scholarly journals Effect of Different Mulching Materials on Some Growth Parameters of Maize (Zea maysL) and Soil Physicochemical Properties.

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Chime E.U ◽  
Nweke I.A ◽  
Ibeh C.U
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Elephant Grass

Effects of different mulching materials on some growth parameters of maize and its influence on soil physicochemical properties were studied under Igbariamagro-ecology, during the rainy season of May to August 2019. The four types of mulches were laid out in a randomized complete Block design (RCBD), with four treatments and four replications. The four mulching treatments are Black polythene, while polythene, elephant grass, and no mulch, 5t/ha of cow dung manure was added to 18 experimental plots as Blank treatments. The growth, agronomic parameters, and soil physicochemical properties were monitored. Results indicated that elephant grass mulch significantly (P<0.5) increased the number of leaves, plant height, and stem girth when compared with other treatments. The treatments generally increased total porosity compared with the control. Bulk density and dispersion ratio significantly decreased in all treatments. There was a significant increase in aeration porosity. Field capacity and plant available water were significantly increased (p = 0.05). Buffer capacity, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity were significantly increased with the application of treatments (p = 0.05). Particularly striking was the effect of Elephant grass mulch treatment on soil electrical conductivity which induced a 78.4±4.1 increase compared with the control 22.1±1.0. There was no significant increase in soluble cation. Therefore, elephant grass mulch could be applied alternatively in inorganic mulch and inorganic fertilizer for improved maize production.

scholarly journals Biochar and Other Organic Amendments Improve the Physicochemical Properties of Soil in Highly Degraded Habitat

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Getahun ◽  
Diriba Muleta ◽  
Fassil Assefa ◽  
Solomon Kiros ◽  
Mariangela Hungria
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Randomized Block Design

 Land degradation is an endless challenge in the world. Thus, rehabilitation with organic amendments (OAs) is an urgent priority issue. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of biochar and other OAs application on soil physicochemical properties and growth parameters of cover crops in greenhouse. Biochar, compost and manure were used as OAs. Soil samples were collected from nine random corners of 30 cm depth and composited. In each experiment, five treatments were considered (biochar, compost, manure, mixed and control) at 1:1 ratio of OAs and soil in a pot, with completely randomized design arrangement in triplicate. The field experiment was made on completely randomized block design and each block contained five 41 x 4 m plots assigned at random within the block and separated by 1 m walkways. OAs additions increased soil pH (5.69-8.13), cation exchange capacity (43.78-49.98 cmolc/kg), organic carbon (1.41-2.46%), organic matter (2.43-3.91%), total nitrogen (0.13-0.76%), available P (18.89-28.53 ppm) and (iron, Fe, manganese, Mn, copper, Cu and zinc, Zn) in comparison to non-treated soil. Tripartite treatments had the largest effect on the biomass of cover crops with 3.43 g fivefold of the control (0.7 g) in alfalfa and 4.54 g twofold of the control (2.07 g) in grass pea p ≤ 0.05. Both in field and greenhouse experiments combination of biochar and other OAs showed a better soil fertility increment and plant growth parameters. The study concluded that there is a synergistic effect in OAs on the soil fertility restoration and plant growth performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Low Zeolite Doses on Plants and Soil Physicochemical Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2617
Author(s):  
Alicja Szatanik-Kloc ◽  
Justyna Szerement ◽  
Agnieszka Adamczuk ◽  
Grzegorz Józefaciuk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Holding

Thousands of tons of zeolitic materials are used yearly as soil conditioners and components of slow-release fertilizers. A positive influence of application of zeolites on plant growth has been frequently observed. Because zeolites have extremely large cation exchange capacity, surface area, porosity and water holding capacity, a paradigm has aroused that increasing plant growth is caused by a long-lasting improvement of soil physicochemical properties by zeolites. In the first year of our field experiment performed on a poor soil with zeolite rates from 1 to 8 t/ha and N fertilization, an increase in spring wheat yield was observed. Any effect on soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), surface area (S), pH-dependent surface charge (Qv), mesoporosity, water holding capacity and plant available water (PAW) was noted. This positive effect of zeolite on plants could be due to extra nutrients supplied by the mineral (primarily potassium—1 ton of the studied zeolite contained around 15 kg of exchangeable potassium). In the second year of the experiment (NPK treatment on previously zeolitized soil), the zeolite presence did not impact plant yield. No long-term effect of the zeolite on plants was observed in the third year after soil zeolitization, when, as in the first year, only N fertilization was applied. That there were no significant changes in the above-mentioned physicochemical properties of the field soil after the addition of zeolite was most likely due to high dilution of the mineral in the soil (8 t/ha zeolite is only ~0.35% of the soil mass in the root zone). To determine how much zeolite is needed to improve soil physicochemical properties, much higher zeolite rates than those applied in the field were studied in the laboratory. The latter studies showed that CEC and S increased proportionally to the zeolite percentage in the soil. The Qv of the zeolite was lower than that of the soil, so a decrease in soil variable charge was observed due to zeolite addition. Surprisingly, a slight increase in PAW, even at the largest zeolite dose (from 9.5% for the control soil to 13% for a mixture of 40 g zeolite and 100 g soil), was observed. It resulted from small alterations of the soil macrostructure: although the input of small zeolite pores was seen in pore size distributions, the larger pores responsible for the storage of PAW were almost not affected by the zeolite addition.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Manure Source and Weeding Frequencies on Growth Parameters of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorious)

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
M. M. Olorukooba ◽  
R. Suleiman ◽  
O. Olukotun ◽  
R. Mohammed ◽  
E. Apene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Field trials were carried out during 2018 and during 2019 dry season periods at Federal College of Forestry and Mechanization Afaka Kaduna, located between latitude 10° 35”N and longitude 007° 21”E at altitude 644 m above sea level, to determine the effects of organic manure source and weeding frequencies on growth parameters of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorious). The experimental treatments consists of ten combinations of poultry manure + weed free, cow dung + weed free, goat dropping + weed free, poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 2 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 2 WAT, poultry manure + weeding at 4 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 4 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 4 WAT and  no organic manure application + no weeding which were laid out in a randomize complete block design (RCBD) and replicated 3 times The growth parameters observed  and measured were crop vigour score, plant height, shoot diameter, number of leaves and number of  primary branches. Result of the study showed that at harvest (8 WAT) all the treatments significantly affected the vigour of jute mallow crop and gave comparable score than the least observed with no nutrient + no weeding as control. The result revealed that plant growth at harvest exhibited significantly taller plant with application of poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT. In conclusion the result obtained from the study showed that poultry manure at 4 tons /ha + weeding at 4 WAT resulted in taller plant height, wider shoot diameter, increased number of leaves, number of branches than all other treatment due to lower weed infestation, it is therefore recommended as the best treatment combination to obtained the best growth rate of jute mallow.

scholarly journals Effects of Land Use, Soil Depth and Topography on Soil Physicochemical Properties along the Toposequence at the Wadla Delanta Massif, Northcentral Highlands of Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahusenay Abate ◽  
Kibebew Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Topographic Positions ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of land use, depth and topography on soil physicochemical properties at the Wadla Delanta Massif, northcentral Ethiopia. Four land uses (natural forest, shrub, grazing and cultivated land), three soil depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm) and three topographic positions (upper, middle and lower) in three replications were considered for this study. A total of 108 composite samples were collected for laboratory analysis. The results show that particle size distribution was affected by the main effects of land use and soil depth; bulk and particle densities, total porosity, organic matter and total nitrogen contents, C:N ratio and available phosphorus were significantly affected by the interaction of land use by soil depth only, whereas, soil pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, percent base saturation and extractable micronutrients were affected by the interaction effects of the three factors. Highest clay and bulk density were recorded at the bottom layer of the cultivated land soils, while the utmost porosity, organic matter and nitrogen contents, and available phosphorus were recorded at the surface layers of the natural forest land soils. Highest pH was at the bottom layer of the cultivated land at the three topographic positions. Highest exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity were observed in the bottom layers of soils under the four land use types at the lower topographic position, whilst extractable micronutrients were recorded at the surface layers of the forest land soils at the upper topographic position. In general, most of the measured soil properties were measured better in forest than in other land use soils and the lower topographic positions than the upper and middle ones. Interaction of land use with topography showed negative effects especially on cultivated and grazing land soils in all topographic positions. Therefore, integrated soil fertility management and soil conservation measures are required in all topographic positions to maintain soil physicochemical properties.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Barley-Based Cropping Systems on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Barley Growth under Conventional and Conservation Tillage Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Noman Mehboob ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Shahid Farooq ◽  
Shahid Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index

This two-year study observed the influence of various barley-based cropping systems on soil physicochemical properties, allometric traits and biomass production of barley sown under different tillage systems. Barley was cultivated in different cropping systems (CS), i.e., fallow-barley (fallow-B), maize-barley (maize-B), cotton-barley (cotton-B), mungbean-barley (mungbean-B) and sorghum-barley (sorghum-B) under zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT), strip tillage (ST), conventional tillage (CT) and bed-sowing (BS). Interaction between different CS and tillage systems (TS) positively influenced soil bulk density (BD), total porosity, available phosphorus (P), ammonical and nitrate nitrogen (NH4-N and NO3-N), available potassium (K), allometric traits and biomass production of barley. The highest soil BD along with lower total porosity were noted in ZT leading to lesser leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), specific leaf area (SLA), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of barley. Nonetheless, bed-sown barley produced the highest biomass due to better crop allometry and soil physical conditions. The highest postharvest soil available P, NH4-N, NO3-N, and K were recorded for zero-tilled barley, while BS followed by CT recorded the lowest nutrient contents. Barley in mungbean-B CS with BS produced the highest biomass, while the lowest biomass production was recorded for barely sown in fallow-B cropping system with ZT. In conclusion, barley sown after mungbean (mungbean-B cropping system) with BS seems a pragmatic choice for improving soil fertility and subsequently soil health.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TWO HARROWING SYSTEMS ON DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATTER, SOME SOIL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafawaah & Mageed
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Zea May

A field experiment was conducted at Abu-Ghrib during 2013- 2014 season to study the effect of harrowing systems on the decomposition and fermentation on organic matter(OM) when added and mixed with the soil under special technology, as well as its effect on the growth parameters and productivity of (Zea mays L. 5018). The experiment was laid out using factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split-split design with three replications in SCL bare soil with a percent of moisture ranged from 16 – 18 %. The main plots were designated to the two systems of harrowing (Rotary Harrowand Disc Harrow ). The sub main plots were specified for two organic matters ( Sheep manure ,cow manure ) . Data were statistically analyzed, and LSD was used to compare means at 0.05 levels. After 90 days, the obtained results indicated that there were significanteffects of harrowing systems on the rate of decomposition of organic matter and their effects on some soil and plant properties. The rotary harrows system showed significant increase in bulk density, and decrease in total porosity, average of mean weight diameter (MWD), total nitrogen, and height of plant. Under constant level of OM cow manure showed superiority on sheep manure and gave a significant increase in added nutrients, rate of decomposition of OM, improving soil properties and in turn on growth and productivity of Zea may L. 5018.

scholarly journals Growth of Acacia mangium at Different Stand Ages and Soil Physicochemical Properties in Sarawak, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afifi Nazeri ◽  
Ismail Jusoh ◽  
Mohd Effendi Wasli
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Soil Variables

The information on soil physicochemical properties is vital for the optimum wood biomass production in forest plantation management. The objective of this study was to determine the topsoil physicochemical properties under different Acacia mangium stand ages and their effect on the growth parameters. Five plots were established randomly within each five different stand ages. In all sample plots, the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the total height of standing trees were measured. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 20 cm at three random points in each plot, then mixed to get a composite before determining physical and chemical properties. DBH mean and the total height of A. mangium increased as stand age increased. The mean annual volume increment maximised at the 8.5 years old stand with 27.9 m3 ha-1 yr-1. Survival rate and stem density decreased as stand age increased. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the most important soil physical properties were soil organic matter, silt and sand contents, bulk density, and moisture content. For soil chemical parameters, exchangeable magnesium (Mg), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio were the influential soil variables. Soil pH, available phosphorus (P), and clay content were negatively correlated with the growth development of A. mangium trees. Observations suggest that multiple soil variables are essential for the success of the A. mangium plantation.

scholarly journals Effects of Tree Forest Plantations on Soil Physicochemical Properties in the Arboretumof Ruhande,Southern Province of Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsengimana Venuste
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties

Different tree speciesare blamed to have negative effects on soil ecosystems by changing soil physicochemical properties, and hence soil quality. However, few researches to verify this statement were done in Rwanda. This study provides prior information on the effects of planted forest tree species on soil physicochemical properties. It was conducted in the Arboretum of Ruhande, in southern Rwanda. Soil cores were collected in plots of exotic, native and agroforestry tree species. Collected soils were analysed for soil pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus,  aggregate stability, bulk density, soil humidity, cation exchange capacity, and soil texture. Soils sampled under exotic tree species were acidic, richin soil organic carbon, and in soil available phosphorus. Native and agroforestry tree species offer better conditions in soil pH, soil water content, cation exchange capacity, clay and silt. Less variations in soil total nitrogen and soil bulk density were found in soils sampled under all studied forest types. Research concluded that studiedtree species have different effects on soil physicochemical parameters. It recommended further studies to generalize these findings. Key words: soil, exotic, native, agroforestry, soil properties

The Combined Effects of Salinity and Water Stress on the Growth and Yield Quality of Tomato

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 2265-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Ping Guo ◽  
Murava Raphinos Tackmore ◽  
Kargbo Obai ◽  
Mohamed Khaled Salahou
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Yield Quality

The effects of two soil salinities (1g/kg and 6g/kg) and two water stress levels (60% and 80% of the field capacity) on growth and yield parameters of Meiguo903 tomato were investigated under greenhouse conditions. A randomized complete block design experiment with three treatments and four replications was conducted. The treatments were defined as: CK (no water stress and no salt stress), T1 (no water stress but salt stress) and T2 (water stress and salt stress). The results show that more water was applied in CK than the other treatments, but T2 saved water by about 10%. Measured growth parameters showed that water stress and salinity affected the height and stem diameter of the plants. In general, T2 had short plants with thin stems, T1 had a little taller and thin stems while CK had tall plants with thick stems. It was found that both salinity and water stress has a significant effect on total marketable yield. T1 reduced the yield by 37% while T2 conditions reduced the yield by about 43%. Comparing T1 and T2 which were subjected to the same saline conditions (but different water stress levels), there is a significant difference on the amount of water used, where T1 is the highest, but there is no significant difference on their yield. These results give the conclusion that, in a saline environment, water stress can save water and produce a yield close to that when full irrigation is applied. Nearly optimum yields can be achieved by proper water stress management in such an environment.

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