This process involves the identification of chemical compound, synthesis, characterization, validation, optimization, screening and assay for therapeutic efficacy. Once a new drug target or promising molecule has been identified the process of moving from the science laboratory to the pre clinical to clinical trials have been discussed in this article. The main aim of this process is identifying the chemical compound which is therapeutically useful in treating and curing the disease. The most common steps in the development of a new drug are discovery or synthesis of a potential new drug compound or elucidation of a new drug. Once a chemical compound has shown its therapeutic efficacy in these investigations, it will initiate the process of drug development earlier to clinical trials. The drug development from initial idea to the market is a very complex process which can take upto 5 to 10 years and cost of $17 billion. Due to high budget of research & development and clinical trials drug discovery process is the most expensive. The average time taken for the drug discovery is almost 12 -15 years to develop a single new compound and enter into market

Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Driven Occlusive Diseases

The enlightenment of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as a part of the innate immune system shed new insights into the pathologies of various diseases. The initial idea that NETs are a pivotal defense structure was gradually amended due to several deleterious effects in consecutive investigations. NETs formation is now considered a double-edged sword. The harmful effects are not limited to the induction of inflammation by NETs remnants but also include occlusions caused by aggregated NETs (aggNETs). The latter carries the risk of occluding tubular structures like vessels or ducts and appear to be associated with the pathologies of various diseases. In addition to life-threatening vascular clogging, other occlusions include painful stone formation in the biliary system, the kidneys, the prostate, and the appendix. AggNETs are also prone to occlude the ductal system of exocrine glands, as seen in ocular glands, salivary glands, and others. Last, but not least, they also clog the pancreatic ducts in a murine model of neutrophilia. In this regard, elucidating the mechanism of NETs-dependent occlusions is of crucial importance for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to address the putative mechanisms of NETs-associated occlusions in the pathogenesis of disease, as well as prospective treatment modalities.