scholarly journals Association of TNFRII polymorphisms and IL-37 in rheumatoid arthritis Iraqi patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Wasnaa J. Mohammad ◽  
Noor Alhuda Kh. Ibrahim ◽  
Shahad F . Obed ◽  
Shahad F . Obed ◽  
Mohammed Sh. Jebur
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Elisa Technique

Fifty RA patients and 50 healthy individuals have been participated in this study. 196 M/R polymorphism of TNFRII gene determined by PCR-RFLP, IL-37 level was measured by ELISA technique, also RF, ACCP, CRP measured by ELISA technique. Our study shows an increase in IL-37 levels in patients was suffered from rheumatoid arthritis relative to control group. (M=101.31+10.41) That shows major differences between patients and controls (p<0.01) and increasing level of IL-37 correlate significantly with increasing level of CRP (p<0.05). The frequencies of TNFRII gene polymorphism were significantly correlate with the IL-37 level (p<0.01) in RA patients compared with control group. In conclusion, IL-37 increased in RA patients associated with disease development, also significantly associated with TNFRII polymorphism.

scholarly journals Association of VEGF +405 C > G (rs2010963) polymorphism with susceptibility of metabolic syndrome: Cardio-metabolic risk factors and serum Matrix Metaloproteinase-3 concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
Leila Nikniaz ◽  
Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vegf Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Vegf Gene Polymorphism

BACKGROUND: In the present study we investigated the role of +405 VEGF gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and to explore its association with several biochemical risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VEGF +405 single nucleotide polymorphism were genotyped in 150 patients with metabolic syndrome and 50 healthy individuals using the PCR-RFLP method. Serum levels of biochemical variables were assessed by commercial ELISA technique. RESULTS: GC genotype was more prevalent among patients with metabolic syndrome. In GC genotype, patients with metabolic syndrome had higher waist to hip ratio, WHR, triglyceride, and lower high density lipoprotein and alanine aminotransferase concentrations compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated that +405 VEGF gene polymorphism was a potent predictor of metabolic abnormalities in patients with metabolic syndrome. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to clarify these associations properly.

scholarly journals The efficacy of diuretics in complex treatment of patients with hypertension according to the Gly460Trp polymorphism of the α-adducin gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
S. A. Yermolenko ◽  
V. F. Orlovskyi ◽  
O. V. Orlovskyi ◽  
A. V. Zharkova ◽  
I. O. Moiseienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Polymorphic Marker ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Allelic Distribution ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of thiazide diuretics on blood pressure (BP) depending on Gly460Trp ADD1 gene polymorphism in arterial hypertension (AH) patients of the Ukrainian population in order to predict their individual treatment efficacy. Material and methods. The study included 232 persons: 120 patients with verified stage II AH and 112 healthy individuals. Restriction fragment length polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect genotype (the Gly460Trp-polymorphic locus of the ADD1 gene). The patients received standard therapy, which included ACE inhibitor – ramipril 5 mg, calcium channel antagonist – amlodipine 5 mg, statin – atorvastatin 20 mg, acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg. The patients were randomized into two groups: group I (60 persons) additionally taking treatment with 1.5 mg of indapamide retard and group II (60 persons) – with 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide. The dynamic reduction of blood pressure has been assessed every 4 weeks for 2 months. Results. Among 120 patients with AH, 91 persons (75.8 %) were homozygous for the G allele (GG), 26 persons (21.7 %) – heterozygous (GT) and 3 persons (2.5 %) – homozygous for the T allele (TT), while the G allele frequency in patients with hypertension was 0.87, and the T allele – 0.13. 98 healthy individuals (87.5 %) were homozygous for the G allele, 13 individuals (11.6 %) were heterozygous, and 1 person (0.9 %) was homozygous for the T allele. The carrier frequency of the G and T alleles was 0.93 and 0.07, respectively. Allelic distribution indicated the predominance of the G allele carriers by Gly460Trp polymorphism of the ADD1 gene among the Ukrainian population, regardless of whether AH symptoms were present. It is noteworthy that the number of the T allele carriers was 2 times large among symptomatic patients than that among healthy individuals. In patients with the T allele, the hypotensive efficacy of indapamide was almost 3 times higher than that in patients with the G allele. The antihypertensive effect of hydrochlorothiazide in patients with the GT and TT genotypes was 2 times greater than that in the GG genotype carriers depending on the presence of the T allele G460T polymorphism of ADD1 gene in the genotype. Conclusions. Allelic distribution indicates the predominance of the G allele carriers by Gly460Trp ADD1 gene polymorphism among the Ukrainian population, regardless of whether AH symptoms are present. Among patients with AH, the accumulation of the T allele G460T polymorphic marker of the α-adducin gene is 2 times more than that in healthy individuals. Patients carrying the T allele demonstrate 2 times higher hypotensive efficacy of indapamide compared with hydrochlorothiazide.

scholarly journals Expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 Serum Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Activity. Association with Genetic Polymorphisms

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Elena Navarro-Hernández ◽  
Edith Oregon-Romero ◽  
Mónica Vázquez-Del Mercado ◽  
Héctor Rangel-Villalobos ◽  
Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Soluble Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Elisa Technique

To investigate the association of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 with ICAM1 721G>A and VCAM1 1238G>C polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical activity, sixty RA patients and 60 healthy non-related subjects (HS) matched for age and sex were recruited. Soluble adhesion molecules were determined by ELISA technique. Rheumatoid factor (RF), C reactive protein (CRP) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured by routine methods. Disability and clinical activity was measured with Spanish-HAQ-DI and DAS28 scores, respectively. The ICAM1 and VCAM1 polymorphism were identified using the PCR-RFLP procedure. Inter-group comparison showed increased levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in RA patients (284 and 481 ng/mL) versus HS (132 and 280 ng/mL); in the RA group, significant correlations between sVCAM-1 and RF (r= 0.402), ESR (r= 0.426), Spanish-HAQ-DI (r= 0.276), and DAS28 (r= 0.342) were found, whereas sICAM-1 only correlated with RF (r= 0.445). In RA patients, a significant association with the 721A allele of ICAM1 polymorphism (p= 0.04), was found. In addition, the allele impact (G/A+A/A) of this polymorphism was confirmed, (p= 0.038, OR = 2.3, C.I. 1.1–5.0). sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 serum levels reflected the clinical status in RA, independently of the ICAM1 and VCAM1 polymorphism. However, the ICAM1 721A allele could be a genetic marker to RA susceptibility.

Prognostic Significance of IL-17,And IL-13 Along With IL-23R Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Iraqi Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A Altamemi ◽  
Sally Alkhafaji
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Das 28 ◽  
Control Serum

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease with very complex pathogenesis and feature of chronic synovitis. The biological effect of polymorphism on expression and functionality of IL-23R such as SNP can have functional and phenotypic consequences that make Il-23R as a risk factor for RA disease. Moreover recently there is a new trends to find out a new noninvasive prognostic biomarker for RA disease which may help in fallowing up disease. Thus the aim of present work is to find out if there prognostic value for IL-13 and IL-17in Rheumatoid arthritis through linking its expression level with disease activity score (DAS). Also To study if there is a role for IL-23R 11209026 gene polymorphism in disease susceptibility in Iraqi community by using healthy volunteer as a control group. To achieve this goal a Case control study has been conducted on 40 patient and 40 matched apparently health control. serum IL-17 and IL-13 concentration were measure by enzyme Linked immunosorbent assay According to manufactural instruction,measurement of disease activity was determine according to DAS 28 Score.RFLP PCR was used to study SNP of IL-23R gene polymorphism for patient and control group. Data were summarized, presented and analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS version 23). Result of present study found there was significant association between serum IL-17 and IL-13 level and RA disease (P<0, 001; and P<0, 001respectively). Moreover,there is significant positive correlation between expression level of both IL-17 and IL-13 with DAS28 (0.044,and 0.034 respectively). According to Receptor operating Curve both of IL-17 and IL-13 found to have high specificity and sensitivity 100%. Regarding to IL-23 R gene polymorphism,there was no significant correlation between rs11209026 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis patients in Iraqi community. Thus,present study showed that the concentrations of IL-13 and IL-17 significantly correlated with disease severity and DAS 28 which reflect their prognostic value in RA. Moreover,present study demonstrated that there was no significant association between Il-23R gene rs11209026 polymorphism and susceptibility to RA in Iraqi population.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Assessment of Synovial Thickness of Some of the Metacarpophalangeal Joints of Hand in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and the Normal Population

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhudha Hussain Manik ◽  
John George ◽  
Sargunan Sockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joints ◽  
Ulnar Side ◽  
Radial Side

Objective. To compare ultrasound synovial thickness of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPJ) in a group of patients with proven rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a control group of normal individuals.Materials and Methods. This is a cross-sectional study comprising 30 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 30 healthy individuals. Ultrasound scans were performed at the dorsal side of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th MCPJ of both hands in RA patients and the healthy individuals. Synovial thickness was measured according to quantitative method. The synovial thickness of RA patients and healthy individuals was compared and statistical cut-off was identified.Results. Maximum synovial thickness was most often detected at the radial side of the 2nd MCPJ and 3rd MCPJ and ulnar side of the 4th MCPJ of both hands which is significantly higher (p<0.05) in RA patients compared to healthy individuals. With high specificity (96%) and sensitivity (90%) the optimum cut-off value to distinguish RA patients and healthy individuals’ synovial thickness differs for the radial side of the 2nd and 3rd MCPJ and ulnar side of the 4th MCPJ.Conclusion. Patients with early RA appear to exhibit a characteristic pattern of synovitis which shows radial side predominance in the 2nd and 3rd MCPJ and ulnar side in the 4th MCPJ.

CHANGES IN THE PARAMETERS OF THROMBODYNAMICS AND BLOOD CLOT CONTRACTION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-303
Author(s):  
A. D. Peshkova ◽  
T. A. Evdokimova ◽  
T. B. Sibgatullin ◽  
F. I. Ataullakhanov ◽  
R. I. Litvinov
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology ◽  
Clot Contraction ◽  
Hemostatic Disorders

Autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are risk factors for thrombotic events. Understanding the pathogenetic role of hemostatic changes in RA can assist in developing measures for prevention, prognosis, early diagnosis, and treatment of immune thromboses. Objective: to investigate the state of platelet and plasma hemostasis in patients with RA, as compared to other laboratory parameters and clinical manifestations of the disease. Subjects and methods. Hemostasis was investigated using two relatively new laboratory tests: thrombodynamics and kinetics of blood clot contraction (BCC). Examinations were made in 60 patients with RA and in 50 apparently healthy individuals of the control group. Results and discussion. In patients with RA, the parameters of thrombodynamics and BCC were found to be significantly different from the normal values. According to thrombodynamics, there was an increase in plasma clot growth rate, size, and density, which indicates chronic hypercoagulation. The rate and completeness of BCC were substantially reduced due to platelet dysfunction in patients with RA compared to healthy individuals. The changes in the parameters of thrombodynamics and BCC correlated with the laboratory signs of systemic inflammation and depended on the radiographic stage of the disease. Conclusion. The results of this investigation confirm that hemostatic disorders are present in RA and indicate the informative value of thrombodynamics and BCC tests as indicators of a pre-thrombotic state, including autoimmune pathology.

scholarly journals POS0451 SERUM FETUIN-A AND VISFATIN LEVELS IN WOMEN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DEPENDING ON DISEASE ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 455.2-456
Author(s):  
Y. Akhverdyan ◽  
В. Zavodovsky ◽  
E. Papichev ◽  
J. Polyakova ◽  
L. Seewordova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
Grade Ii

Background:In recent years, the systemic effects of a number of cytokines have been actively studied, in particular, fetuin-A is considered a negative protein of the acute phase response, and visfatin, on the contrary, affects the activation of the cytokine cascade and has a pro-inflammatory effect. Taking into account that women suffer from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) more often, we investigated the levels of fetuin-A and visfatin in the blood serum of females in comparison with a group of healthy individuals and depending on the activity of the disease.Objectives:to study the levels of fetuin-A and visfatin in the blood serum of women suffering from RA, depending on the activity of the diseaseMethods:The study included 110 women with RA and 30 apparently healthy individuals. The inclusion criteria were: a diagnosis of RA verified based on the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology/European Anti-Rheumatic League (ACR/EULAR) 2010. The patients’ age ranged from 18 to 90 years. The control group included 30 conventionally healthy individuals. Serum fetuin-A and visfatin levels were determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial kits. RA activity was determined by the DAS28-CRP index. Activity 0-I was in 33 (30%) patients, grade II in 67 (60.9%), grade III in 10 (9.09%) patients.Results:The normal level of fetuin-A was calculated using the formula M±2σ in the group of conventionally healthy individuals and ranged from 653.55 to 972.19 μg/ml. In patients with grade 0-I RA activity according to DAS28, the mean serum fetuin-A level was 843.92±130.73 μg/ml, in patients with grade II activity - 742.37±98.85 μg / ml, with III the degree of activity - 663.9±123.7 μg/ml (p<0.001).The average level of visfatin in the blood serum in healthy individuals was 2.43±0.17 ng/ml. The level of normal values of visfatin in healthy individuals, defined as M±2σ, ranged from 0 to 5.07 ng/ml. The average level of visfatin in patients with RA was 6.27±0.18 ng/ml, which is significantly higher than in healthy individuals (p<0.001).In patients with 0-I degree of RA activity according to DAS28, the average level of visfatin in blood serum was 4.94±0.02 ng/ml, in patients with degree II activity - 5.08±0.02 ng/ml, with III degree of activity - 6.82±0.23 ng/ml (p<0.001).Conclusion:Thus, the level of fetuin-A in the blood serum of patients with RA is significantly lower in the case of a high degree of disease activity. The level of visfatin in the blood serum in women with RA is significantly higher in patients with a higher degree of disease activity. Therefore, the concentration values of fetuin-A and visfatin in the blood serum of patients with RA can be used in an integrated assessment of the prognosis of disease activity.References:[1]Inoue K, Ikeda Y, Yamanaka S, et al. Serum fetuinA levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [abstract]. Atherosclerosis. 2002;9(Suppl 1):233. doi: 10-1016/s1567-5688(08)70930-9[2]Janssens K, ten Dijke P, Janssens S, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 to the bone. Endocrine Reviews. 2005;26(6):743-74. doi:10.1210/er.2004-0001[3]Polyakova J, Korolik O, Papichev E, et al. The role of «new» cytokines in the pathogenesis rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018; 78(2): 1497Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Metabolic aspects of clinical remission prediction from baseline blood gene expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
E. V. Chetina ◽  
N. V. Demidova ◽  
G. A. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Number Of Patients

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by chronic erosive arthritis (synovitis) and systemic inflammation of the viscera. Methotrexate (MTX) is the drug of choice for RA treatment. However, it is currently impossible to predict the efficacy of MTX in a particular patient; the drug fails to produce the desired effect or causes adverse reactions in a considerable number of patients. The identification of patients who are responsive to MTX could significantly improve the results of therapy.Objective: to investigate the specific features of baseline (pretreatment) expression of genes responsible for major metabolic and energy production pathways in RA patients with different disease activity and to identify the genes, the baseline expression of which could serve as a predictor for remission attainment.Patients and methods. Blood from 40 RA patients (mean age 47.5 years; mean disease duration 7.9 weeks) who had not previously received MTX and 26 healthy donors (mean age 45.1 years). All the patients had used MTX (15 mg/week) for 2 years. Clinical response was evaluated by DAS28 and the serum levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor. Remission was diagnosed according to ACR/EULAR and DAS28 (DAS28 <2.6). Joint structural changes were radiographically evaluated. Gene expression was determined in peripheral blood cells by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. A control group consisted of 26 randomly recruited gender- and sex-matched patients without autoimmune diseases and a family history.Results and discussion. MTX treatment significantly decreased disease activity according to DAS28. At the end of the investigation, the majority of patients had moderate disease activity (3.2≤ DAS28 ≤5.1), 4 had high disease activity, while 12 attained remission (DAS28 <2.6). Gene expression analysis showed that RA patients who had achieved clinical remission after MTX therapy displayed higher baseline expression of the genes associated with glycolysis (Glut1, PKM), inflammation (TNF-α), autophagy (ULK1), apoptosis (caspase 3, p21), and hypoxia (HIF1α), compared with patients who had not attained remission and with healthy individuals. In addition, in patients who had achieved remission, the baseline expression of the CD1 gene was significantly higher than in healthy individuals, while in the remaining patients the expression of this gene was significantly lower than in the controls. While the disease activity remained high, the baseline expression of the p21, caspase 3, TGFβ1, and RUNX2 genes was significantly lower than in healthy individuals and other patients with RA.Conclusion. Remission achievement in RA patients who had not previously received MTX was associated with higher baseline (pretreatment) gene expression associated with glycolytic activity, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and hypoxia compared with patients who failed to attain remission. Elevated baseline expression of the CD1 gene compared with that in healthy individuals may serve as a predictor of sensitivity to MT therapy. 

scholarly journals SNP G-1082A IL-10 GENE: ALLELE AND GENOTYPE DISTRIBUTION OF PERIODONTITIS PATIENT IN YOGYAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Rezmelia Sari ◽  
Prayitno Prayitno ◽  
Alya Nur Fadhilah
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cotton Swab ◽  
Periodontitis Patient ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Control Research

Periodontitis is multifactorial inflamation process and related to disproportion of cytokine. IL-10 is a dominant noninflammatory cytokines that related to gene polymorphism. Polymorphism G-1082A IL-10 genes has been reported to increase the risk of periodontitis occurs in Italian populations, apart from different result found in Brazilian. The purpose of this research was to determine the polymorphism G-1082A IL-10 in periodontitis patients in Indonesia, especially among Yogyakarta’s Javanese. This is a case-control research with subjects according to the inclusion criteria. DNA was taken by cotton swab from the epithelial cells of buccal mucosa, and was isolated using a PrestoTM (GeneAid) kit. Genotyping analysis by using the PCR RFLP technique and descriptive results were presented. The result showed that A allele frequency is 100% and no G allele was found. AA genotype in case group has lower frequency than in control group and vice versa. From this research, it was concluded that A allele was dominant in Yogyakarta’s Javanese, and AA genotype frequency is lower in individual with periodontitis.

scholarly journals MDM2 (T309G) Gene Polymorphism Determines the Susceptibility of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Md. Bayejid Hosen ◽  
Narwana Khaleque ◽  
Sajib Chakraborty ◽  
Mamun Al Mahtab ◽  
Yearul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mdm2 Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Bangladeshi Population

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the fatal cancer types worldwide, and a variety of genetic factors are considered to be associated with this incidence. MDM2 gene plays a pivotal role in various pathways, which are essential to combat tumor formation. The study aimed to find out the associations of MDM2 (T309G, rs2279744) gene polymorphism with the development of HCC in the Bangladeshi population. Methods: A case-control study on 100 HCC patients and 110 control subjects was conducted. The genotyping of the MDM2 (T309G) gene was done using PCR-RFLP methods. Results: The percentage of TT and GG genotypes were significantly different (p<0.01) among the study subjects. There were four genotyping groups, while the subjects with TT genotypes were considered the reference group. Patients with GG genotypes were at high risk of developing HCC (OR, 3.6; 95 % CI, 1.64–7.80; p<0.01) compared to the control. On the other hand, the association of TG genotypes with HCC was not statistically significant (OR, 1.8; 95 % CI, 0.91–3.40, p>0.05). In addition, patients having either GG or TG genotypes showed higher risk for HCC compared to control group (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.21–4.14; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggested that the MDM2 gene may have a strong association with the development of HCC, and the GG allele could serve as an essential determinant to identify the higher risk of HCC in the Bangladeshi population.

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