scholarly journals Evaluasi Outcome Klinis Penggunaan Insulin Analog dan Insulin Manusia pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 JKN Rawat Jalan Tahun 2015-2016 Di RSUD Tarakan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Dyah Retnaningrum ◽  
Yusi Anggriani ◽  
Hesty Utami R. Tri Kusumaeni
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Insulin Analog ◽  
P Value

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan profil pengobatan, outcome klinis dan biaya antara insulin analog dengan insulin manusia. Penelitian menggunakan metode longitudinal time series melalui pengumpulan data secara retrospektif menggunakan penelusuran rekam medis dan kuitansi biaya pengobatan. Sampel yang diambil adalah pasien DM tipe 2 JKN rawat jalan dengan terapi insulin periode Januari 2015-Desember 2016 di RSUD Tarakan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 156 orang. Hasil analisis diperoleh penggunaan terbanyak adalah insulin Analog tunggal (98,19%). Proporsi obat non DM (56,15%) dan obat DM (43,85%). Rata-rata outcome klinis GDP (164,74 mg/ dL) dan GDPP (200,48 mg/ dL). Rata-rata outcome klinis HbA1C pengguna insulin analog tunggal (7,82%) lebih baik dibanding pengguna insulin lainnya. Hasil uji Mann Whitney diperoleh outcome klinis GDP, GDPP dan HbA1C insulin analog tunggal dengan insulin manusia tunggal tidak berbeda nyata (p value >0,05). Hasil Outcome klinis GDP dan HbA1C insulin analog tunggal dibanding kombinasi insulin manusia+analog berbeda secara nyata (p value 0,00) , sedangkan GDPP tidak berbeda nyata (p value 0,222). Rata-rata biaya pengobatan 30 hari Insulin analog tunggal dengan insulin manusia tunggal berbeda nyata (p value 0,001). Rata rata biaya pengobatan 30 hari Insulin manusia tunggal dengan kombinasi insulin analog+analog, kombinasi insulin analog+analog+OAD, kombinasi insulin analog+OAD dan kombinasi insulin manusia+analog berbeda nyata (p value 0,00). Kombinasi insulin analog+analog+OAD dengan kombinasi insulin manusia+OAD dan kombinasi insulin analog+OAD berbeda nyata (p value 0,00). Biaya rata-rata kombinasi insulin analog+analog+OAD lebih tinggi dibanding biaya rata-rata kombinasi Insulin analog+OAD dan kombinasi insulin manusia+OAD.

scholarly journals An External Agribusiness Risk Analysis Using KBDI: A Case of Veldfires in the Northern Territory of Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Toyi Maniki Diphagwe ◽  
Bernard Moeketsi Hlalele ◽  
Dibuseng Priscilla Mpakathi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Return Level ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
P Value

The 2019/20 Australian bushfires burned over 46 million acres of land, killed 34 people and left 3500 individuals homeless. Majority of deaths and buildings destroyed were in New South Wales, while the Northern Territory accounted for approximately 1/3 of the burned area. Many of the buildings that were lost were farm buildings, adding to the challenge of agricultural recovery that is already complex because of ash-covered farmland accompanied by historic levels of drought. The current research therefore aimed at characterising veldfire risk in the study area using Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI). A 39-year-long time series data was obtained from an online NASA database. Both homogeneity and stationarity tests were deployed using a non-parametric Pettitt’s and Dicky-Fuller tests respectively for data quality checks. Major results revealed a non-significant two-tailed Mann Kendall trend test with a p-value = 0.789 > 0.05 significance level. A suitable probability distribution was fitted to the annual KBDI time series where both Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Chi-square tests revealed Gamma (1) as a suitably fitted probability distribution. Return level computation from the Gamma (1) distribution using XLSTAT computer software resulted in a cumulative 40-year return period of moderate to high fire risk potential. With this low probability and 40-year-long return level, the study found the area less prone to fire risks detrimental to animal and crop production. More agribusiness investments can safely be executed in the Northern Territory without high risk aversion.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN TERAPI PERMAINAN SOSIALISASI UNTUK MENURUNKAN PERILAKU IMPULSIF PADA ANAK DENGAN ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVE DISORDER (ADHD)

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Deyla Erinta ◽  
Meita Santi Budiani
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Play Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Series Design

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of socialization play therapy to reducing impulsive behavior in children. The research subjects are kinder garten students in SLB N Gedangan Sidoarjo. This study used a quantitative method along with Quasi experiment design with the type of Time Series Design. Purposive sampling techniques was used to collect the research  subjects that has the characteristics of subjects with ADHD. Data collection method used Rating scale of impulsive behavior children with ADHD and using Wilcoxon signed rank test. The result of data  analysis obtained P-value or sig at 0,043 with α = 0,05. It means that H0 is rejected and this the H1 accepted. It can be concluded that the application of socialization play therapy is effective to reduce impulsive behavior in children with ADHD on SLB N Gedangan Sidoarjo.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji seberapa efektif terapi permainan sosialisasi dalam menurunkan perilaku impulsif pada anak ADHD. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa TK di SLB N Gedangan, Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain Quasi Eksperiment dengan jenis Time Series Design. Pengambilan subjek penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yakni subjek yang memiliki karakteristik subjek yang mengalami ADHD. Pengumpulan data menggunakan rating scale perilaku impulsif pada anak ADHD dan menggunakan Wilcoxon sign rank test. Hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai P - value atau sig sebesar 0,043 dengan taraf α = 0,05. Artinya H0 ditolak dan hal ini menunjukkan bahwa H1 diterima. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan terapi permainan sosialisasi efektif untuk menurunkan perilaku impulsif pada anak ADHD di SLB N Gedangan, Sidoarjo.           

Heteroskedasticity between GNSS time-series repeatabilities and noise magnitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Duman ◽  
Doğan Uğur Şanlı
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
P Value ◽  
P Values ◽  
Modeling Errors ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Baseline Component ◽  
Gnss Time Series

<p>In the analysis of GNSS time series, when the sampling frequency and time-series lengths are almost identical, it is possible to highlight a linear relationship between the series repeatabilities (i.e. WRMS) and noise magnitudes. In the literature, linear equations as a function of WRMSs allowed many researchers to estimate the noise magnitudes. However, this was built upon homoskedasticity. We experienced the higher WRMSs, the more erroneous analysis results using the noise magnitudes from the linear equations stated. We hence studied whether or not homoscedasticity clearly describes the modeling errors. To test that, we used the published results of GPS baseline components from the previous work in the literature and realized here that each component forms part of the totality. We introduced all baseline component results as a whole into statistical analysis to check heteroskedasticity. We established null and alternative hypotheses on the residuals which are homoscedastic (H0) or heteroskedastic (HA). We adopted both the Breusch-Pagan test and the Goldfeld-Quandt test to prove heteroskedasticity and obtained p-values for both methods. The p-value, which is the probability measure, equals to almost zero for both test methods, that is, we fail to accept the null hypothesis. Consequently, we can confidently state that the relationship between the WRMSs and the noise magnitudes is heteroskedastic.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Noise magnitudes, repeatabilities, heteroskedasticity, time-series analysis</p>

scholarly journals Seasonality of suicide in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1979-2003

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Hommenig Scrivani ◽  
Pedro Alberto Morettin ◽  
Chei Tung Teng
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
P Value ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The City

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate suicide seasonality in the city of São Paulo within an urban area and tropical zone. METHOD: Suicides were evaluated using the chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) by comparing monthly, quarterly and half-yearly variations, differentiating by gender. Analyses of time series were carried out using the autocorrelation function and periodogram, while the significance level for seasonality was confirmed with the Fisher's test. RESULTS: The suicides of the period between 1979 and 2003 numbered 11,434 cases. Differences were observed in suicides occurring in Spring and Autumn for the total sample (ANOVA: p-value = 0.01), and in the male sample (ANOVA: p-value = 0.02). For the analysis of time series, seasonality was significant only for the period of 7 months in the male sample (p-value = 0.04). DISCUSSION: In this study, no significant seasonal differences were observed in the occurrences of suicides, with the exception of the male sample. The differences observed did not correspond with the pattern described in studies carried out in temperate zones. Some of the climatic particularities of the tropical zone might explain the atypical pattern of seasonality of suicides found in large populations within an urban area and tropical zone.

scholarly journals Spatial Variability and Detection Levels for Chlorophyll-a Estimates in High Latitude Lakes Using Landsat Imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2898
Author(s):  
Filipe Lisboa ◽  
Vanda Brotas ◽  
Filipe Duarte Santos ◽  
Sakari Kuikka ◽  
Laura Kaikkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
P Value ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Long Time

Monitoring lakes in high-latitude areas can provide a better understanding of freshwater systems sensitivity and accrete knowledge on climate change impacts. Phytoplankton are sensitive to various conditions: warmer temperatures, earlier ice-melt and changing nutrient sources. While satellite imagery can monitor phytoplankton biomass using chlorophyll a (Chl) as a proxy over large areas, detection of Chl in small lakes is hindered by the low spatial resolution of conventional ocean color satellites. The short time-series of the newest generation of space-borne sensors (e.g., Sentinel-2) is a bottleneck for assessing long-term trends. Although previous studies have evaluated the use of high-resolution sensors for assessing lakes’ Chl, it is still unclear how the spatial and temporal variability of Chl concentration affect the performance of satellite estimates. We discuss the suitability of Landsat (LT) 30 m resolution imagery to assess lakes’ Chl concentrations under varying trophic conditions, across extensive high-latitude areas in Finland. We use in situ data obtained from field campaigns in 19 lakes and generate remote sensing estimates of Chl, taking advantage of the long-time span of the LT-5 and LT-7 archives, from 1984 to 2017. Our results show that linear models based on LT data can explain approximately 50% of the Chl interannual variability. However, we demonstrate that the accuracy of the estimates is dependent on the lake’s trophic state, with models performing in average twice as better in lakes with higher Chl concentration (>20 µg/L) in comparison with less eutrophic lakes. Finally, we demonstrate that linear models based on LT data can achieve high accuracy (R2 = 0.9; p-value < 0.05) in determining lakes’ mean Chl concentration, allowing the mapping of the trophic state of lakes across large regions. Given the long time-series and high spatial resolution, LT-based estimates of Chl provide a tool for assessing the impacts of environmental change.

scholarly journals Prediksi Harga Beras Sultan dan Membramo di Kota Manado dengan Menggunakan Model ARIMA

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Varra Wuwung ◽  
Nelson Nainggolan ◽  
Marline Paendong
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
P Value ◽  
Arima Models ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Normally Distributed

Pada makalah ini diuraikan model ARIMA dari harga beras di kota Manado yang meliputi beras Sultan dan beras Membramo. Data yang diamati adalah data bulanan dari Januari 2007 sampai dengan Maret 2012. Hasil analisis time series menunjukan bahwa untuk beras Sultan diperoleh model ARIMA(1,1,1) dan beras Membramo diperoleh model ARIMA(1,1,0). Hasil diagnosis menunjukan bahwa galat dari model untuk beras Sultan dan beras Membramo sudah berdistribusi normal dengan p-value lebih dari 0,05 yaitu masing-masing 0,15 dan 0,07. Prediksi harga beras untuk tiga periode kedepan untuk beras Sultan berkisar antara Rp. 8.287 sampai Rp. 8.389, dan beras Membramo berkisar antara Rp. 8.482 sampai Rp. 8.593.This paper described ARIMA models of the rice prince in Manado, that is sultan and membramo rice. The observed data is monthly from January-2007 to March-2012. The result show that the models for sultan is ARIMA(1,1,1) and for membramo is ARIMA(1,1,0). The diagnosis results show that the residuals of the models for sultan and membramo is normally distributed with a p-value more than 0,05, that is 0,15 and 0,07 respectively. The prediction of price for the next three periods for sultan from Rp. 8.287,30 to Rp. 8.389,92 and for membramo from Rp. 8.482 to Rp. 8.593.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Profil Pengobatan dan Outcome Klinis Penggunaan Insulin Analog pada Pasien BPJS DM Tipe 2 Di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Rosdaniati Rosdaniati ◽  
Yusi Anggriani ◽  
Hesty Utami R ◽  
Tri Kusumaeni
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Insulin Analog ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Fast Acting ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Insulin digunakan untuk menurunkan glukosa darah dan kadar HbA1C serta dapat mengurangi komplikasi mikrovaskular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil pengobatan, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam pemilihan terapi insulin dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan outcome klinis pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menggunakan insulin di RSUP Persahabatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif, yang dilakukan secara longitudinal time series. Populasi adalah pasien BPJS DM tipe 2 RSUP Persahabatan periode Januari 2017-Desember 2018 sejumlah 1.100 pasien. Sampel sebanyak 285 diambil dengan rumus Krecjie Morgan. Data berasal dari rekam medis di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit menggunakan formulir isian dan kuesioner dan diolah serta dianalisa dengan SPSS versi 23. Obat DM oral yang banyak diresepkan adalah Sulfonilurea. Obat non DM yang sering diresepkan adalah obat jantung. Insulin yang sering digunakan berdasarkan jenis adalah insulin Humalog, merk adalah Humalog Mix dan berdasarkan kerja adalah Insulin analog intermediate acting. Berdasarkan outcome klinik,  outcome klinik GDP, GDPP dan HbA1C pada pasien usia ≤ 60 tahun atau  > 60 tahun secara umum termasuk tidak terkendali/buruk. Berdasarkan hasil uji Kruskall Walls, pada outcome GDP ada perbedaan yang signifikan diantara golongan insulin (minimal ada satu pasang golongan yang berbeda nyata) terhadap outcome GDP. Pada outcome GDPP dan HbA1C tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan diantara golongan insulin terhadap outcome GDPP dan HbA1C. Berdasarkan hasil uji Mann Whitney, dengan 28 kelompok pasangan insulin, diperoleh hasil nilai outcome klinik GDP berbeda nyata yaitu pada perbandingan terapi antara insulin fast acting dengan insulin analog intermediate acting, begitupun antara insulin fast acting dan kombinasi insulin, baik kombinasi yang menggunakan 2 macam insulin analog, maupun kombinasi antara insulin analog dan ADO. Pada uji nilai outcome klinik GDPP berbeda nyata pada perbandingan terapi antara insulin fast acting maupun insulin long acting dengan kombinasi insulin intermediate acting dan ADO. Pada hasil HbA1c menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan penggunaan terapi berbagai jenis insulin.

scholarly journals A comparative time series analysis of crude mortality rate in the BRICS countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Olawale Awe ◽  
O.C. Ayeni ◽  
G.P. Sanusi ◽  
L.O. Oderinde
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
P Value ◽  
Crude Death Rate ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Brics Countries

Proper research and analysis of mortality dynamics is essential to provide reliable economic information about any country. This paper deals with the historical comparative time series analysis of the mortality rate dynamics in the BRICS countries to determine their economic performances over the years. This article presents stochastic models based on autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA (p, d, q)) models of various orders with a view to identifying the optimal and comparative model for the crude death rate (CDR) in the BRICS countries. The ARIMA (p, d, q) models were formulated for the crude death rates in the BRICS countries and the overall annual crude death rate for the period 1960–2018. The optimal choice of ARIMA models of order p and q was selected for each of the series. The results indicate that the ARIMA (2, 2, 0) model was the optimal model for predicting mortality dynamics in the overall BRICS data. In addition, there was a significant decrease in trends (p-value < 2.22e-16) during the study period from 1960 to 2018. In addition, the crude death rate’s data for the BRICS countries proved to be mostly non-linear, non-seasonal and without structural breaks. Finally, the findings of this study were discussed and recognized as having relevant policy implications for forecasting, insurance planning, as well as for disaster or risk reduction in the context of unprecedented global happenings in the post-pandemic era.

scholarly journals Penurunanan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia Hipertensi dengan Senam Ergonomik

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Sri Muharni ◽  
Utari Christya Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Paired T Test

<div class="Section1"><p><em><em>Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular problem in elderly.  Prolonged high blood pressure canlead to destructionof the blood vessels throughout the body. However it can be controlled with pharmacology and non-pharmacology technique, one of the non-pharmacological therapy is ergonomic exercise. Ergonomic exercise is the gymnastic motion which is combined with breathing techniques. This study aimed was to know about the effect of ergonomic exercise to decreasing blood pressure in elderly with hypertensions in Community Health Center Sei Pancur region. The design was One Group Time Series, intervention given to one group only, without control group. Ergonomic exercise efectivity rated by comparing blood pressure pre and post exercise, during first, second, and third week. Sampling technique was used purposive sampling with 50 respondents. The respondents were given interventions four times. The data analysis used Paired T-Test and Annova Test. The results were shown that the blood pressure significantly decreased during fourth week, with p value: 0.00 for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. As conclusions, ergonomic exercise had effect to decreasing blood pressure in elderly with hypertensions</em></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Hipertensi adalah salah satu masalah kardiovaskular yang sering terjadi pada lansia. Tekanan darah yang tinggi akan mengakibatkan kerusakan pembuluh darah di seluruh tubuh, kerusakan  tersebut dapat kita  kendalikan dengan terapi farmakologi maupun non farmakologi, salah satunya adalah senam ergonomik. Senam ergonomik adalah  suatu gerakan senam yang dikombinasikan dengan teknik pernapasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam ergonomik terhadap penurunan tekanan darah  pada lansia  hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskemas Sei Pancur. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah One Group Time Series Design dengan mengintervensi satu kelompok saja tanpa kelompok pembanding. Efektifitas perlakukan senam ergonomik dinilai dengan cara membandingkan tekanan darah sebelum diberikan senam ergonomik dengan hasil tekanan darah setelah senam ergonomik minggu pertama,kedua dan ketiga. Dimana Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Purposive Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 50 responden. Pemberian sebanyak 4  kali intervensi. Analisa data menggunakan uji Paired T-Test dan Annova Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tekanan darah mulai turun signifikan pada minggu ke-4, dengan nilai p = 0,00 untuk tekanan darah sistole dan 0,00 untuk tekanan darah diastol. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah senam ergonomik berpengaruh terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada lansia dengan hipertensi</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variations of HNO<sub>3</sub> total column from 9 years of IASI measurements – A driver study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaétane Ronsmans ◽  
Catherine Wespes ◽  
Daniel Hurtmans ◽  
Cathy Clerbaux ◽  
Pierre-François Coheur
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
P Value ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Multivariate Enso Index ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

Abstract. This study aims at understanding the spatial and temporal variability of HNO3 total columns in terms of explanatory variables. To achieve this, multiple linear regressions are used to fit satellite-derived time series of HNO3 daily averaged total columns. First, an analysis of the IASI 9-year time series (2008–2016) is conducted based on various equivalent latitude bands. The strong and systematic denitrification of the southern polar stratosphere is observed very clearly. It is also possible to distinguish, within the polar vortex, three regions wich are differently affected by the denitrification. Three exceptional denitrification episodes in 2011, 2014 and 2016 are also observed in the northern hemisphere, due to unusually low arctic temperatures. The time series are then fitted by multivariate regressions to identify what variables are responsible for HNO3 variability in global distributions and time series, and to quantify their respective influence. Out of an ensemble of proxies (annual cycle, solar flux, quasi-biennial oscillation, multivariate ENSO index, Arctic and Antarctic oscillations and volume of polar stratospheric clouds), only the ones defined as significant (p-value 

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