scholarly journals Effectiveness of chemical protection of chickpea crops depending on the effect of different herbicides and seed rates

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Y. Makuch ◽  
S. Moshkivska ◽  
V. Smih
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Goal. Search and evaluate the effectiveness of herbicides and their compositions in chickpea crops. On the basis of research to prepare a comprehensive system of protection of chickpea crops from the presence of weeds, which ensures high yields and is economically and environmentally feasible in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The experiments were based on the following scheme: Factor A (weed protection): 1. Net control; 2. Harsh control; 3. Fabian, D.Sc. 0.1 kg/ha; 4. Bazagran, bp — 2.5 l/ha; 5. Reiser, k.e. 2.0 l/ha. Factor B (seeding rate): Seeding rate, thousand pieces / ha —500; 600; 700. Results. One way to increase the competition of chickpea plants with weeds can be to increase the stocking density of cultivated plants. It is also known that the combination of several methods of crop care contributes to the overall increase of their effect. By identifying a critical period of competitive interaction between chickpeas and weeds, it is possible to take action on the latter before they cause significant damage to the crop. Competitive reciprocity and harmfulness of weeds in chickpea crops is observed throughout the entire period of crop development. A significant decrease in productivity is observed in the presence of 10 weed plants per square meter. Increased weed density of up to 25 pc/m2 showed a 23.7% decrease in crop yield. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted researches it is possible to make a generalization that in the conditions of humus soils of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, when applying herbicides on chickpea crops, the best results in weed control were obtained with the introduction of Fabian, dr. application rate of 0.1 kg/ha and Bazagran, pp. 2.5 l/ha. The most favorable conditions of formation of biological productivity and realization of high level of productivity of chickpea plants are observed at the norms of sowing of seeds of 600 thousand pieces/ha.

Assessment of blackberry varieties suitable for growing in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe part of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
L. Shubenko ◽  
S. Shokh ◽  
Kumanska Yu.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

The research aimed to study the productivity of blackberry foreign varieties (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe part of Ukraine as they are attractive for production due to their fruit taste and appearance. The task was to establish the beginning and duration of fruiting of blackberry varieties, to determine the yield level and the quality of the berries. A fi eld experiment was conducted on the experimental fi eld of the Scientific and Research Center of BNAU to assess the productivity of blackberry varieties. The studies were started in the spring of 2017 on blackberry seedlings with growing the culture in vitro in the biotechnological laboratory of the university. The tests included 5 varieties with climbing shoots: Smoothstem, Thornfree, Black Satin, Triple Crown, Arapaho. According to the results of observations, it was found that for two years of fruiting among the studied varieties, the earliest production was received in the Arapaho variety, in the first decade of July. Triple Crown, with the fi rst fruits ripened on August 2, was characterized by late fruiting. The Triple Crown variety diff ered by the longest period of berry coming – 35 days. The yield obtained in a year after planting is not an indicator of long-term crop yields. However, the Triple Crown variety diff ered by the highest yield in the fi rst year of fruiting, with an average of 3.7 kg of berries obtained from a bush. High yields were also observed in the Smoothstem variety. Black Satin variety was characterized by the high level of yield growth for over two years of fruiting, which amounted to 80 %. The largest in the fi rst years of fruiting were Triple Crown fruits with an average weight of 11.1 g. The maximum weight of individual berries of this variety reached 17.7 g. The Arapaho variety also stood out with its large fruits of 8.5 g on average. Some fruits reached a maximum weight of 12.1 g. Key words: blackberry, the beginning of fruiting, productivity, average weight of berries, duration of products supply.

scholarly journals Influence of technological methods of growing on the anatomy-morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat in conditions of the right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine

1970 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
V.A. Mazur ◽  
H.V. Pantsyreva ◽  
Y.M. Kopytchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
The Right

Purpose. Study of the anatomical and morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat hybrids depending on fertilization backgrounds and seeding rates in agrocenoses of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods. Observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, forecast, field experiment. Results. The study of the dynamics of formation and functioning of the anatomical and morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat plants was carried out. The influence of the background without fertilizers and against the background of their increased level of application on the length of internodes (1-3) of stems in winter wheat agrocenoses was studied. It has been proven that seeding rates significantly influenced the length of the internodes. The influence of the background of mineral nutrition and seeding rates on the main anatomical and morphological parameters of winter wheat stems, in particular, the thickness of the stem and ring of mechanical tissue, the number and diameter of vascular-fibrous bundles was studied. It was found that the strength of the straw is largely determined by the number of vascular-fibrous bundles, as well as their diameter. It was the biggest on the variants with the increased fertilization background. It is noted that anatomical and morphological studies are needed in order to ensure the development of a more durable straw, which determines high resistance to lodging at a seeding rate of 3 and 1.5 million seeds/ha. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was found that the soil and climatic conditions of the years of the study and the factors that were studied have a direct influence on the anatomical and morphological parameters of wheet. At the same time, the best conditions for the maximum realization of the potential of the Patros hybrid of winter wheat plants were created in the experimental variants with a seeding rate of 3 and 1.5 million seeds/ha, ensuring the development of a more durable straw, which led to a high resistance to lodging.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL APPROVALS OF SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Mihaylo Polishuk ◽  
Ruslan Antko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
The Right

The article presents the effectiveness of the influence of certain agrotechnical components of the technology of growing wheat wheat in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The positive influence of application of foliar fertilization of crops is shown. The prospects of using the complex application of intensification elements are determined. It has been established that the optimization of the mode of power provides a more complete disclosure of the resource potential of plants, which increases yields. Reindeer nutrition should be considered as an element of supplementation to the soil nutrition system, primarily due to the fact that plants are able to absorb nutrients through the leaf surface only in limited quantities, with excess concentration of which possible burns or intoxication of plants. The use of foliar feeding on the background of the main fertilizer has been found to have a positive effect on productivity and quality. The role of the plant nutrition system, which allows to control the formation of grain productivity of spring wheat crops, is substantiated. It has been found that the optimization of the nutrition regime provides a fuller disclosure of the resource potential of the plants, thereby increasing the yield. Nutrition optimization provides more complete disclosure of plant resource potential, thereby increasing yields. It is determined that under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the level of spring wheat yield is largely determined by the amount of rainfall that has fallen during the growing season. By optimizing the wheat's nutritional conditions, its productivity increases substantially, regardless of weather and climatic conditions. The use of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen in combination with phosphorus and potassium, can significantly improve the nutritional regime of the soil. The available nutrients of the plant are provided as a result of the mineralization of organic compounds by soil microorganisms and the transition of soluble mineral substances into solubility. This creates a more favorable environment for the growth and development of plants and for maintaining high soil fertility. At the end of the spring wheat vegetation, there was a redistribution of nitric and ammoniacal forms of nitrogen. It is advisable to continue research in this area and to deepen in connection with the emergence of new varieties, preparations and changes in climatic and soil conditions. Key words: spring wheat, yield, variety, sowing dates, seeding rate.

scholarly journals Agrobiological parameters of various varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
V. V. Liubych ◽  
L. I. Storozhyk ◽  
V. I. Voitovska ◽  
I. S. Tereshchenko ◽  
A. I. Losieva
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Juice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Individual Productivity ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Right

Purpose. To reveal the features of agrobiological parameters formation of sweet sorghum various varieties and hybrids in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. During 2018–2020 twenty-one varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum of various ecological and geographical origins (Ukraine, Russia, USA, France, Germany, Hungary, Brazil) were studied in the field. Parameters like plant height and indices of their individual productivity (grain weight per panicle, 1000 grain weight, etc.), yield of dry biomass and grain, content of sugar in juice and protein in grain, as well as estimated sugar and protein yield in a crop. The counts were carried out in the phase of physiological ripeness of the culture. Results. In the group of Ukrainian varieties and hybrids, the plants were from 272 to 306 cm high, in the foreign group – from 274 to 412 cm. Varieties ‘Red Amber’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Freed’ and ‘Early Orange’ are of high value for breeding practice, their plants were the tallest – from 388 to 412 cm. The panicle length of sweet sorghum cultivars of Ukrainian breeding ranged from 16.0 to 17.3 cm, foreign – from 11.0 to 19.4 cm. Grain weight from one panicle varied from 32.8 to 41.6 g and from 29.2 to 43.5 g, respectively. In a wide range, depending on the varietal characteristics, the indicator of the number of grains per panicle also varied from 1338 to 1708 pcs. The mass of 1000 grains of sweet sorghum ranged from 28.0 to 31.0 g in varieties and hybrids of Ukrainian breeding, in foreign ones – from 19.3 to 31.0 g. The yield of dry vegetative mass of cultivars of Ukrainian breeding was at the level of 8.24–9.11 t/ha. The highest rates were shown in hybrid ‘Mamont’ and ‘Huliver’ variety – 9.05 and 9.11 t/ha, respectively. For cultivars and hybrids of foreign breeding, this indicator varied from 7.00 to 12.17 t/ha. Significantly higher biomass in comparison with the standard variety (‘Sylosne 42’) was produced by ‘Vorai Sumac’, ‘Sorgo Cucre’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Freed’, ‘Red Amber’, ‘Mohavk’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Early Orange’ – 9.03–12.17 t/ha. The sugar content in sweet sorghum juice varied from 15.2 to 17.2%. The estimated sugar yield in Ukrainian cultivars was at the level of 0.82–0.89 t/ha, in foreign ones – from 0.72 to 1.18 t/ha. In all studied varieties it was the highest in ‘Sorgo Cucre’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Freed’, ‘Red Amber’, ‘Mohavk’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Early Orange’ – 0.94–1.18 t/ha. Conclusions. The productivity of sweet sorghum varies greatly depending on the origin of the variety and hybrid. In the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, in order to obtain a high sugar yield, it is advisable to grow ‘Sylosne 42’, ‘Favoryt’, ‘Troistyi’, ‘Dovista’, ‘Huliver’ varieties and ‘Ananas’, ‘Medovyi’, ‘Mamont’ hybrids. Varieties ‘Vaconia Orange’, ‘Vorai Sumac’, ‘Sorgo Cucre’ and hybrids ‘Ald Sorghum’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Freed’, ‘Red Amber’, ‘Mohavk’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Early Orange’ provide high yields of vegetative masses. Hybrids ‘Freed’, ‘Affas CJ 899’ and ‘Early Orange’ produce a large vegetative mass (11.08–12.17 t/ha), grain yield (8.00–8.15 t/ha) and a high protein content (9.8–11.3%).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of bio-agents in soybean

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
V. S. Zadorozhnyi ◽  
V. V. Karasevych ◽  
S. M. Svytko ◽  
A. V. Labunets ◽  
A. V. Kniaziuk
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The Right

As a result of the scientific research (2016—2018), it was established that in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine it is appropriate to treat seeds with the agents Microhumin (200 mg per hectare seeding rate) + Biophosphorin (1.5 l/t) and spray crops with Gaupsin (4.0 l/ha) in the budding phase or treat seeds with Rhizobophite (2.0 l per hectare seeding rate) + Phytodoctor (1.0 l/t) and spray crops with Triсhodermine (2.0 l/ha), which ensures the rate of preserved soybean yield by 13—14 %, to improve mineral nutrition of soybean plants with nitrogen and phosphorus on gray forest soils and complex biological control of crops against major diseases, e.g. Peronospora manshurica Sydow., Septoria glycines T. Hemmi, Ascochyta sojaecola Abramov., and pests, e.g. Etiella zinckenella Tr., Adelphocoris linearolatus Goeze.

scholarly journals Technologies of Protection and Nutrition in Agrophytocenoses of Legumes for Organic Seed Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Inna Mykolaivna Horodyska ◽  
Yurii Ternovyi ◽  
Artem Chub ◽  
Alla Lishchuk ◽  
Maryana Draga
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The Right

According to the legislation of Ukraine, one of the requirements of organic crop production is the use of organic seeds and organic planting material. High productivity and quality of sowing material for organic production of agricultural products can only be obtained with the full supply of plants and soil to nutrients and the protection of plants from diseases, pests and weeds. The purpose of the work was to study the technologies of protection and nutrition of legumes (peas and soybean) with the use of domestic biopreparations in seminal organic agrophytocenoses. The research was carried out in the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. The influence of technologies of the use of complexes of biological products of natural origin on the productivity of the seed material of peas and soybeans, its seed quality and phytosanitary condition of crops were studied. The study evaluated the potential of legume crops by main economic characteristics in the conditions of use of organic production technologies in different phases of ontogenesis of plants. Positive influence of technologies of complexes of biological preparations on growth and development of cultivated plants, which was reflected on their biometric indices, is established, finally forming the yield of peas and soybeans and high crop quality. In general, the use of all investigated technologies using biopreparations on peas and soybeans ensured obtaining quality organic seed material that meets the requirements of DSTU 2240-93 for reproductive seed.

scholarly journals Perspective resources of resistance of spring oats to loose smut

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
L. Necheporenko ◽  
S. Vorozhko
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Right ◽  
Very High

Goal. Search for the most valuable sources of spring oats, resistant to the defeat of loose smut. Methods. Field, finely divided. The area of the crop area is 2 m2, the repetition is three times. The study was carried out in fields at Verhnyachka experimental breeding station of the Institute of biopower crops and sugar beet of NAAS of Ukraine. The materials for the research were 94 own selection created varieties with the involvement of varieties of different ecological and geographical origin, obtained from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. Results. The results of the study of newly created spring oats varieties in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine in the 2015—2018 validity for resistance to the pathogen of loose smut on an artificial infectious background are given. The total share of resistant forms of the disease was established: very high — resistant — 25.5%, high- resistant — 19.1%, resistant — 17.0%, vulnerable — 21.3%, susceptible — 16.0% and 1.1% — highly susceptible. Susceptible and highly susceptible specimen were discarded, while the vulnerable specimen were involved in the process of hybridization with resistant to sustainability. Conclusions. The differentiation of varieties of spring oats for resistance to loose smut was revealed. 58 varieties of spring oats with resistance to the pathogen of 9—6 points were detected. 22 varieties are selected, which combine resistance with high yields. 5 varieties have been created: Decameron, Darunok, Dietuchnui, Dioscurii and Denka, which are in the Register of plant varieties of Ukraine, and received the “The Certificate of registration of the sample of the gene pool of plants in Ukraine” on 5 lines of oat: 467-15, 445-1791, 399-38, 477-5 and 493-27, which can be used as donors of resistance to disease.

scholarly journals Formation of alfalfa leafiness by the phases of growth and development

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Kvytko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
The Right

The results of two-year studies (2017—2018) on the effect of the seeding rate and row spacing on the leafiness of alfalfa plants of different geographical origin carried out on the gray forest soils of the right-bank Forest-Steppe are presented. It is established that the variety of the southern breeding Angelica prevailed over the local variety Rosan by its leafiness by 0.5—1.6 % regardless of the phase of growth and development. The highest leafiness indices were obtained when the seeding rate was 8.0 million/ha, which amounted to 50.9—51.8 %. The row spacing provided the growth of the leaf mass by 0.2 %.

scholarly journals Features of growth of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] plants depending on the width of rows and seeding rate in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
L. A. Pravdyva
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intensive Growth

Purpose. To establish the optimal row spacing and so­wing rate of sorghum seeds of grain varieties ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and ‘Vinets’, to substantiate their influence on the growing season and biometric parameters of plants in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The most intensive growth and development of sorghum plants was observed when sowing seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and a seeding rate of 200 thousand pieces/ha. In particular, the duration of the growing season under such conditions was the smallest: 108 days for the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety and 106 days for the ‘Vinets’ variety. At the same time, the indicators of field seeds germination, plant height and stem diameter were maximum in the experiment: ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ – 88.7%, 137.3 cm and 1.7 cm, ‘Vinets’ – 86.9%, 121.8 cm and 1.6 cm, respectively. It was found that an increase in seeding rate reduced indicators of productive tillering, leaf area and weight per plant. The most intense tillering of sorghum plants was observed at a seeding rate of 150 and 200 thousand pieces/ha for all the studied variants of the row spacing: on average, up to two panicles well filled with grain per plant, depending on the varietal characte­ristics. At the rate of 250 thousand pieces/ha, tillering of plants in both varieties was somewhat weaker – 1.0–1.1 panicles per plant. The largest indicators of leaf surface area and weight of one plant were with a row spacing of 45 cm: 1528–2320 cm2 and 169.2–185.6 g in the variety ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and 1476–2180 cm2 and 143.1–162.3 g in the variety ‘Vinets’ depending on planting density. Reduction of row spacing up to 15 cm and its increase up to 70 cm led to a decrease in the main parameters of plant growth and development. Conclusions. Sorghum plants developed better when sown with a row spacing of 45 cm and a seeding rate of 200 thousand pieces/ha, which were recommended for growing crops in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

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