Climate references of the 2019 seasons in the Southern Сoast of Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-22
Author(s):  
S. P. Korsakova ◽  
P. B. Korsakov
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Hot Weather

An agrometeorological review of the 2019 climate seasons on the Southern coast of Crimea was performed based on observations from the Nikitsky garden agrometeorological station. A distinctive feature of the growing season from previous years was revealed - dry May, very hot droughty with dry wind August, warm, long and extremely dry autumn. At the beginning of the growing season in spring, the development of plants was close to the average long-term. The predominance of hot weather in the summer months accelerated their development and maturation by 15-30 days. Severe and very long air-soil drought depressingly affected the laying and development of generative structures in plants. Unsatisfactory water availability of plants caused their damage and, as a result, premature leaves defoliation. Heat availability in 2019 was significantly higher than the long-term average, but slightly lower than last year.

scholarly journals Characterizing Growing Season Length of Subtropical Coniferous Forests with a Phenological Model

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Yuan Gong ◽  
Christina L. Staudhammer ◽  
Susanne Wiesner ◽  
Gregory Starr ◽  
Yinlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phenological Model

Understanding plant phenological change is of great concern in the context of global climate change. Phenological models can aid in understanding and predicting growing season changes and can be parameterized with gross primary production (GPP) estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. This study used nine years of EC-derived GPP data from three mature subtropical longleaf pine forests in the southeastern United States with differing soil water holding capacity in combination with site-specific micrometeorological data to parameterize a photosynthesis-based phenological model. We evaluated how weather conditions and prescribed fire led to variation in the ecosystem phenological processes. The results suggest that soil water availability had an effect on phenology, and greater soil water availability was associated with a longer growing season (LOS). We also observed that prescribed fire, a common forest management activity in the region, had a limited impact on phenological processes. Dormant season fire had no significant effect on phenological processes by site, but we observed differences in the start of the growing season (SOS) between fire and non-fire years. Fire delayed SOS by 10 d ± 5 d (SE), and this effect was greater with higher soil water availability, extending SOS by 18 d on average. Fire was also associated with increased sensitivity of spring phenology to radiation and air temperature. We found that interannual climate change and periodic weather anomalies (flood, short-term drought, and long-term drought), controlled annual ecosystem phenological processes more than prescribed fire. When water availability increased following short-term summer drought, the growing season was extended. With future climate change, subtropical areas of the Southeastern US are expected to experience more frequent short-term droughts, which could shorten the region’s growing season and lead to a reduction in the longleaf pine ecosystem’s carbon sequestration capacity.

scholarly journals Facilitation Effects of Haloxylon salicornicum Shrubs on Associated Understory Annuals, and a Modified “Stress-Gradient” Hypothesis for Droughty Times

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1726
Author(s):  
Nasr H. Gomaa ◽  
Ahmad K. Hegazy ◽  
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Haloxylon Salicornicum

Perennial shrub-annual plant interactions play key roles in desert regions influencing the structure and dynamics of plant communities there. In the present study, carried out in northwestern Saudi Arabia, we examined the effect of Haloxylon salicornicum shrubs on their associated understory annual species across four consecutive growing seasons, along with a record of the seasonal rainfall patterns. We measured density and species richness of all the annual species in permanent quadrats located beneath individual shrubs, as well as in the spaces between shrubs. During wet growing season H. salicornicum shrubs significantly enhanced the density and species richness of sub-canopy species, whereas in the relatively dry seasons they exerted negative effects on the associated species. In all growing seasons, the presence of shrubs was associated with enhanced soil properties, including increased organic carbon content, silt + clay, and levels of nutrients (N, P and K). Shrubs improved soil moisture content beneath their canopies in the wet growing season, while in the dry seasons they had negative effects on water availability. Differences in effects of H. salicornicum on understory plants between growing seasons seem due to the temporal changes in the impact of shrubs on water availability. Our results suggest the facilitative effects of shrubs on sub-canopy annuals in arid ecosystems may switch to negative effects with increasing drought stress. We discuss the study in light of recent refinements of the well-known “stress-gradient hypothesis”.

Long-term experimentally deepened snow decreases growing-season respiration in a low- and high-arctic tundra ecosystem

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1236-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp R. Semenchuk ◽  
Casper T. Christiansen ◽  
Paul Grogan ◽  
Bo Elberling ◽  
Elisabeth J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Tundra Ecosystem

Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Populations and Fisheries of the Red Lakes, Minnesota, 1930–75

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1774-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd L. Smith Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Catch Statistics

In an investigation of the commercial fishery of Red Lakes, Minnesota, for the 46-yr period 1930–75, catch statistics were analyzed, and the dynamics of the perch and walleye populations were examined. Mean annual yields of walleye for two statistical periods, 1930–53 and 1954–75, were 309,900 and 245,100 kg, respectively for walleyes, and 96,400 and 109,500 kg for perch. Annual abundance (CPE based on average catches per day per 5-net units of gill nets) varied from 3.8 to 64.6 kg for walleye, and from 2.5 to 34.4 kg for perch. Causes of fluctuations in harvestable stock were directly related to strength of year-classes and to growth rate during the season of capture. Year-class strength was not related to the abundance of parent stock or of potential predators. The respective strengths of year-classes of perch and walleye in the same year were positively correlated (r = 0.859, P < 0.01), and are directly related to climatic factors. Growth rate of walleye in different calendar years varied from +30.7 to −42.2% of mean growth, and that of perch from +13.4 to −8.6% (1941–56). Growing season began in mid-June and was almost over by September 1. Walleye yield could be enhanced by starting harvest July 1 instead of early June. Perch yield could be improved by harvesting small perch. Key words: Percidae, Perca, population dynamics, Stizostedion, long-term yield

scholarly journals Modelling tropical forest responses to drought and El Niño with a stomatal optimization model based on xylem hydraulics

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1760) ◽  
pp. 20170315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleiton B. Eller ◽  
Lucy Rowland ◽  
Rafael S. Oliveira ◽  
Paulo R. L. Bittencourt ◽  
Fernanda V. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Global Vegetation

The current generation of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) lacks a mechanistic representation of vegetation responses to soil drought, impairing their ability to accurately predict Earth system responses to future climate scenarios and climatic anomalies, such as El Niño events. We propose a simple numerical approach to model plant responses to drought coupling stomatal optimality theory and plant hydraulics that can be used in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). The model is validated against stand-scale forest transpiration ( E ) observations from a long-term soil drought experiment and used to predict the response of three Amazonian forest sites to climatic anomalies during the twentieth century. We show that our stomatal optimization model produces realistic stomatal responses to environmental conditions and can accurately simulate how tropical forest E responds to seasonal, and even long-term soil drought. Our model predicts a stronger cumulative effect of climatic anomalies in Amazon forest sites exposed to soil drought during El Niño years than can be captured by alternative empirical drought representation schemes. The contrasting responses between our model and empirical drought factors highlight the utility of hydraulically-based stomatal optimization models to represent vegetation responses to drought and climatic anomalies in DGVMs. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications’.

scholarly journals Heat stroke during long-term clozapine treatment: should we be concerned about hot weather?

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Scopel Hoffmann ◽  
Lucas Mendes Oliveira ◽  
Maria Inês Rodrigues Lobato ◽  
Paulo Belmonte-de-Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Hot Weather

Objective To describe the case of a patient with schizophrenia on clozapine treatment who had an episode of heat stroke. Case description During a heat wave in January and February 2014, a patient with schizophrenia who was on treatment with clozapine was initially referred for differential diagnose between systemic infection and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, but was finally diagnosed with heat stroke and treated with control of body temperature and hydration. Comments This report aims to alert clinicians take this condition into consideration among other differential diagnoses, especially nowadays with the rise in global temperatures, and to highlight the need for accurate diagnosis of clinical events during pharmacological intervention, in order to improve treatment decisions and outcomes.

scholarly journals Методы оценки продуктивности представителей рода эхинацея (Echinacea Moench) прегенеративного периода онтогенеза

2013 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
С. В. Поспелов
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Echinacea Pallida ◽  
First Time

За багаторічними дослідженнями ехінацеї пурпурової (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench,) сорту Зірка Миколи Вавилова та ехінацеї блідої (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.) сорту Красуня Прерій вперше розроблені й запатентовані методи визначення продуктивності рослин прегенеративного періоду онтогенезу. Методики засновані на регресійних моделях із високими коефіцієнтами детермінації, на підставі яких можна без пошкодження рослин провести оцінку продуктивності надземної частини та кореневої системи протягом веґетаційного періоду. Вихідними даними для розрахунків слугують показники довжини і ширини листковоїпластинки, їх кількість, а також сума температур вище 5 0С і кількість діб від сівби. On the basis of long-term researches of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) variety «Zirka Mykoly Vavylova» and Pale Coneflower (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) variety «Krasunja Preriy» for the first time ever there were developed and patented the methods for determining the efficiency of plants in pregenesic period of ontogeny. The foundation of methodology was made on the studies of regression models with high coefficients of determination which allow to make the estimation of aerial parts and root system productivity for the whole growing season without damaging the plants. The input data for the calculation are the indicators of the length and width of the leaf blade, the amount and the sum of temperatures above + 5 ºC and the number of days from sowing.

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